Chapter 16 Solutions To Exercises - Circuit Analysis and Design

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition
1.
Chapter Sixteen Solutions
10 March 2006
We have a parallel RLC with R = 1 k, C = 47 F and L = 11 mH.

(a) Qo = R(C/L) = 65.37
(b) fo = o/ 2 = (LC)- / 2 =
221.3 Hz
(c) The circuit is excited by a steady-state 1-mA sinusoidal source:
10-30o A
jL
-j/ C
The admittance Y(s) facing the source is Y(s) = 1/R + 1/sL + sC

= C(s2 + s/RC + 1/LC)/ s so Z(s) = (s/C) / (s2 + s/RC + 1/LC) and
Z(j) = (1/C) (j) / (1/LC 2 + j/RC).
Since V = 10-3 Z, we note that |V| > 0 as 0 and also as .
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2.
(a) R = 1000 and C = 1 F.

Qo = R(C/L) = 200 so L = C(R/ Qo)2 =
(b) L = 12 fH and C = 2.4 nF
R = Qo (L/ C)
(c) R = 121.7 k and L = 100 pH

C = (Qo / R)2 L =
10 March 2006
25 H
447.2 m
270 aF
3.
10 March 2006
We take the approximate expression for Q of a varactor to be

Q CjRp/ (1 + 2 Cj2 Rp Rs)
(a) Cj = 3.77 pF, Rp = 1.5 M, Rs = 2.8
(b) dQ/d = [(1 + 2 Cj2 Rp Rs)(Cj Rp) - CjRp(2Cj2 Rp Rs)]/ (1 + 2 Cj2 RpRs)
Setting this equal to zero, we may subsequently write
CjRp (1 + 2 Cj2 Rp Rs) - CjRp(2Cj2 Rp Rs) = 0
Or
1 2 Cj2 Rp Rs = 0. Thus, o = (Cj2 RpRs)
= 129.4 Mrad/s = 21.00 MHz
Qo = Q( = o) = 366.0
4.
10 March 2006
Determine Q for (dropping onto a smooth concrete floor):

(a) A ping pong ball: Dropped twice from 121.1 cm (arbitrarily chosen).
Both times, it bounced to a height of 61.65 cm.
Q = 2h1/ (h1 h2) = 12.82
(b) A quarter (25 ). Dropped three times from 121.1 cm.
Trial 1: bounced to 13.18 cm
Trial 2: bounced to 32.70 cm
Trial 3: bounced to 16.03 cm. Quite a bit of variation, depending on how it struck.
Average bounce height = 20.64 cm, so
Qavg = 2h1/ (h1 h2) = 7.574
(c) Textbook. Dropped once from 121.1 cm. Didnt bounce much at all- only 2.223 cm.
Since the book bounced differently depending on angle of incidence, only one trial was
performed.
Q = 2h1/ (h1 h2) = 6.4
All three items were dropped from the same height for comparison purposes. An
interesting experiment would be to repeat the above, but from several different heights,
preferrably ranging several orders of magnitude (e.g. 1 cm, 10 cm, 100 cm, 1000 cm).
10 March 2006
5.
= 80Np/s, d = 1200 rad/s, Z(2 + j d ) = 400

o = 12002 + 802 = 1202.66 rad/s Qo =
Now, Y( s ) = C
( s + j d )( s + + j d )
( )( + j 2 d )
Y(2 + j d ) = C
s
2 + j d
Y(160 + j1200) = C
C =
o
= 7.517
2
80(80 + j 2400)
1
1 + j 30
Y(160 + j1200) =
= 80C
160 + j1200
400
2 + j15
1
229
1
1
= 15.775 F; L = 2 = 43.88 mH; R =
= 396.7
o C
32, 000 901
2 C
10 March 2006
6.
Yin =
1
1
2 j 0.1
j
+ 0.2 +
=
+ 0.2 +
2
2 + j 0.1
1 + 1000 / j 4 + 0.01
1000 + j10
2 j 0.1
2 + j1000
1000
0.1
0.2
+
+
+ 2
=0
2
6
2
2
4 + 0.1
10 +
4 + 0.01 + 106
0.1 3 + 105 = 4000 + 10 3 9.9 2 = 96, 000 = 98.47 rad/s
=
7.
Parallel: R = 106 , L = 1, C = 106 , Is = 100 A
(a)
o =
(b)
1
I
1000
Y = 106 + j 106 , V = = 105 /103 103 + j
1000
10 March 2006
1
= 1000 rad/s; Qo = o RC = 103+ 66 = 1000
LC
V =
102
102
, V =
2
1000

1000

6
0.001 + j
10
+

1000

1000
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
999.5
1000.5
0.993
1.238
1.642
2.423
4.47
10.0
4.47
2.428
1.646
1.243
0.997
7.070
7.072
10 March 2006
8.
(a)
5(100 / j )
j 0.1
+2+
5 + (100 / j )
10 + j 0.01
500
100
100(20 j )
j10
j10
j10 (1000 j )
=
+2+
=
+2+
=
+2+
2
+ 400
2 + 106
100 + j 5
1000 + j 20 + j
1000 + j
Zin =
104
100
+
= 0 2 + 106 = 100 2 + 40, 000, 99 2 = 960, 000
2
2
6
+ 400 + 10
o = 960, 000 / 99 = 98.47 rad/s
(b)
Zin ( o ) =
10 o2
2000
2
+
+
= 2.294
o2 + 400
o2 + 106
10 March 2006
9.
(a)
= 50 s 1 , d = 1000 s 1 o2 = 2 + d2 = 1, 002,500 o = 1001.249

