OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT UAV SITUATION

WITH A FOCUS ON EUROPE

Peter van BLYENBURGH
EUROPEAN UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION
33-1-46.51.88.65 - pvb@euro-uvs.org - www.euro-uvs.org
1

CURRENT SITUATION

EURO UVS is a non-profit association registered with

the Chamber of Commerce in Den Haag, The Netherlands
and operates out of offices in Paris, France
142 Corporate & Institutional Members
in 24 countries on 5 continents
47 Honorary Members (military & CAA) in 13 countries
Recognized as an objective industry representative by :
European MoDs
Eurocontrol
CASA Australia
Transport Canada

WEAO
JAA
FAA

NATO
European CAAs
Canadian DND
S. African MoD-PE

Partnership with AUVSI

2

COUNTRIES REPRESENTED
Qnty: 24
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany

Greece
Israel
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
South Africa

Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Tunisia
Turkey
U.A.E.
UK
USA

Honorary Members = Military & CAA representatives

Honorary Membership facilitates direct contact between international
authorities with simililar UAV-related interests

UAV CLASSIFICATION
For differentiation of currently existing systems.
Not for certification purposes

Tactical

Strategic
Special
Task

RANGE
Micro (m) < 250 gr
< 10 km
Mini
< 25 kg
< 10
Close Range
10 - 30
Short Range
30 - 70
Medium Range
70 - 200
MR Endurance
> 500
Low Alt. Deep Penetrat. > 250
Low Alt. Endurance
> 500
Medium Alt. Long End. > 500

FLIGHT ALT.
250 m
250 *
3.000
3.000
3/5.000
5/8.000
50 - 9.000
3.000
5/8.000

ENDURANCE
1 hour
<2
2-4
3-6
6 - 10
10 - 18
0,5 - 1
> 24
24 - 48

High Alt. Long End.

Stratospheric

> 2000
> 2000

15/5.000
> 20.000

24 - 48
> 48

UCAV
Lethal
Decoys

+/- 1500
300
0 - 500

+/- 10.000
3/4.000
50 - 5.000

+/- 2
3-4
up to 4

4
(* = According to national legal restrictions)

UAV CLASSIFICATION

Airframe Types + Launch & Recovery Methods

TACTICAL UAVs
SPECIAL TASK
LETH DEC UCAV m
u
u

Mini CR SR

MR

u
u

STRATEGIC UAVs
MRE

LADP

Hand-, Weapon-, Air-Launched, Launcher, RATO, Wheels

Skids, Net, Parachute, VTOL, Wheels

MALE

LALE

HALE

STRAT
Rotary Wing

Fixed Wing

Lighter < Air

Optionally Piloted

Wheels Lncher

Wheels

LAUNCH

Wheels Skids

Wheels

RECOVERY

MICRO UAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

Missions

Examples

< 10 kms
< 1 hour
250 m
Hand-launched, Launcher, Weapon-launched,
VTOL
Belly, skids

Civil/Commercial
Military

None yet
Reconnaissance & surveillance (urban),
detection, electronic warfare

Bat
Bee
Black Widow
Epsilon
Hyperav
Kolibri
LADF
Mentor
MicroBat
MicroDot
Midas
MicroStar
Trochoid

USA
Poland
USA
France
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
Germany
USA
USA

NBC

MICRO UAVs

Midas

Black Widow
Lift Augmented
Ducted Fan

EADS-Dornier, Germany
AeroVironment, USA

Epsilon

MicroStar

MicroCraft, USA

Lockheed Martin, USA

Alcore Technologies, France

7

MINI UAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

Missions

Examples

Civil/Commercial

< 10 kms
< 2 hour
500 m
Hand-launched, Launcher, Weapon-launched,
VTOL, Wheels
Belly, skids

Military

Cinema special effects, research, television

broadcasting, aerial photography, agriculture,
environmental, mine detection
Close reconnaissance & surveillance

AeroCam
ASN-15
BackPack
Bertin X
CamBat
CSV-20
CVG 2002
CyberOne
DP4
Dragon Eye
FlyingCam
Javelin
KA-37
KG-35

USA
China
USA
France
Poland
UK
USA
UK
USA
USA
Belgium
USA
Russia
Japan

KG-135
MSV-10
OAV
Pointer
RPH1
RPH2
R-50
Rmax
SurveyCopter
Scout 2000
Swift-Eye
TMD3
YH-300

Japan MATE
Netherlands
Mini
USA
USA
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
France
Germany
UK
France
8
Japan

MINI UAVs

SurveyCopter *

SurveyCopter, France
FlyingCam *

FlyingCam, Belgium
* = Civilian applications only

Scout 2000

EMT, Germany
MATE

ETH Huner

Fokker Aerospace, The Netherlands

9

CLOSE RANGE UAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

Missions

Civil/Commercial

Military
Examples

Ababil II
Albatros 4
Alo
APID
Azimut
Biodrone
Brumby
Camcopter
Canard
Cypher I
Dorna
Exdrone l
Hellfox
Javelin

Iran
Ukraine
Spain
Sweden
France
France
Australia
Austria
Israel
USA
Iran
USA
USA
USA

