A function is a system by which the elements of one set are all assigned to exactly one element of

another set. A function may take real numbers and, according to some rule, assign them all to an
integer value. A function like this might, for example, round every real number up to the nearest
integer. Thus, 1.2, 1.009, and 2 would all be rounded up to 2. The set of real numbers is called the
domain of this function, and the set of integers is called the range. The elements of the domain are
the inputs of the function, and the elements of the range are the outputs. To go from an input to an
output, a rule is needed--in this case, the rule is that every real number shall be rounded up to the
nearest integer.
The trig functions are very important in technical subjects like science, engineering, architecture, and
even medicine. You will come across them all the time so it's worth learning them well!

Surveying is one of the many applications. Road makers, bridge builders and those whose job it is to
get buildings in the right place all use trigonometry in their daily work.

For more applications and examples of trigonometry in Interactive Mathematics, check out the many
Uses of Trigonometry. See also: Math Tips - Trigonometry.

In this chapter we start by explaining the basic trigonometric functions using degrees (), and in the
later part of the chapter we will learn about radians and how they are used in trigonometry.

Chapter 7 Paris to Berlin

(1885-87)

Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology

-He chose this branch because he wanted to cure his mothers eye ailment

He also continued his travels and observations of European life and customs,
government and laws in Paris, Heidelberg, Leipzig and Berlin

In Berlin, Jose met and befriended several top German scientists, Dr. Feodor Jagor,
Dr. Adolph B. Meyer and Dr. Rudolf Virchow

After his studies in Central University of Madrid, Rizal, who was 24 years old and
already a physician, went to Paris in order to acquire more knowledge in
ophthalmology

Maximo Viola(Barcelona) a medical student and a member of rich family of San

Miguel, Bulacan

Seor Eusebio Corominas editor of the newspaper La Publicidad

Miguel Morayta owner of La Publicidad and a statesman

Carolines Question an article Rizals gave to Editor Corominas; a controversial

issue for publication

November 1885 he was living in Paris

Dr. Louis de Weckert(1852-1906) leading French ophthalmologist where Rizal

worked as an assistant about four months

January 1, 1886 - Rizal wrote a letter for his mother to reveal that he was rapidly
improved his knowledge in ophthalmology

Rizal relaxed by visiting his friends, such as the family of the Pardo de
Taveras(Trinidad, Felix, and Paz), Juan Luna and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo

Juan Luna the great master of brush; Rizal helped him by posing as model in
several paintings:
1. the Death of Cleopatra, Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest
2. the Blood Compact, Rizal posed as Sikatuna

Rizal had no natural aptitude for music, and this he admitted. He studied music only
because many of his schoolmates at Ateneo were taking music lessons

In a letter dated November 27, 1878, he told Enrique Lete that he learned the
solfeggio, piano, and voice culture in one month and a half.

He was a flutist in various impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris

Some of his compositions are:

Alin Mang Lahi(Any Race) a patriotic song which asserts that any race aspires for
freedom
La Deportacion(Deportation) a sad danza, composed in Dapitan during his exile

February 1, 1886 left gay Paris

February 3, 1886 arrived in Heidelberg(a historic city in Germany famous for its
old university and romantic surroundings

Rizal was a good chess player and became a member of Chess Players Club

He became popular among German students because he joined them in their chess
games and beer-drinking and watched their friendly saber duels

He worked at the University of Heidelberg under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker,
German ophthalmologist

He was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the cool banks of the Neckar River

The light blue forget-me-not his favorite flower

April 22, 1886 he wrote a fine poem A Las Flores de Heidelberg(To the Flowers of
Heidelberg)

Wilhelmsfeld - where Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation

Protestant Pastor Dr. Karl Ullmer - where Rizal stay at the vicarage of their house
and who become his good friend and admirer

May 29, 1887 - Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz)

July 31, 1886 - Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Blumentritt

August 6, 1886 - fifth centenary of Heidelberg University

August 9, 1886 - Rizal left Heidelberg

August 14, 1886 - when he arrived in Leipzig

Leipzig - Rizal translated Schillers William Tell from German into Tagalog. He also
translated Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Anderson. He stayed about two and half
month in Leipzig

October 29, 1886 - he left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr. Meyer

Dr. Adolph B. Meyer director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum

Nov. 1 - he left Dresden by train, reaching Berlin in the evening

Berlin - where Rizal met Dr. Teodor Jagor

Dr. Feodor Jagor - author of Travels in the Philippines

Dr. Hans Virchow professor of Descriptive Anatomy

Dr. Rudolf Virchow German Anthropologist

Dr. W. Joest - noted German geographer

Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger - famous German ophthalmologist where Jose worked in
his clinic

Rizal became a member of the

Anthropological Society
Ethnological Society
Geographical Society of Berlin

Five reasons why Rizal lived in Germany:

Gain further knowledge of ophthalmology

Further his studies of sciences and languages
Observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation
Associate with famous German scientists and scholars
Publish his novel, Noli me Tangere

Madame Lucie Cerdole - French professor; she became Joses professor in Berlin. He
took private lessons in French in order to master the idiomatic intricacies of the
French language

March 11, 1886 - Rizal wrote a letter addressed to his sister, Trinidad, expressing his
high regard and admiration for German womanhood

German woman - serious, diligent, educated and friendly

Spanish woman - gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome

Christmas custom of the Germans

Self-introduce to stranger in social gathering

Winter of 1886 Rizals darkest winter in Berlin.

He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba. Rizal starved in Berlin
and shivered with wintry cold, his health down due to lack of proper nourishment

View of the modernized building where Dr. Rizal had resided in Berlin

Noli Me Tangere: Summary and Analysis of

Chapter 8 (Recollections)
Summary:
From Captain Tiago's house, after a heartwarming conversation with Maria Clara, Ibarra continues on his
way to the town of San Diego. In all of the places he passes through he notices no change in them since
he left seven years ago.
Points of Note:
This is a chapter that describes the country's lack of progress during those days. Rizal allows the reader
to concretely visualize the scenes and looks of the native towns, and is actually one of his greatest
contributions to the history and heritage of Manila.
There are a lot of passages in this chapter, that abstractly define the principles to be lived by in the
ancient day and age, as well as in today's modern times:
"The come to our lands searching for gold, and you go to theirs to look for the gold that we
need." This passage explains that while Spaniards hoard the gold of the land, Filipinos should also travel
to Spain and get an education abroad in order to acquire the wealth of knowledge.
"But keep in mind: Not all that sparkles is gold." This was told to continue the passage above, to
suggest that not all that Spain teaches is right and true. One must learn to choose only to remember
knowledge that is useful and valuable.