1
106
1
106
+
L= 2 =
= 0.9975 H; R =
=
= 10 k
2 C 100
o C 1, 002,500
(b)
1
1
Y = 104 + j 106
, = 1000 Z = = 99971.4321
0.9975
Y
10 March 2006
10.
f min = 535 kHz, f max = 1605 kHz, Qo = 45 at one end and
Qo 45 for 535 f 1605 kHz
f o = 1/ 2 LC 535 103 =
1
1
,1605 103 =
2 L max C
2 L min C
2
L max / L min = 3; L max C =

= 8.8498 1014
3
2 535 10
o RC 45,535 103
o
1605 103. Use o max
2
2 1605 103 20 103 C = 45 C = 223.1pF

L max =
8.8498 1014
L
= 397.6 H, L min = max = 44.08 H
12
223.1 10
9
10 March 2006
11.
(a)
Apply 1V. IR = 104 A

1
+ 104 + (1 [105 (104 )])108 s
4.4 103 s
1000
48.4 108 s 2 + 4.4 104 s + 1000
4
8
Yin =
+ 10 + 11 10 s =
4.4 s
4.4 s
8 2
4
1000 48.4 10 + j 4.4 10
Yin ( j ) =
j 4.4
Yin = Iin =
(b)
At = o , 1000 = 48.4 108 o2 , o = 45.45 krad/s

1
j 4.4 104 o
Zin ( j o ) =
= 10 k
j 4.4 o
12.
0 =
10 March 2006
1
= 24 = 4.9 rad/s or f0 = 0 = 780 mHz
2
LC
13.
0 =
1
=
LC
1
25 106
1.01
= 200 rad/s or f0 =
10 March 2006
0
= 31.99 Hz
2
14.
1
103
=
=5
2 C 200
(a) =
1
2 RC
0 =
1
1
=
= 1000 rad/s or f0 = 0 = 159.2 Hz
2
LC
106
R=
10 March 2006
Zin(0) = R = 5
(b) We see from the simulation result that the ratio of the test source voltage to its current
is 5 at the resonant frequency; the small error is due to the series resistance PSpice
required.
15.
(a) =
10 March 2006
1
= 50 s -1 and d = 02 2 = 5000 rad/s
2RC
Zin(0) = R so find R.
L d2 + 2
1
1
=
= 250
C= 2 = 2
= 40 F . R =
2 C
2(50)
0 L d + 2 L
1
1
= 5000 rad/s or f 0 = 795.8 Hz .
LC
We see from the simulation result that the ratio of the test source voltage to its current
is 250 at the resonant frequency; the small error is due to the series resistance PSpice
required.
(b) The resonant frequency is
16.
o = 1000 rad/s, Qo = 80, C = 0.2 F
(a)
1
106
80
= 5 H, Qo = o RC R = 3
= 400 k
L= 2 =
6
o C 0.2 10
10 0.2 106
(b)
B = o / Q o = 1000 / 80 = 12.5
10 March 2006
1
B = 6.25 rad/s
2
o
Z = R / 1+ j
= 400 10 / 1 +
B/2
6.25
10 March 2006
17.
1 = 103rad/s, 2 = 118,
Z( j105) = 10
o2 = 1 2 = 103 118
o
110.245+
o = 110.245 , B = 118 103 = 15 rad/s, Qo =
=
= 7.350
B
15
7.350
1
1
7.350 = o RC RC =
= 66.67 103 , LC = 2 =
+
110.2451
o 12,154
+
1
1
12,154
+ j 105C
C = 18.456 C
= 15C + j 105C
R
105L
105
0.1
1
1
C =
= 5.418 mF, R = C = 12.304 , L =
= 15.185 mH
18.456
15
12,154C
Y( j105) = 0.1 =
10 March 2006
18.
o = 30 krad/s, Qo = 10, R = 600 ,
(a)
B=
(b)
N=
(c)
Zin(j28 000) = 600 / (1 j1.333) = 360 53.13o
(d)
Q
1
10
1
Zin ( j 28, 000) =

,C = o =
+ j 28, 000C j
28, 000L
o R 30, 000 600
600
Qo
= 3 krad/s
B/ 2
28 30
= 1.3333
1.5
1
R
600
1 30, 000 10
1
28 10 30 10
L=
, =
=
Zin =
+ j
600
o Qo 30, 000 10 L
30 600 28 600
600
600
= 351.90654.0903
Zin =
28 30
1 + j10
30 28
(e)
approx-true
360 351.906
= 100%
= 2.300%
true
351.906
53.1301 54.0903
= 1.7752%
angle: 100%
54.0903
magnitude: 100%
19.
f o = 400 Hz, Qo = 8, R = 500 , IS = 2 103 A B = 50 Hz
(a)
V = 2 103 500 / 1 + N 2 = 0.5 1 + N 2 = 4, N = 3 =
10 March 2006
f 400
50 / 2
f = 400 25 3 = 443.3 and 356.7 Hz
(b)
IR =
v
R
1
1+ N
1
= 0.5 103 1 + N 2 = 4, N 2 = 15, N = 15
500
f = 400 25 15 = 496.8 and 303.2 Hz
20.
o = 106 , Qo = 10, R = 5 103 , p.r.
(a)
Qo =
(b)
Approx: 2 = 5 / 1 + N
10 March 2006
R
5 103
= 0.5 mH
L =
o L
10 106
2
N = 2.291 =
106
106 / 20
= 1.1146 Mrad/S
2
o
1
1
Exact: Y = 1 + jQo
0.5 = 0.2 1 + 100 ( in Mrad/S)
R
o
1
1
6.25 = 1 + 100( 2 2 + 1/ 2 ), 2 2 + 2 = 0.0525, 2 + 2 = 2.0525
4 2.0525 2 + 1 = 0, 2 =
(c)
1
2.0525 + 2.05252 4 = 1.2569, = 1.1211 Mrad/s
2
Approx: Y = 30 tan 1 N = 30, N = 0.5774 =

