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D Alert # 23
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2015/09/03
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Atsushi Nakajima
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Daikinrin Daily Document Alert
D Alert #
20150903-1
23
- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Created byAtsushi Nakajima (@Ats_Nakajima) CC BY 4.0
Search Date
2015/09/03
Minutisphaerales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota): a new order of freshwater

ascomycetes including a new family, Minutisphaeraceae, and two new species from
North Carolina, USA
Bibliographic information
HA Raja, T El-Elimat, NH Oberlies, CA Shearer - , 2015 - Mycol Soc America
URL
http://www.mycologia.org/content/107/4/845.abstract
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Minutisphaera is a recently established genus of freshwater Dothideomycetes characterized by small, globose to subglobose or
apothecioid, erumpent to superficial, brown ascomata; fissitunicate, eight-spored, ovoid to obclavate asci; and 12-septate, clavate to
broadly fusiform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores with or without a gelatinous sheath and filamentous appendages. The genus currently
contains two species: M. fimbriatispora, the type species, and M. japonica. The higher-level phylogenetic relationship of Minutisphaera within
the Dothideomycetes currently is unresolved. To establish the phylogenetic position of Minutisphaera within the Dothideomycetes and
evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of newly collected Minutisphaera-like taxa, we sequenced three rDNA regions18S, ITS1-5.8SITS2 (ITS)
and 28S nuc rDNA, and a protein-coding gene, MCM7, for newly collected strains of Minutisphaera. Based on maximum likelihood and
Bayesian analyses of a combined dataset (18S and 28S) composed of 167 taxa, a more refined dataset (28S and MCM7) comprising 52 taxa
and a separate ITS dataset, and an examination of morphology, we describe and illustrate two new species of Minutisphaera. The
Minutisphaera clade was strongly supported within the Dothideomycetes with likelihood and Bayesian statistics but did not share
phylogenetic affinities with any existing taxonomic group within the Dothideomycetes. We therefore establish a new order, Minutisphaerales,
and new family, Minutisphaeraceae, for this monophyletic clade of freshwater ascomycetes. Chemical analysis of the organic extract M.
aspera (G427) resulted in isolation and characterization of five known secondary metabolites, of which four were dipeptides (14) and one
an aromatic polyketide (5). Conversely, two aromatic polyketides (5, 6) were isolated and identified from the organic extract of M.
Comment (brief comment in Japanese)
Related taxa
(extracted from title and abstract/summary)
Keywords(auto-indexed)
/polyketides, /new
family, /new species,
/new order, /freshwater
D Alert #
20150903-2
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Diversity of Marine-Derived Fungal Cultures Exposed by DNA Barcodes: The

Algorithm Matters
DNA
N Andreakis, L Hj, P Kearns, MR Hall, G Ericson - PloS one, 2015 - dx.plos.org
URL
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136130
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Marine fungi are an understudied group of eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by unresolved genealogies and unstable
classification. Whereas DNA barcoding via the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) provides a robust and rapid tool for fungal
species delineation, accurate classification of fungi is often arduous given the large number of partial or unknown barcodes and misidentified
isolates deposited in public databases. This situation is perpetuated by a paucity of cultivable fungal strains available for phylogenetic
research linked to these data sets. We analyze ITS barcodes produced from a subsample (290) of 1781 cultured isolates of marine-derived
fungi in the Bioresources Library located at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). Our analysis revealed high levels of underexplored fungal diversity. The majority of isolates were ascomycetes including representatives of the subclasses Eurotiomycetidae,
Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae and Saccharomycetidae. The phylum
Basidiomycota was represented by isolates affiliated with the genera Tritirachium and Tilletiopsis. BLAST searches revealed 26 unknown
OTUs and 50 isolates corresponding to previously uncultured, unidentified fungal clones. This study makes a significant addition to the
availability of barcoded, culturable marine-derived fungi for detailed future genomic and physiological studies. We also demonstrate the
influence of commonly used alignment algorithms and genetic distance measures on the accuracy and comparability of estimating
Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) by the automatic barcode gap finder (ABGD) method. Large scale biodiversity screening programs that
combine datasets using algorithmic OTU delineation pipelines need to ensure compatible algorithms have been used because the algorithm
Related taxa
DNA/DNA barcoding, Science,
/screening
D Alert #
20150903-3
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Atrokylindriopsis, a new genus of hyphomycetes from Hainan, China, with

relationship to Chaetothyriales
Atrokylindriopsis
YR Ma, JW Xia, JM Gao, XY Li, RFC Ruz - Mycological , 2015 - Springer
URL
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-015-1071-x
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Atrokylindriopsis setulosa gen. et sp. nov. produces pigmented, septate, setulate conidia that are attached to the monophialidic
conidiogenous cells of unbranched, brown, macronematous conidiophores at the midpoint of their long side during conidiogenesis, giving the
appearance of a T. Internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial 28S rDNA sequences indicate placement of Atrokylindriopsis in the
Chaetothyriales.
Related taxa
/Hainan, /new genus,
/China
D Alert #
20150903-10
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Taxonomic relationships among non-macrocystidiate taxa of Lactarius subg.

