CHAPTER-8

Distribution Transformers above 100 kVA

1.0 Outdoor Type Three-Phase 11 kV/433-250 V Distribution Transformers upto and including 100 kVA.
1.1 Scope:
This section covers oil-immersed, naturally cooled, three-phase, 50 Hz, double-wound, outdoor type distribution
transformers of capacities above 100 kVA for use on systems with nominal voltages of 33 kV, 11 kV.

kVA

Voltage Ratio
250
500
630

11000/433

630
1000
1600

33000/433

2000
2.0 STANDARDS:
2.1 The materials shall conform in all respect to the relevant Indian / International Standard Specification, with
latest amendments thereof, some them are listed below:

Indian Standard

Title

International &
Internationally recognized standard

ISS-2026/1977

Specification for Power

IEC 76

Transformer
ISS1866/10593/9434

Outdoor distribution

6792/2362

above 100 kVA

ISS-335/1983

Specification for Oil

BS148

REC Specification

ASTM D-1275

39/1993

D-1473, D-15331934
IEC Pub 296-1969

ISS-2099-1973

Specification for High voltage

Porcelain Bushings
ISS-7421/1976

Specification for Low voltage

bushings

ISS-3347

ISS-12444

ISS-5484

Specification
for Outdoor DIN 42531 to 33
Bushings
Specification
for Cu Wire ASTM B 49
rods
Specification
for Al Wire ASTM B 233
rods

ISS-5/1961 No. 632 Specification for Colors for ready

mixed paints
ISS-6600/1972

Guide for loading of oil immersed

Transformers

Material conforming to other internationally accepted standards, which ensure equal or higher quality than the
standards mentioned above would also be acceptable. In case the Bidders who wish to offer material conforming to
the other standards, salient points of difference between the standards adopted and the specific standards shall be
clearly brought out in relevant schedule. Four copies of such standards with authentic English Translations shall be
furnished alongwith the offer.
3. SERVICE CONDITIONS
The distribution transformers to be supplied against this Specification shall be suitable for satisfactory continuous
operation under the following climatic conditions as per IS:2026 (Part I) Latest Revision

i.

Location:

At various locations in the

country

ii.

Max ambient air

temperature (Deg. C) : 50

iii.

Min ambient air

temperature (Deg. C) : -5

iv.

Max average daily ambient

air temperature (deg. C) : 40

v.

Max. Yearly weighed average

ambient temperature (Deg. C) : 32

vi.

Max. Altitude above mean

sea level (Meters) : 1000

4.0 Type of Cooling

The transformers shall be oil immersed with natural air circulation type-ONAN.
5.0 Insulation Levels

Voltage

433

Impulse

Power Frequency

Voltage

Voltage

(kV Peak)

(kV)

11000

75

28

33000

170

70

6.0 Tappings and Tap Changing

6.1 Tappings shall be provided on the higher voltage winding for variation of HV voltage as under:
Voltage ratio Range of variation
11000/433 + 3 to -9 percent
33000/433 + 3 to -9 percent
6.2 Tap changing shall be carried out by means of an off circuit externally operated self-positioning switch and
when the transformer is in deenergised condition. Switch Position No. 1 shall correspond to the maximum plus
tapping. Each tap change shall result in variation of 3 percent in voltage. Provision shall be made for locking the
tap changing switch handle in position.
7.0 OIL
The insulating oil shall comply with the requirements of relevant standards IS:335 / 1993 or BS:148 or REC
39/1993. Oil shall be filled under vacuum.
8.0 Winding Connections
HV----------------Delta, LV---------star
Vector Symbol----------Dy 11

9.0 Winding Conductor Material

Winding conductor material shall be Aluminium or copper, Statutory directives prohibiting use of copper shall also
be taken into account. The copper/aluminium used shall be double paper covered with 50% percent overalap.
10.0 Losses and Impedance
(Subject to tolerance as per IS 2026)
Rating

Voltage

No-load

Load

Impedance*

(kVA)

ratio

loss

loss*

(percent)

(Volts)

(Watts)

(Watts)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------250

620

3700

500 11000/433

1100

6500

630

1200

7500

630

1450

7500

2200

11500

1600

3000

16000

6.25

2000

3500

21000

6.25

1000

33000/433

*Correspond to reference temperature of 75 C.