Exact: Y =

1
1/ 20
, = 1.0289 Mrad/s
1
1
1
1 + j10 (in Mrad/s) tan 30 = 0.5774 = 10
5000

= 0.05774, 2 0.05774 1 = 0, =
0.05774 + 0.057742 + 4
= 1.0293 Mrad/s
2
10 March 2006
21.
(a)
(b)
C = 3 + 7 = 10 nF o =
1
4
10 10
= 106 rad/s
Q o = o CR = 1061085 5 103 = 50
B = o / Q o = 20 krad/s
Parallel current source is
10
= j 3 109 At o , I s = j106 9 3
Z3
V1,0 = j 3 103 5 103 = 1590 V
(c)
o = 15 103 N =
15 103
1590
= 1.5 V1 =
= 8.32133.69 V
3
10 10
1 + j1.5
10 March 2006
22.
(a)
(5 + 0.01s )(5 + 106 / s ) (5 + 0.01s )(5s + 106 )

=
10 + 0.01s + 106 / s
0.01s 2 + 10 s + 106
0.05s 2 + 25s + 104 s + 5 106
Zin ( s ) =
0.01s 2 + 10 s + 106
5 106 0.05 2 + j10, 025
Zin ( j ) =
106 0.01 2 + j10
10, 025 o
10 o
At = o ,
= 6
, 10.025 109 100.25 o2 = 5 107 0.5 o2
6
2
2
5 10 0.05 o 10 0.01 o
Zin ( s ) =
99.75 o2 = 9.975 109 , o = 10, 000 rad/s
(b)
Zin ( j o ) = (5 + j100) (5 j100) =
25 + 10, 000
= 1002.5
10
23.
, f o = 1000 Hz, Qo = 40, Zin ( j o ) = 2k B = 25 Hz
(a)
Zin(j) =
10 March 2006
2000
f 1000
, N=
, f = 1010, N = 0.8
1 + jN
12.5
Zin = 2000 / (1 + j0.8) = 1562 -38.66o
(b)
0.9 f o < f < 1.1 f o 900 < f < 1100 Hz
24.
10 March 2006
Taking 2 = 0.7, we read from

Fig. 16.48a: 1.7 kHz 0.6 kHz = 1.1 kHz
Fig. 16.48b:
2107 Hz 900 Hz = 20 MHz
25.
10 March 2006
Bandwidth = 2 f 0 = 2 106 = 2 1 , where 1 = 2 ( 5.5 )103 .

(a) 2 = 1 + B , therefore f2 = 5.5 + 103 kHz = 1.0055 MHz
(b) f 0 =
(c) Q0 =
f1 f 2 =
( 5.5 )(1005.5) =
74.37 kHz
f 0 74.37 103
=
= 0.074
106
B
26.
10 March 2006
Bandwidth = 109 Hz = f 2 f1 , where f1 = 75.3 106 Hz.

(a) f 2 = f1 + B , therefore f2 = 1.0753 GHz
(b) f 0 =
(c) Q0 =
f1 f 2 =
( 75.3 10 )(1.0753 10 ) =
6
284.6 MHz
f 0 284.6 106
=
= 0.2846
109
B
27.
10 March 2006
(a) To complete the sketch, we need to first find 0, which we obtain in part (b).
(b) 0 = 12 = 2000 rad/s or f 0 = 318.3 Hz

(c) B = 2 1 = 3000 rad/s or
(d) Q =
2 1
477.5 Hz
2000
= 0.667
3000
28.
10 March 2006
(a) We begin by labelling the series string with the capacitor as string 1, and the other as
string 2. We next find the parallel equivalent of each, and determine the frequency where
Xp1 + Xp2 = 0.
R12 + X 12
R22 + X 22
, and similarly X p2 =
.
Then X p1 =
X1
X2
For X p1 + X p2 = 0 we have
1
At 0, X 1 =
0C
At 0, X 2 = 0 L
R12 + X 12 R22 + X 22
+
=0
X1
X2
R12 + X 12
=
X1
52 +
[1]
1024
02 ( 330 )
1012
3300
R22 + X 22 52 + 104 02
=
.
102 0
X2
Enforcing Eq. [1], then, leads to 0 =
1022 ( 25 ) (330)1012
(330)108 25(33) 2
= 550.5 krad/s
or f0 = 87.61 kHz.
(b) We see the simulation result agrees reasonably, with a resonant frequency of 87.6 kHz
29.
10 March 2006
(a) We design for a bandwidth of 5.5 kHz, a low-frequency cut-off of 500 Hz, and a
resonant impedance of 1 k (no value was specified). Thus, we need to specify values
for R, L, and C.
f 2 = f1 + B = 6 kHz
f0 =
f1 f 2 =
( 0.5 ) (6) =
3 kHz
f0
3 103
Q0 =
=
B 5.5 103
Q0 = 0 RC so C =
L=
Q0
1
=
= 28.9 nF
3
0 R 5.5 10 ( 2 )103
5.5 103 103

1
=
= 292 mH
02C
2 3 106
and, of course, R = 1 k
(b) From the simulation, we observe a bandwidth of 5.5 kHz, a lower frequency cutoff of
approximately 500 Hz, and a peak impedance of 1000 , as desired.
30.
(a) f 0 =
(b) Q0 =
1
2
1
1
=
LC 2
0 L
)(
400 106 3.3 106
10 March 2006
= 4.38 kHz
1 L 1 400
=
= 1.10
LC R 10 3.3
(c) Z at resonance = R = 10
(d) Z at 0.438 kHz =
1
10 + j 2 ( 438 ) 400 106
2 ( 438 ) 3.3 106
(e) Z at 43.8 kHz =
1
10 + j 2 ( 438 ) 400 104
2 ( 438 ) 3.3 104
= 10 j109.01
= 10 j108.98
31.
10 March 2006
Bandwidth = 3 MHz, f1 = 17 kHz.