Russularia from Europe with special reference to species from Greece
Russularia
M Triantafyllou, E Polemis, Z Gonou-Zagou - Mycological , 2015 - Springer
URL
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-015-1101-8
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Members of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactarius form symbiotic relationships with a wide range of plant species. For the purposes
of this study, 29 specimens originally assigned to L. atlanticus, L. serifluus and L. subumbonatus were examined by including all pertinent
available material from Greece. The detailed study of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics by using compound optical, differential
interference contrast (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy in combination with molecular approaches (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequencing)
permitted a clear separation between L. atlanticus and L. subumbonatus, while their basidiospore shape and height of ornamentation were
found to be of diagnostic value. Moreover, the morphological delimitation between the specimens identified as L. serifluus and L.
subumbonatus is not clear, and these specimens were intermixed into the same phylogenetic cluster with high support. Thus, the latter
name should be considered as a synonym of the former. As concerns other related taxa of L. subg. Russularia, the American L. rubidus and
L. subserifluus demonstrated relatively high evolutionary affinity with European collections of L. serifluus/L. subumbonatus and L. atlanticus,
respectively.
Related taxa
/Greece, /synonym,
/Lactarius, /sequencing
D Alert #
20150903-12
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Gravireception in Phycomyces: Threshold Determination on the Sounding Rocket

TEXUS 50
TEXUS 50
W Schmidt - Journal of Modern Physics, 2015 - scirp.org
URL
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=59222
Abstract/Summary
Under parabolic flight conditions microgravity is not lower than 3 to 5 times 10-2 g. In contrast to parabolic flights, sounding rocket flights
are virtually vibrational-free allowing microgravity as low as 10-5 g. Thus, a rotating platform serving as centrifuge allows the precise
generation of gravitational forces ranging from 5 to 100 mg (not possible during parabolic flights). On this basis we determined the
threshold1 for optical reflection/absorption changes in Phycomyces to be lower than 25 10-3 g. This compares well with the threshold
determination of gravitropism in Phycomyces on a clinostat centrifuge. Kinetics of gravity-induced absorption changes and gravity as
generated by the on-board centrifuge do not coincide but show a distinctive hysteresis with a latency of 4 s (75 mg-ramp, pull-up).
Related taxa
D Alert #
20150903-14
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Identification of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot of apple in Poland and their
direct detection in apple fruit using multiplex PCR
bull's eye rotNeofabraeaPCR
M Michalecka, H Bryk, A Poniatowska - Plant , 2015 - Wiley Online Library
URL
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppa.12449/abstract
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Based on partial sequence analysis of the -tubulin gene, 19 isolates of fungi causing bull's eye rot on apple in Poland were
classified into species: Neofabraea alba, N. perennans and N. kienholzii. To our knowledge the detection of N. kienholzii is the second in
Europe and the first in Poland. Species affiliation of these fungi was confirmed by the new species-specific multiplex PCR assay developed on
the basis of the previously published methods. The new protocol allowed for the specific identification of bull's eye rot-causing species, both
from pure cultures and directly from the skin of diseased or apparently healthy apples. In 550 samples of diseased fruits collected from nine
cold storage rooms located in three regions of Poland, in 2011 and 2012, N. alba was detected as the predominant species causing bull's
eye rot, occurring on average in 94 % of the tested samples. N. perennans was found in a minority of apple samples. N. kienholzii was
found only in two apple samples, while N. malicorticis was not detected in any sample tested. In tests on 120 apparently healthy fruits only
N. perennans was detected in a single sample. The results of genetic diversity analyses of bull's eye rot-causing fungi based on the -tubulin
gene sequence and an ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) -PCR assay with two primers were consistent, showing the expected
segregation of tested isolates with respect to their species boundaries. However, the genetic distance between N. perennans and N.
malicorticis was very low as reported previously. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Related taxa
/Poland
D Alert #
20150903-15
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
DNA-metabarcoding uncovers the diversity of soil-inhabiting fungi in the tropical

