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1. Real Number
2. Polynomial
3. Pair of Linear Equations
in Two Variable
4. Quadratic Equation
5. Arithmetic Progression
6. Triangle
7. Coordinate Geometry
8. Introduction to
Trigonometry

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Frustum of a Cone

Frustum of a Cone
A solid is obtained by cutting a right circular cone by a plane parallel to the
base of the cone. Such a solid is called a Frustum. We shall discuss
problems on finding the volume and surface area of a frustum of a right
circular cone.

Bucket

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Flower Pot Drinking glass Table lamp

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Definition

Right circular cone VAB is cut by a plane AOB parallel to its circular base
AOB. This gives the solid AAOB BOA which is the frustum of right circular
cone VAB. The circular faces AOB and AOB are called the circular ends of
the Frustum.
Let us now define height, lateral (slant) height of the frustum.
Height
The height or thickness of a frustum is the perpendicular distance between
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its two ends.

OO is the height of the frustum of a cone.
Slant Height
The slant height of a frustum of a right circular cone is the length of the line
segment joining the extremities of two parallel radii, drawn in the same
direction, of the circular ends.
AA = BB is the slant height of the frustum.
Volume and Surface Area of a Frustum
Let R and r be the radii of two circular ends and h be the height of a
frustum of a right circular cone Let l be the slant height of the frustum.
Clearly, triangles VOA and VOA are similar.
=

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H=

and L =

From right angled triangle AMA, we have

AA2 = AM2 + AM2
l2 = (R - r)2 + h2
l=
Let V be the volume of the frustum. Then,
V = Volume of cone VAB Volume of cone VAB
V = R2H - r2(H - h)
V = {R2H - r2(H - h)}
V = {(R2
V= (

) - (r2

)}

[Q H =

H - h=

)h

V = (R2 +Rr+r2)h
Let S be the lateral surface area of the frustum. Then,
S = Lateral surface area of cone VAB Lateral surface area of cone VAB
= RL - r(L - l)
=R
- r
[ L=
; L-l=
]
=(
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)l
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= (R + r)l
Total surface area of the frustum = Lateral surface area + Surface area of
its circular ends
= (R + r)l + R2 + r2
= [(R + r)l + R2 + r2]
Thus, if R and r are the radii of the circular ends of a frustum of a cone, h is
the height and l is the slant height, then
Volume of the frustum = (R2 + Rr + r2)h
Lateral surface area = (R + r)l
Total surface area = [(R + r)l + R2 + r2]
Slant height =
Let us now discuss some examples:
Example
If the radii of the circular ends of a conical bucket are 28 cm and 7 cm,
whose height is 45 cm. Find the capacity of the bucket (Use =

).

Solution
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Clearly, bucket forms a frustum of a cone such that the radii of its
circular ends are R = 28 cm, r = 7 cm and height is = 45 cm.
Therefore,Capacity of the bucket = Volume of the frustum
= h (R2 + Rr + r2)
=

45(282 + 72 + 28 7)
= 22 15 (28 4 + 7 + 28)
= 330 147 cm3
= 48510 cm3.

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Example
The radii of the circular ends of a frustum of height 6 cm are 14 cm and 6
cm respectively. Find the lateral surface area and total surface area of
the frustum.
Solution

R = 14 cm, r = 6 cm and h = 6 cm.

Let l be the slant height of the frustum. Then,
l=
l=
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= 10 cm.
Lateral surface area = (R + r)l
= (14 + 6)10 cm2
= 628.57 cm2
Total surface area = [(R + r)l + R2 + r2]
= (200 + 196 + 36) cm2
= 432 cm2
= 1357.71 cm2.
Example
A bucket is in the form of a frustum of a cone and holds 28.490 litres of
water. The radii of the top and bottom are 28 cm and 21 cm respectively.
Find the height of the bucket.
Solution

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Let the height of the bucket be h cm.

We have, R = 28 cm, r = 21 cm and,
V = Volume of the bucket = 28.490 litres = 28.490 1000 cm3 = 28490
cm3.
V = 28490 cm3.
(R2 + Rr + r2)h = 28490
= 28490
h=
h = 15 cm.
Thus, height of the bucket = 15 cm.
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Example
A friction clutch is in the form of a frustum of a cone the diameters of the
ends being 32 cm and 20 cm and length 8 cm. Find its bearing surface and
volume.
Solution
Let ABBA be the friction clutch of slant height l cm.

We have,R = 16 cm, r = 10 cm and h = 8 cm.

l2 = h2 + (R - r)2
2

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l2 = 64 + (16 - 10)2
= 64 + (6)2
= 64 + 36 = 100 cm
l = 10 cm
Bearing surface of the clutch = Lateral surface of the frustum
= (R + r)l
= (16 + 10)10 cm2
=

(26)10
= 817.14 cm2.

Volume = (R2 + Rr + r2)h

=

8(162 + 16 10 + 102) cm3

8(256 + 160 + 100) cm3

= 4324.57 cm3.
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