(a) f 2 = f1 + B =
(b) f 0 =
(c) Q0 =
f1 f 2 =
3.017 MHz
226.5 kHz
f0
= 0.0755
B
32.
10 March 2006
(a) Z0 = 1 by definition
(b) 0 =
1
103
=
= 707 rad/s
LC
2
= 112.5 Hz
(c) PSpice simulation verifies an impedance of 1 at f = 112.6 Hz.
33.
10 March 2006
(a) Z0 = 1 k by definition
(b) 0 =
1
106
=
= 707 krad/s
LC
2
= 112.5 kHz
(c) PSpice simulation verifies an impedance of 1 k at f = 112.8 kHz.
10 March 2006
34.
(a)
20A 6, 3 6 = 2, 40 V in series with 2 + 1 = 3

1
L 60
= 10 rad/s, Qo = o =
= 20
R
3
LC
10
1
B=
= 0.5, B = 0.25, Vout ( j o ) = 40Qo = 800 V
20
2
o =
10
Vout ( j ) = 800 / 1 +
0.25
(b)
= 9 rad/s
800
= 194.03V
17
40
600
Exact: Vout =
3 + j (6 600 / ) j
24, 000
Vout ( j 9) =
= 204.86 13.325 V
9[3 + j (54 66.67)]
(Approx: Vout ( j 9) =
10 March 2006
35.
Series: R = 50 , L = 4 mH, C = 107
(a)
o = 1/ 4 1037 = 50 krad/s
(b)
f o = 50 103 / 2 = 7.958 kHz
(c)
Qo =
(d)
B = o / Qo = 50 103 / 4 = 12.5 krad/s
(e)
1 = o 1 + (1/ 2Qo ) 2 1/ 2Qo = 50 1 + 1/ 64 1/ 8 = 44.14 krad/s
(f)
2 = 50 65 / 64 + 1/ 8 = 56.64 krad/s
(g)
Zin ( j 45, 000) = 50 + j (180 107 3 / 45) = 50 j 42.22 = 65.44 40.18
(h)
Zc / Z R
o L
R
45,000
50 103 4 103
=4
50
= 107 / j 45, 000 50 = 4.444
36.
Apply 1 A, in at top. VR = 10 V
(a)
Vin = Zin = 103 s + 10 +
10 March 2006
108
1.2 108
(0.5 10 + 1) = 103 s + 10 +
s
5s
8
8
3
3
Zin ( j ) = 10 + j (10 1.2 10 / ) 10 o = 1.2 10 / o
o2 = 1.2 1011 , o = 346.4 krad/s

(b)
Qo =
o L
R
346.4 1033
= 34.64
10
37.
10 March 2006
Find the Thvenin equivalent seen by the inductor-capacitor combination:
SC : 1.5 = V1 + 10 1 0.105 V1 V1 = 50 V
125
50
ISC =
= 0.4 A
125
1.5
= 3.75
OC :V1 = 0 VOC = 1.5 V R th =
0.4
1000 4
o = 1/ 4 0.25 106 = 1000, Qo =
= 1066.7
3.75
1000
1
= 0.9375, B = 0.4688 rad/s
B = o / Qo =
1066.7
2
VC max = Qo Vth = 1066.7 1.5 = 1600 V
Therefore, keep your hands off!
To generate a plot of |VC| vs. frequency, note that VC(j) = 1.5
j
C
3.75 + jL
j
C
38.
Series, f o = 500 Hz, Qo = 10, X L ,0 = 500
(a)
500 = o L = 2 (500)L L = 0.15915+ H, C =

Qo = 10 =
(b)
X L ,0
R
10 March 2006
1
2
=
= 0.6366 F
2
o L (2 500) 2
500
R = 50
R
1
106 0.5
250, 000
1 = I 50 + j 2 f
j
= I 50 + j f j
f
2
2 f
6
10 0.5
I = 1/ 50 + j ( f 250, 000 / f ), Vc =
I
j 2 f
j 250, 000 / f
Vc (2 450) = 4.757 V
VC =
50 + j ( f 250, 000 / f )
Vc (2 500) = 10, 000 V Vc (2 550) = 4.218 V
10 March 2006
39.
X : s = 0, , 0 : s = 20, 000 j80, 000 s 1 , Zin (104 ) = 20 + j 0 SERIES
= 20, 000, d = 80, 000 o = (64 + 4)108 = 82, 462 rad/s,
1
= o2 = 68 108
LC
R
R
1 L 68 108
1
= = 20, 000 = 40, 000,
=
= 170, 000; Z( ) = R + L +
2L
L1
LC R 40, 000
C
1
170, 000
1
=R R
R R = 1.2308
4
10, 000
10, 000C
1
1.2308
L =
= 30.77 H, C =
= 4.779 F
170, 000 1.2308
40, 000
20 = R 10, 000L
40.
o 1/ 10
3 7
10 March 2006
1053
= 10 rad/s, Q L =
= 100, R PL = 10, 000
1
5
1
= 500, R PC = 5002 0.2 = 50, 000
10 0.2
50 10 = 8.333 k Q o = o CR = 1057 8333 = 83.33
Qc =
5 7
100, 000
= 1200 rad/s, Zin ( jo ) = 8333
83.33
(99 100)103
8.333
= 99, 000 N =
= 1.6667, Zin ( j 99, 000) =
600
1 j1.667
= 4.287 59.04o k
B=
41.
10 March 2006
Req = Qo/ o C = 50 / 105-7 = 5000 .