However, the manufacturer can offer losses less than above. The offer will be evaluated as per the loss evaluation
formula given in REC, K-5 Standard as amended up to date.
Loss capitalization factor for 2001-2002 may to taken as follows:

1. Iron loss Rs.2, 17, 515/kW

2. Copper loss Rs.28, 772/kW
11.0 Overfluxing
The transformer shall be suitable for overfluxing (due to combined effect of voltage and frequency) up to 12.5
percent on any tapping without injurious heating at full load conditions.
The maximum flux density in any part of the core under such condition shall not exceed 1.9 Tesla. The supplier
shall furnish necessary design data in support of this stipulation.
12.0 Core Material : CRGO or Amorphous Metal
13.0 Terminals
The terminals shall be provided as under:

Notes: (i) Alternatively 433 volt terminal could be provided with 1.1 kV bushing as per IS : 3747 for normally
polluted atmosphere.

i.

Alternatively 433 volts terminal case provided with 1.1 kV bushing

suitable for bus duct connections.

ii.
iii.

P and G denote `Pole' and `Gland' respectively.

Epoxy may also be used as the filling medium instead of bitumen compound

14.0 Loading
In accordance with IS : 6600 ---1972, the transformer shall be capable of being overloaded as per guidance given
in IS: 6600---1972.
15. 0 Terminal Clearances
The minimum clearances shall be as under :

16.0 Limits of Temperature Rise

16.1 The temperature rise shall not exceed the limits of 55C (measured by resistance) for transformer windings
and 45C(measured by thermometer) in top oil when tested in accordance with IS: 2026.
17.0 Fittings

a.
b.
c.
d.

Conservator with drain plug and oil filling hole with blanking plate.
Plain oil gauge.
Silica gel breather- to contain minimum 0.5 kg dehydrated silica gel.
Pressure relief vent:
11 kV - 500 kVA and above

e. Pocket on tank cover for thermometer

f. Valves: (i)Drain valve with plug or cover plate. Upto and including 1600 kVA- 25mm.
(ii) Top filter valve with plug or cover plate 1600 kVA- 25 mm.
(iii)Isolation valves between tank and radiators if the radiators are to be detached for transport.

g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.

Earthing terminals- 2 Nos.

Rating and terminal marking plate
Plain rollers
Lifting plugs.
Air release plug.
Platform lugs.
Oil temperature indicator- 1000 kVA and above.

n. Buchholz relay- 1600 kVA.

o. Inspection cover- 1600 kVA.
Note: (i) Conservator may be without detachable end plate. The sump in the conservator will be 25 mm minimum.
(ii) Breather will be fitted at height not exceeding 1500 mm.
(iii) Rating and terminal marking plate will be fitted at the height of about 1750 mm above ground level .
17.1 Surface preparation and painting of tank
17.2 Steel surface shall be prepared by sand/shot blast or chemical cleaning including phosphating as per IS:3618.
17.2 Heat resistance paint (Hot oil proof) shall be provided inside the tank.
17.3 On external surface one coat of Thermo setting powder paint or two coats of zinc chromate followed by two
coats of synthetic enamel paint of dark admiral gray shade conforming to No. 632 of IS:-5 of 1961 shall be
provided.
18.0 Tests and Inspection
18.1 Routine Tests: All transformers shall be subjected to routine tests at the manufacturers works in accordance
with IS : 2026 and IS : 1180 (Part I).
The following tests are to be carried out:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Measurement of winding resistance

Measurement of voltage ratio and check of voltage vector relationship
Measurement of impedance voltage/short circuit impedance and load-loss
Measurement of no-load loss and current
Measurement of insulation resistance
Induced over-voltage withstand test
Separate-source voltage withstand test.

18.2 Type Tests: In addition to the routine tests, the following type tests may be made as per details in IS 2026.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Lightning impulse-test.
Temperature rise test.
Short-circuit test
Air pressure test
Unbalanced current test: the value of unbalance current shall not be more than 2% of the full load
current.