island of Puerto Rico
DNA
H Urbina, DG Scofield, M Cafaro, A Rosling - bioRxiv, 2015 - biorxiv.org
URL
http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/08/28/025668.abstract
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Soil fungal communities in tropical regions remain poorly understood. In order to increase the knowledge of diversity of soilinhabiting fungi, we extracted total DNA from top-organic soil collected in seven localities dominated by four major ecosystems in the
tropical island of Puerto Rico. In order to comprehensively characterize the fungal community, we PCR-amplified the ITS2 fungal barcode
using newly designed degenerated primers and varying annealing temperatures to minimize primer bias. Sequencing results, obtained using
Ion Torrent technology, comprised a total of 566,613 sequences after quality filtering. These sequences were clustered into 4,140 molecular
operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) after removing low frequency sequences and rarefaction to account for differences in read depth
between samples. Our results demonstrate that soil fungal communities in Puerto Rico are structured by ecosystem. Ascomycota, followed
by Basidiomycota, dominates the diversity of fungi in soil. Amongst Ascomycota, the recently described soil-inhabiting class
Archaeorhizomycetes was present in all the localities and taxa in this class were among the most commonly observed MOTUs. The
Basidiomycota community was dominated by soil decomposers and ectomycorrhizal fungi with a distribution strongly affected by local
variation to a greater degree than Ascomycota.
Related taxa
/Puerto Rico,
/ectomycorrhizal fungus
D Alert #
20150903-17
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Quelques champignons tonnants de la Guyane franaise
JL CHEYPE - Bull. mycol. bot. Dauphin-Savoie-n, 2015 - jlcheype.free.fr
URL
http://jlcheype.free.fr/articles_guyane/GuyaneFMBDS_218_aout2015.pdf
Abstract/Summary
The author illustrates some curious species, not or rarely illustrated, from French Guiana, collected since2005, during travels of one or two
months in February and March (period of the little summer) and inDecember to study the transition between the rainy and the dry season.
In this article are presented:Lentinula boryana, Clavaria sanguinaria, Caripia montagnei, Deexula subsimplex, Favolaschia oligoporaand
Mycena kermesina.
/French, /French Guiana
Related taxa
D Alert #
20150903-19
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Response to Comment on Global diversity and geography of soil fungi
L Tedersoo, M Bahram, S Plme, S Anslan, T Riit - Science, 2015 - sciencemag.org
URL
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/936.4.short
Abstract/Summary
Schadt and Rosling (Technical Comment, 26 June 2015, p. 1438) argue that primer-template mismatches neglected the fungal class
Archaeorhizomycetes in a global soil survey. Amplicon-based metabarcoding of nine barcode-primer pair combinations and polymerase
chain reaction (PCR)free shotgun metagenomics revealed that barcode and primer choice and PCR bias drive the diversity and composition
of microorganisms in general, but the Archaeorhizomycetes were little affected in the global study. We urge that careful choice of DNA
markers and primers is essential for ecological studies using high-throughput sequencing for identification.
Related taxa
/metagenomics,
/sequencing
D Alert #
20150903-22
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their

taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential
RJ Gruninger, AK Puniya, TM Callaghan, JE Edwards - cadair.aber.ac.uk
URL
http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/29317/FEMSminiReview_DraftforcoAuthorApproval_TMCGGmod.doc?
sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Abstract/Summary
Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian herbivores, where they play an important
role in the degradation of plant material. The Neocallimastigomycota represent the earliest diverging lineage of the zoosporic fungi; however
understanding of the relationships of the different taxa (both genera and species) within this phylum is in need of revision. Issues exist with
the current approaches used for their identification and classification, and recent evidence suggests the presence of several novel taxa
(potential candidate genera) that remain to be characterised. The life cycle and role of anaerobic fungi has been well characterised in the
rumen, but not elsewhere in the ruminant alimentary tract. Greater understanding of the resistant phase(s) of their life cycle is needed, as
is study of their role and significance in other herbivores. Biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi, and their highly active cellulolytic
and hemi-cellulolytic enzymes, has been a rapidly increasing area of research and development in the last decade. The move towards
understanding of anaerobic fungi using omics based (genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic) approaches is starting to yield valuable
insights into the unique cellular processes, evolutionary history, and metabolic capabilities and adaptations within the
Neocallimastigomycota.
Related taxa
D Alert #
20150903-24
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
In vitro antifungal activity of antipsychotic drugs and their combinations with