Thus, we may write 1/5000 = 1/8333 + 1/Rx so that
Rx = 12.5 k.
10 March 2006
42.
3mH 1.5 mH = 1mH, 2 F + 8 F = 10 F, o =
1
1035
= 10 krad/s
3 103 104
= 100, R p = 1002 0.3 = 3 k
0.3
1.5 103 104
Q=
= 60, R p = 60 0.25 = 900
0.25
692.3
900 3000 = 692.3 Q L = 43 = 69.23
10
692.3
R LS =
= 0.14444
69.232
106
Q= 4
= 125, R pc = 1252 0.1 = 1562.5 10 F
10 0.1 8
1562.5
Qc = 104 105 15625 = 156.25 R SC =
= 0.064
(156.25) 2
Q=
R S ,tot = 0.14444 + 0.064 = 0.2084 = Zin
min
, o = 10 krad/s
10 March 2006
43.
(a)
o 1/ 2 0.2 103 = 50 rad/s

QleftL = 50 2.5 / 2 = 62.5, 2 62.52 = 7812.5
50 10
= 50, 10 502 = 25 k
10
1000
Qc =
= 100, 1002 1 = 10 k , R p = 7.8125 25 10 = 3731
50 0.2 1
50
1
Qo = 50 3731 0.2 10 3 = 37.31; B =
= 1.3400, B = 0.6700
37.31
2
3
V o = 10 3731 = 3.731V
Q rightL =
3.731 V
2.638 V
|V| (volts)
1.34 rad/s
50
(b)
(rad/s)
V = 103 [(2 + j125) (10 + j500) (1 j100)]

=
103
= 3.7321 0.3950+ V
1
1
1
+
+
2 + j125 10 + j 500 1 j100
10 March 2006
44.
(a)
1000
= 2000 rad/s, Qc = 2000 2 106 25 103 = 100
0.25
R
20 104
R C , S = 25, 000 /1002 = 2.5 ; Q L =
=
= 40
o L 2000 0.25
o
20, 000
= 12.5 R tot = 12.5 + 2.5 = 15
1600
2000 0.25
1
Qo =
= 33.33 Vx = 1 33.33 = 16.667 V
15
2
R L,S =
(b)
20, 000 j 500

= 12, 4922 + j 499.688
20, 000 + j 500
25, 000( j 250)
= 2.4998 j 249.975
25, 000 j 250 =
25, 000 j 250
20, 000 j 500 =
Zin = 12.4922 + 2.4998 + j 499.688 j 250 j 249.975 = 14.9920 j 0.2870

I = 1/ 14.9920 j 0.2870 = 66.6902 mA Vx = 250 66.6902 103 = 16.6726 V
45.
Q = CR, RS =
XS =
10 March 2006
RP
Q2 X P
X
,
and
=
S
1 + Q2
1 + Q2
1
1
1 + Q2
, XP =
CS = C P
Q2
CS
CP
(a) = 103 rad/s, Q = 5

Therefore, RS = 5/26 = 192 , CS = 26/25 F = 1.06 F
(b) = 104 rad/s, Q = 50
Therefore, RS = 5/2501 = 2 , CS = 2501/2500 F = 1.0004 F
(c) = 105 rad/s, Q = 500
Therefore, RS = 5000/250001 = 20 m, CS = 250001/250000 F = 1.0 F
46.
RP = RS 1 + Q 2 , and X P = X S
C P = CS
10 March 2006
1 + Q2
Q2
Q2
1 + Q2
(a) = 103 rad/s, Q = 0.2

Therefore, RP = 5(1 + 0.04) = 5.2 k, CP = 38.5 nF
(b) = 104 rad/s, Q = 50
Therefore, RP = 5(1 + 0.0004) = 5.002 k, CP = 400 pF
(c) = 105 rad/s, Q = 500
Therefore, RP = 5(1 + 4106) = 5 k, CP = 4 pF
47.
Q=
10 March 2006
RP
Q2 X P
R
Q2
X
L
L
, RS =
,
and
=
.
=
S
S
P
1 + Q2
L
1 + Q2
1 + Q2
(a) = 103 rad/s, Q = 142.4103

Therefore, RS = 470/(1 + Q2) = 23.2 n, LS = 3.3 H
(b) = 104 rad/s, Q = 14.24103
Therefore, RS = 470/(1 + Q2) = 23.2 , LS = 3.3 H
(c) = 105 rad/s, Q = 1.424103
Therefore, RS = 470/(1 + Q2) = 232 , LS = 3.3 H
48.
10 March 2006
1 + Q2
RP = RS 1 + Q 2 , and X P = X S
2
Q
1 + Q2
LP = LS
2
Q
(a) = 103 rad/s, Q = 7.02106

Therefore, RP = 470(1 + Q2) = 470 , LP = 67 mF
(b) = 104 rad/s, Q = 50
Therefore, RP = 470(1 + Q2) = 470 , LP = 670 F
(c) = 105 rad/s, Q = 500
Therefore, RP = 470(1 + Q2) = 470 , LP = 6.70 F
49.
10 March 2006
R
470
7 6 = 47 . Since Q > 5, the series
L 10 10
equivalent is a 10/47 resistor in series with 1 H.
(a) For the left parallel circuit, Q =
For the right parallel circuit, Q = CR 107108 ( 200 ) = 20 . Again, Q > 5, so the series
equivalent is
a 10/20 = 500 m resistor in series with 10 nF.
We may therefore approximate the network as a 700 m resistor in series with a 10 nF
capacitor, in series with a 1 H inductor, in series with the 10 H inductor of interest.
At the resonant frequency the network connected in series with the inductor has an
impedance of 700 m. The inductor present an impedance of 100 . Thus, |Vx| = 1 V.
(b) ZL =
( 470 ) ( j107106 )
470 + j10
1
jC2
= 0.213 + j9.995 . Z L =
= 0.499 j9.975
1
R2 +
jC2
R2
Z3 = j100 .
Thus, Vx =
Z3
j100
= 0.99745 + j 0.0071 V
(10 ) =
0.714 + j 0.02
Z1 + Z L + Z3
So that |Vx| = 0.99977 V . Our approximation was pretty accurate, at least at this
frequency.
10 March 2006
50.
(a)
(b)
50
20 103
= 0.5 K f =
= 0.02
100
106
1
0.5
9.82 H 0.5 9.82
= 24.55 H, 31.8 H
31.8 = 795 H
0.02
0.02
2.57
= 257 nF
2.57 nF
0.5 0.02
Km =
same ordinate; divide numbers on abscissa by 50
10 March 2006
51.
(a)
Apply 1 V I1 = 10A 0.5 I1 = 5A ; 5A 0.2 can be replaced by 1 V in series with 0.2