Note: Purchaser reserves the right to get all or any type test carried out on one sample per 100 unit of transformer
at the cost of supplier from any recognized laboratory / government test house.
18.3 The supplier shall furnish calculations in accordance with IS : 2026 to demonstrate the thermal ability of the
transformers to withstand short-circuit.
19.0 Inspection

19.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacturer unless otherwise especially agreed upon
by the manufacturer and purchaser at the time of purchase. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector
representing the purchaser all reasonable facilities, without charge to satisfy him that the material is being
furnished in accordance with this specification.
19.2 The purchaser has the right to have the tests carried out at his own cost by an independent agency whenever
there is dispute regarding the quality of supply.

GUARANTEED & OTHER PARTICULARS FOR DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

(To be furnished by the Manufacturer)
________________________________________________________________________
Sl. No.

Description

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Make & Manufacturer

2. Place of Manufacture
3. Rated Ratio
i.
ii.

HV (kV)
KV (kV)

4. Rated current
i.
ii.

HV (kV)
KV (kV)

5. Rating in kVA
6. Connections
i.
ii.

HV (kV)
KV (kV)

7. Connection symbol
8. Tapping (if applicable)
i.
ii.

Number of steps
Range of Tapping

9. Core Material used and Grad

a. Flux density
b. Over fluxing without saturation (curve to be furnished by the
Manufacturer in support of his claim)

10. Maximum temperature rise of

a) Windings by resistance method

b. Oil by Thermometer
11. Magnetizing (No Load) Current at
a. Normal voltage
b. Maximum voltage
12. Core loss in watts at 75 deg. C
a. Normal voltage
b. Maximum voltage
13. Resistance of Windings at 20 deg. C
(with 5% tolerance)

a. HV Winding (ohms)
b. LV Winding (ohms)
14. Full load losses (watts) at 75 deg. C
15. Current density used for
a. HV Winding
b. LV Winding
16. Clearances
a. Core & LV
b. LV & HV
c. HV Phase to Phase
d. End insulation clearance to Earth
e. Any point of winding to tank
17. Efficiency at 75 deg.C
a. Unity PF
b. 0.8 PF
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
18. Regulation at
a. Unity PF
b. 0.8 PF at 75 deg.C
19. % Impedance at 75 deg. C
20. Flash test
HV 28 kV/50Hz for 1 minute
LV 3 kV /50 Hz for 1 minute

125% Load
100% Load
75% Load
50% Load
25% Load

21. Over potential Test Double

Voltage & Double frequency for 1 minute

22. Impulse Test

23. Weight content of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Core lamination (min)

Windings (min)
Tank & Fittings
Oil
Oil qty (min)
Total weight

24. Oil Data

1.
2.
3.
4.

Qty for first filling (min)

Grade of oil used
Maker's name
BDV at the time of filling

25. Transformer:
i.
ii.

Overall length x breadth x height

Tank length x breadth x height
1.
Thickness of plates for

a. Side plate (min)

b. Top & bottom plate (min)
26. Radiation:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

27.

28.

Heat dissipation by tank walls exclusive top & bottom

Heat dissipation by cooling tube
Dia & thickness of cooling tube
Whether calculation sheet for selecting cooling area to
ensure that the transformer is capable of giving
continuous rated output without exceeding temperature
rise is enclosed.
Inter layer insulation provided in design for
i.
Top & Bottom layer
ii.
In between all layer
iii. Details of end insulation
iv.
Whether wedges are provide at 50% turns of the HV coil
Insulation materials provided

a. Or conductors (1) HV (2) LV

b. For core
29. Size of the wire used
i.

HV

a)SWG/mm
b)Dia\

ii.

LV a)Strip size

b) No. of conductors in parallel

c) total area of cross section (sq.mm)

30. Is the name plate gives all particulars as required in Tender

31. Particulars of Bushings HV/LV
i.
Maker's Name
Type IS-3347/IS-1180
ii.
iii. Rating as per IS
iv.
Dry power frequency voltage withstand test
v.
Wet power frequency voltage withstand test
32. Medium of free space above oil level for sealed Transformer
33. Particulars of Metal oxide lightning arrester for self protected transformer
34. Particulars of LT circuit breaker for self protected transformers
35. Particulars of 11 kV Fuse arrangement for self protected transformers