conventional antifungals against Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria isolates
ScedosporiumPseudallescheria
in vitro
M Homa, L Galgczy, E Tth, L Tth - Medical , 2015 - mmy.oxfordjournals.org
URL
http://mmy.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/26/mmy.myv064.abstract
Abstract/Summary
Abstract In the present study, in vitro antifungal activities of five antipsychotic drugs (i.e., chlorpromazine hydrochloride, CPZ;
trifluoperazine hydrochloride, TPZ; amantadine hydrochloride; R-(-)-deprenyl hydrochloride, and valproic acid sodium salt) and five
conventional antifungal drugs (i.e., amphotericin B, AMB; caspofungin, CSP; itraconazole; terbinafine, TRB and voriconazole, VRC) were
investigated in broth microdilution tests against four clinical and five environmental Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria isolates. When used
alone, phenothiazines CPZ and TPZ exerted remarkable antifungal effects. Thus, their in vitro combinations with AMB, CSP, VRC, and TRB
were also examined against the clinical isolates. In combination with antifungal agents, CPZ was able to act synergistically with AMB and
TRB in cases of one and two isolates, respectively. In all other cases, indifferent interactions were revealed. Antagonism was not observed
between the tested agents. These combinations may establish a more effective and less toxic therapy after further in vitro and in vivo
studies for Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria infections.
Related taxa
/antifungal activity
D Alert #
20150903-25
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Novel in vivo observations on double acting points of luliconazole on Trichophyton

rubrum: an ultrastructural study
Trichophyton rubrumin vivo
K Wakumoto-Nakashima, N Yamada - Medical , 2015 - mmy.oxfordjournals.org
URL
http://mmy.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/26/mmy.myv058.abstract
Abstract/Summary
Abstract Scales from lesional skin of 12 patients with tinea pedis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) to gain an insight into the spatial and morphological changes of dermatophytes after application of a clinical
dosage of topical luliconazole 1% cream (Lulicon cream 1%). In all cases, Trichophyton rubrum was identified. The scales from the lesions
collected before and after topical luliconazole application were fixed with glutaraldehyde and subjected to SEM and TEM. For SEM, fixed
specimens were first placed in 1N-KOH and then post-fixed and observed. SEM showed a swollen appearance of fungal hyphae as an early
change, and then shrinkage of them showing a flattened and twisted appearance as a later change. TEM showed cell wall alterations with
initial development of and accumulation of a granular structure in the outermost layer and subsequent amorphous and electron-lucent
change of the thickened inner part of the cell wall. This is the first report of dramatic morphological changes of T. rubrum before and after
topical luliconazole application in vivo demonstrated by SEM and TEM. We hypothesize that luliconazole has double acting points, on the
plasma membrane and cell wall, of dermatophyte hyphae.
Related taxa
/SEM,
/TEM, /dermatophyte
D Alert #
20150903-26
23

Search Date
2015/09/03
Barcoding and species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Ochroconis and

Verruconis
OchroconisVerruconis
K Samerpitak, AHGG Van Den Ende, JB Stielow - Fungal Biology, 2015 - Elsevier
URL
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614615001476
Abstract/Summary
Abstract The genera Ochroconis and Verruconis (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales) have remarkably high molecular diversity despite
relatively high degrees of phenotypic similarity. Tree topologies, inter-specific and intra-specific heterogeneities, barcoding gaps and
reciprocal monophyly of all currently known species were analyzed. It was concluded that all currently used genes viz. SSU, ITS, LSU, ACT1,
BT2 and TEF1 were unable to reach all gold standard criteria of barcoding markers. They could nevertheless be used for reasonably reliable
identification of species, because the markers, although variable, were associated with large inter-specific heterogeneity. Of the coding
protein-genes, ACT1 revealed highest potentiality as barcoding marker in mostly all parts of the investigated sequence. SSU, LSU, ITS and
ACT1 yielded consistent monophyly in all investigated species, but only SSU and LSU generated clear barcoding gaps. For phylogeny, LSU
was an informative marker, suitable to reconstruct gene-trees showing correct phylogenetic relationships. Cryptic species were revealed
especially in complexes with very high intra-specific variability. When all these complexes will be taxonomically resolved, ACT1 will probably
appear to be the most reliable barcoding gene for Ochroconis and Verruconis.
Related taxa

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D Alert # 23

- the latest mycological papers

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Minutisphaerales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota): a new order of freshwater

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Diversity of Marine-Derived Fungal Cultures Exposed by DNA Barcodes: The

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Atrokylindriopsis, a new genus of hyphomycetes from Hainan, China, with

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Taxonomic relationships among non-macrocystidiate taxa of Lactarius subg.

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Gravireception in Phycomyces: Threshold Determination on the Sounding Rocket

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

bull's eye rotNeofabraeaPCR

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

DNA-metabarcoding uncovers the diversity of soil-inhabiting fungi in the tropical

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Quelques champignons tonnants de la Guyane franaise

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Response to Comment on Global diversity and geography of soil fungi

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

In vitro antifungal activity of antipsychotic drugs and their combinations with

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Novel in vivo observations on double acting points of luliconazole on Trichophyton

Trichophyton rubrumin vivo

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

Daikinrin Daily Document Alert

- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

Barcoding and species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Ochroconis and

Comment (brief comment in Japanese)

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