Iin = 10 +
s + 10
1 (1)
2s
4s + 20 20( s + 5)
= 10 +
=
=
Zin ( s) =
20( s + 5)
s + 10
0.2 + 2 / s
0.2s + 2 0.2s + 2
2( s / 5 + 10) 0.1( s + 50)
=
20( s / 5 + 5)
s + 25
(b)
K m = 2, K f = 5 Zin ( s )
(c)
0.1 0.2 , 0.2 0.4 , 0.5F 0.05 F, 0.5 I1 0.5 I1
10 March 2006
52.
(a)
o 1/ (2 + 8)103106 = 104 rad/s

3
Q L ,8 = 10 / 8 10 10 = 125 R L , S
4
2 + 8 = 10 mH Q L =
104
=
= 0.64
1252
104 10 103
= 156.25
0.64
1
= 100, R C , P = 1002 1 = 10 k
10 106
R P = 20 15.625 10 = 4.673 k Qo = 104 106 4.673 103 = 46.73
R L , P = 0.64 156.252 = 15.625 k ; QC =
(b)
K f = 106 /104 = 100, K m = 1 R s stay the same; 2 mH 20 H, 8mH 80 H,1F 10 nF
(c)
o = 106 rad/s, Qo stays the same, B =
106
= 21.40 krad/s
46.73
10 March 2006
53.
(a)
K m = 250, K f = 400 0.1F

5 1250 , 2H
0.1
= 1F
250 400
2 250
= 1.25 H, 4 Ix 103 Ix
400
1.25 H
1 F
(b)
= 103. Apply 1 V I x = 106 s, I1250 =
1250
103
1
1250
1 103 s
1000 I x = 10 s I L =
1.25s
1
0.8
0.8
(1 103 s ) = 106 s +
; s = j103
Iin = 106 s +
+
1250 s
s
3
0.8 10
1 1000
Iin = j103 +
= j 0.2 103 Zth =
=
= j 5 k Voc = 0
Iin
j
j 0.2
3
10 March 2006
54.
(a)
Is = 20 A, = 50 Vout = 6025 V
(b)
Is = 240 A, = 50 Vout = 6065 V
(c)
Is = 240 A, = 200, OTSK
(d)
K m = 30, IS = 240 A, = 50 Vout = 180065 V
(e)
K m = 30, K f = 4, Is = 240 A, = 200 Vout = 180065 V
10 March 2006
55.
(a)
H /( s) = 0.2 H dB = 20 log 0.2 = 13.979 dB
(b)
H( s ) = 50 H dB = 20 log 50 = 33.98dB
(c)
H( j10) =
(d)
H dB = 37.6 dB H( s) = 1037.6 / 20 = 75.86
(e)
H dB = 8dB H( s ) = 108/ 20 = 0.3981
(f)
H dB = 0.01dB H( s ) = 100.01/ 20 = 1.0012
12
26
6
13
292 + j 380
+
H dB = 20 log
+
= 20 log
= 6.451dB
2 + j10 20 + j10
1 + j 5 10 + j 5
60 + j 220
56.
(a)
10 March 2006
(d)
MATLAB verification- shown adjacent to Bode plots below.

20( s + 1) 0.2(1 + s )
H( s ) =
=
, 0.2 14 dB
s + 100 1 + s /100
10
100
2000( s + 1) s
0.2 s(1 + s)
=
, 0.2 14 dB
2
( s + 100)
(1 + s /100) 2
(b)
H( s ) =
(c)
200 s 2 + 45s + 200 ( s + 5)( s + 40) 200(1 + s / 5)(1 + s / 40)

H( s ) = s + 45 +
=
=
=
, 200 46 dB
s
s
s
s
10 March 2006
57.
H( s ) =
VC (20 + 2 s)(182 + 200 / s)

200 / s
=
IR
202 + 2 s + 200 / s
182 + 200 / s
400( s + 10)
200(10 + s )
=
2
2( s + 101s + 100) (1 + s)(100 + s )
20(1 + s /10)
H( s ) =
, 20 26 dB
(1 + s )(1 + s /100)
=
10 March 2006
58.
5 108 s ( s + 100)
2.5s (1 + s /100)
=
, 2.5 8dB
3
( s + 20)( s + 1000)
(1 + s / 20)(1 + s /1000)3
(a)
H( s ) =
(b)
Corners: = 20, 34 dB;

= 100, 34 dB;
= 1000, 54 dB
Intercepts: 0 dB, 2.5 = 1, = 0.4
2.5 ( /100)
2.52 (20)109
= 1, 8dB; 0 dB,
=
= 1 = 22,360 rad/s
( / 20)( /1000)3
1003
(c)
Corners: = 20, 31.13dB

= 100, 36.69 dB H dB = 20 log 2.5
1 + ( /100) 2
[1 + ( / 20) 2 ][1 + ( /1000) 2 ]3
= 1000, 44.99 dB
10 March 2006
59.
(a)
(b)
H( s ) =
5 108 s ( s + 100)
2.5s (1 + s /100)
=
,
3
( s + 20)( s + 1000)
(1 + s / 20)(1 + s /1000)3
= 2 : = 90
= 10 : = 90 45 + 45 log
10
= 58.5
20
100
100
+ 45 + 45 log
= 58.5
20
100
200
200
= 200 : = 90 90 + 45 + 45 log
3 45 + 45 log
= 17.9
100
100
= 100 : = 90 45 + 45 log
1000
= 45
1000
= 10, 000 : = 90 90 + 90 3 90 = 180
= 1000 : = 90 90 + 90 3 45 + 45 log
(c)
= 2 : = 90 + tan 1 0.02 tan 1 0.1 3 tan 1 0.002 = 85.09

= 10 : = 90 + tan 1 0.1 tan 1 0.5 3 tan 1 0.01 = 67.43
= 100 : = 90 + tan 1 1 tan 1 5 3 tan 1 0.1 = 39.18
= 200 : = 90 + tan 1 2 tan 1 10 3 tan 1 0.2 = 35.22
= 1000 : = 90 + tan 1 10 tan 1 50 3 tan 1 1 = 49.56
= 10, 000 : = 90 + tan 1 100 tan 1 500 3 tan 1 10 = 163.33
10 March 2006
60.
(a)
20 400 s 2 + 20 s + 400
+ 2 =
s
s
s2
1 + 2 0.5( s / 20) + ( s / 20) 2
= 400
s2
o = 20, = 0.5
H( s ) = 1 +
Hdb
20 log 400 = 52dB

Correction at o is 20 log 2 = 0 dB
(b)
= 5 : H dB = 52 2 20 log 5 = 24.0 dB (plot)

H dB = 20 log 1 16 + j 4 = 23.8dB (exact)
= 100 : H dB = 0 dB (plot)
H dB = 20 log 1 0.04 + j 0.2 = 0.170 dB (exact)
(c)
10 March 2006
61.
(a)
(b)
H( s ) =
VR
25
25s
=
=
=
2
V5 10 s + 25 + 1000 / s 10 s + 25s + 1000
1 s s
1 + 2 +
8 10 10
1
o = 10, = 1/ 8 correction = 20 log 2 = 12 dB
8
0.025 32 dB
HdB
(c)
0.025s
= 20, H( j 20) =
ang(H)
j 0.5
H dB = 15.68 dB H( j 20) = 80.54
1 4 + j 0.5
10 March 2006
62.
1st two stages, H1 ( s ) = H 2 ( s ) = 10; H 3 ( s ) =
1/(50 103 106 )

20
=
3
6
s + 1/(200 10 10 ) s + 5
20 400
H( s ) = (10)(10)
=
s + 5 1+ s / 5
400 52 dB
63.
(a)
10 March 2006
1st stage: C1 A = 1 F, R1 A = , R fA = 105 H A (S) = R fA C1 A s = 0.1 s

2nd stage: R 1B = 105 , R fB = 105 , C fB = 1 F H B ( s ) =
1/ R1B C fB
s + 1/ R fB C fB
1/(105 106 )
10
=
5
6
s + 1/(10 10 )
s + 10
3rd stage: same as 2nd
H B (s) =
0.1s
10 10
H( s ) = (0.1s )
=
(1 + s /10) 2
s + 10 s + 10
20log10(0.1) = -20 dB
(b)
(c)
64.
10 March 2006
An amplifier that rejects high-frequency signals is required. There is some ambiguity in

the requirements, as social conversations may include frequencies up to 50 kHz, and
echolocation sounds, which we are asked to filter out, may begin below this value.
Without further information, we decide to set the filter cutoff frequency at 50 kHz to
ensure we do not lose information. However, we note that this decision is not necessarily
the only correct one.
Our input source is a microphone modeled as a sinusoidal voltage source having a peak
amplitude of 15 mV in series with a 1- resistor. Our output device is an earphone
modeled as a 1-k resistor. A voltage of 15 mV from the microphone should correspond
to about 1 V at the earphone according to the specifications, requiring a gain of 1000/15
= 66.7.
Rf
= 66.7 - 1 = 65.7
If we select a non-inverting op amp topology, we then need
R1
Arbitrarily choosing R1 = 1 k, we then need Rf = 65.7 k. This completes the
amplification part. Next, we need to filter out frequencies greater than 50 kHz.
Placing a capacitor across the microphone terminals will short out high frequencies.
1
We design for c = 2fc = 2(50103) =
. Since Rmic = 1 , we require
Rmic C filter
Cfilter = 3.183 F.
65.
10 March 2006
We choose a simple series RLC circuit. It was shown in the text that the gain of the
RC
.
circuit with the output taken across the resistor is AV =
1
2
2
2 2 2 2
1 - LC + R C
This results in a bandpass filter with corner frequencies at
[(
c =
L
-RC + R 2 C 2 + 4 LC
2 LC
and
c =
H
RC + R 2 C 2 + 4 LC
2 LC
If we take our output across the inductor-capacitor combination instead, we obtain the
opposite curve- i.e. a bandstop filter with the same cutoff frequencies. Thus, we want
-RC + R 2 C 2 + 4 LC
2(20) =
and 2(20103) =
2 LC
RC + R 2 C 2 + 4 LC
2 LC
Noting that cH cL = R/L = 125.5 krad/s, we arbitrarily select R = 1 k, so that L =

7.966 mH. Returning to either cutoff frequency expression, we then find C = 7.950 F
PSpice verification. The circuit
performs as required, with a
lower corner frequency of about
20 Hz and an upper corner
frequency of about 20 kHz.
66.
10 March 2006
We choose a simple RC filter topology:
Vout
1
=
Vin 1 + jRC
Vout
1
. We desire a cutoff
=
2
Vin
1 + (RC )
frequency of 1 kHz, and note that this circuit does indeed act as a low-pass filter (higher
frequency signals lead to the capacitor appearing more and more as a short circuit).
Thus,
1
1
=
=
where c = 2fc = 2000 rad/s.
2
2
1 + ( c RC )
Where
and
hence
A small amount of algebra yields 1 + [2(1000)RC]2 = 2 or 2000RC = 1. Arbitrarily

setting R = 1 k, we then find that C = 159.2 nF. The operation of the filter is verified in
the PSpice simulation below:
67.
10 March 2006
We are not provided with the actual spectral shape of the noise signal, although the
reduction to 1% of its peak value (a drop of 40 dB) by 1 kHz is useful to know. If we
place a simple high-pass RC filter at the input of an op amp stage, designing for a pole at
2.5 kHz should ensure an essentially flat response above 25 kHz, and a 3 dB reduction at
2.5 kHz. If greater tolerance is required, the 40 dB reduction at 1 kHz allows the pole to
be moved to a frequency even closer to 1 kHz. The PSpice simulation below shows a
1
filter with R = 1 k (arbitrarily chosen) and C =
= 63.66 nF .
2 (2.5 10 3 )(1000)
At a frequency of 25 kHz, the filter shows minimal gain reduction, but at 1 kHz any
signal is reduced by more than 8 dB.
We therefore design a simple non-inverting op amp circuit such as the one below, which
with Rf = 100 k and R1 = 1 k, has a gain of 100 V/V. In simulating the circuit, a gain
of approximately 40 dB at 25 kHz was noted, although the gain dropped at higher
frequencies, reaching 37 dB around 80 kHz. Thus, to completely assess the suitability of
design, more information regarding the frequency spectrum of the failure signals would
be required.
68.
10 March 2006
We select a simple series RLC circuit with the output taken across the resistor to serve as
a bandpass filter with 500 Hz and 5000 Hz cutoff frequencies. From Example 16.12, we
know that
R
1
c L = +
R 2C 2 + 4LC = 2 (500)
2L 2LC
and
R
1
cH =
+
R 2C 2 + 4LC = 2 (5000)
2L 2LC
With cH - cL = 2p(5000 500) = R/L, we (arbitrarily) select R = 1 k, so that L

= 35.37 mH. Substituting these two values into the equation for the high-frequency
cutoff, we find that C = 286.3 nF. We complete the design by selecting R1 = 1 k and Rf
= 1 k for a gain of 2 (no value of gain was specified). As seen in the PSpice simulation
results shown below, the circuit performs as specified at maximum gain (6 dB or 2 V/V),
with cutoff frequencies of approximately 500 and 5000 KHz and a peak gain of 6 dB.
69.
10 March 2006
For this circuit, we simply need to connect a low-pass filter to the input of a noninverting op amp having Rf/R1 = 9 (for a gain of 10). If we use a simple RC filter, the
cutoff frequency is
1
c =
= 2 (3000)
RC
Selecting (arbitrarily) R = 1 k, we find C = 53.05 nF. The PSpice simulation below
shows that our design does indeed have a bandwidth of 3 kHz and a peak gain of 10 V/V
(20 dB).
70.
10 March 2006
We require four filter stages, and choose to implement the circuit using op amps to isolate each filter subcircuit. Selecting a bandwidth of 1 rad/s (no specification was given) and a simple RLC filter as suggested
in the problem statement, a resistance value of 1 leads to an inductor value of 1 H (bandwidth for this
type of filter = H L = R/L). The capacitance is found by designing each filters respective resonant
frequency ( 1 LC ) at the desired notch frequency. Thus, we require CF1 = 10.13 F, CF2 = 2.533 F,
CF3 = 1.126 F and CF4 = 633.3 nF.
The Student Version of PSpice will not permit more than 64 nodes, so that the total solution must be
simulated in two parts. The half with the filters for notching out 50 and 100 Hz components is shown
below; an additional two op amp stages are required to complete the design.
71.
10 March 2006
Using the series RLC circuit suggested, we decide to design for a bandwidth of 1 rad/ s
(as no specification was provided). With H L = R/ L, we arbitrarily select R = 1 so
that L = 1 H. The capacitance required is obtained by setting the resonant frequency of
the circuit ( 1 LC ) equal to 60 Hz (120 rad/s). This yields C = 7.04 F.
vin
vout
1
1H
7.04 F

Chapter 16 Solutions To Exercises - Circuit Analysis and Design

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Chapter 16 Solutions To Exercises - Circuit Analysis and Design

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Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

We have a parallel RLC with R = 1 k, C = 47 F and L = 11 mH.

(c) The circuit is excited by a steady-state 1-mA sinusoidal source:

The admittance Y(s) facing the source is Y(s) = 1/R + 1/sL + sC

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

(a) R = 1000 and C = 1 F.

(c) R = 121.7 k and L = 100 pH

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

We take the approximate expression for Q of a varactor to be

1 2 Cj2 Rp Rs = 0. Thus, o = (Cj2 RpRs)

= 129.4 Mrad/s = 21.00 MHz

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Determine Q for (dropping onto a smooth concrete floor):

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

= 80Np/s, d = 1200 rad/s, Z(2 + j d ) = 400

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Parallel: R = 106 , L = 1, C = 106 , Is = 100 A

Y = 106 + j 106 , V = = 105 /103 103 + j

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

= 50 s 1 , d = 1000 s 1 o2 = 2 + d2 = 1, 002,500 o = 1001.249

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

L max / L min = 3; L max C =

2 1605 103 20 103 C = 45 C = 223.1pF

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Apply 1V. IR = 104 A

At = o , 1000 = 48.4 108 o2 , o = 45.45 krad/s

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

o = 1000 rad/s, Qo = 80, C = 0.2 F

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

o = 30 krad/s, Qo = 10, R = 600 ,

Zin(j28 000) = 600 / (1 j1.333) = 360 53.13o

Zin ( j 28, 000) =

Engineering Circuit Analysis, 7th Edition

Chapter Sixteen Solutions

f o = 400 Hz, Qo = 8, R = 500 , IS = 2 103 A B = 50 Hz

V = 2 103 500 / 1 + N 2 = 0.5 1 + N 2 = 4, N = 3 =

f = 400 25 3 = 443.3 and 356.7 Hz

f = 400 25 15 = 496.8 and 303.2 Hz