10 - 30 kms
2 - 4 hours
3.000 m
Hand-launched, launcher, weapon-launched,
VTOL, wheels, ship-towed parachute l
Belly, skids, wheels, parachute
Television broadcasting, aerial photography,
environmental research, research & rescue
Reconnaissance, surveillance, electronic
warfare, mine detection, BC detection
KA-37
Kapothaka
Luna
M-22
Mastiff
MATE
Mercury
Micro-V
Mini-Tucan
Mini-Vanguard
Mirach 20
Observer
Observer 1
Phantom
Pointer

Russia
India
Germany
China
Israel
Netherlds
UK
Israel
Germany
USA
Italy
UK
China
UK
USA

Remez-3
Ukraine
RPG Mk III
Sweden
Scout
Israel
Sheddon
Israel
Scout 2000
Germany
Swallow
USA
Tern
USA
TMD3
France
ThomCopter
France
V-ObserverFrance
Vixen
USA
Yastreb
Bulgaria
W-30
China
Z-2
China
10

CLOSE RANGE UAVs

ThomCopter

Thales Airborne Systems, France

Observer

Cranfield Aerospace & QinetiQ, UK

LUNA

EMT, Germany
Camcopter

Schiebel Elektronische Gerte, Austria11

SHORT RANGE UAVs

Performance

Missions

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

30 - 70 kms
3 - 6 hours
3.000 m
Launcher, VTOL, RATO
Belly, skids, parachute + airbag

Civil/Commercial
Military

None yet
Reconnaissance,
surveillance,
target
acquisition, battle damage assessment,
electronic warfare, NBS detection, mine
detection

Examples
Ababil-T
Aerohawk
Aerolight
Aerosky
ASN-104
AWC Mk II
Blue Horizon
BLSB
Crecerelle
Crecerelle EW
Cypher II
Dragon Warrior
Dogon
Epervier
EyeView
FireBird

Iran
Israel
Israel
Israel
China
Pakistan
Singapore
Croatia
France
France
USA
USA
Turkey
Belgium
Israel
Israel

Fox AT1
Fox AT2
Hodhod
KA-137
Kestrel II
Luna
Mini-Tucan
Mirach 26
Mohadjer II
NasNas
Nearchos
Nishant
Outrider
Pchela/Shmel
Phoenix
Pioneer

France
France
Iran
Russia
Taiwan
Germany
Germany
Italy
Iran
Tunisia
Greece
India
USA
Russia
UK
USA

R-Max
Raven
RPG Mk III
Remez 3
Scimitar
Sender
Sentry
Shmel 2
Sojka III
Spectre
Starbird
Sting II
Strekoza
UAV-X1
Vulture
Yastreb

Japan
UK
Sweden
Ukraine
USA
USA
USA
Russia
Czech Rep.
UK
USA
Israel
Russia
Turkey
South Africa
12
Bulgaria

SHORT RANGE UAVs

Crecerelle

Seamos

Phoenix

EADS-Dornier, Germany

Sagem, France

Sojka III

Fox AT1
BAE Systems, UK

CAC Systmes-EADS, France

VTUL a PVO, Czech Rep.

13

MEDIUM RANGE UAVs

Ababil-S
Aerostar
Albatross
Arch-50
Armor
ASN-105
ASN-206
Bijo
BL-50
CL327
Dogan
Dragonfly
EagleEye
Extender l
FireScout

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

70 - 200 kms
6 - 10 hours
3.000 - 5.000 m
Launcher, VTOL, RATO, wheels, air-launched l
Skids, wheels, parachute + airbag

Performance

Civil/Commercial
Military

None yet
Reconnaissance,
surveillance,
target
acquisition,
battle
damage
assessment,
electronic warfare, NBS detection, mine
detection, artillery correction, communication
relay

Missions

Iran
Israel
Russia
S.Korea
Portugal
China
China
S.Korea
Croatia
Canada
Turkey
USA
USA
USA
USA

Heliwing
Hetel
Hunter
Kirlangic
KZO
Mcke
Nibbio
Nishant
Petit Duc
Pioneer
Prowler
Ranger
Scarab
Seamos
Searcher I

USA
France
Israel
Turkey
Germany
Germany
U.A.E.
India
France
USA
USA
Switzerl.
USA
Germany
Israel

Seeker I
Sentry HP
Shadow 200
Shadow 400
Siva 1 & 2
SkyEye
Sniper
Soar Bird
Sperwer
Tilt-Body
Truck
Tucan
Vigilante
Vulture
W-50
XSR-1

S. Africa
USA
USA
USA
Spain
USA
Israel
China
France
USA
USA
Germany
USA
S. Africa
China
S.Korea

Examples

14

MEDIUM RANGE UAVs

KZO

Sperwer
& Ugglan
Sagem, France

STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany

Ranger

RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland

Mcke

STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany

15

MEDIUM RANGE ENDURANCE UAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

500 kms
10 - 18 hours
5.000 - 8.000 m
Launcher *, RATO, wheels, air-launched l
Wheels, parachute + airbag *

Missions

Civil/Commercial
Military

None yet
Reconnaissance,
surveillance,
target
acquisition, battle damage assessment,
communication relay

Examples

BQM-145A
Fox AT3
Hermes 450S
Hermes 450T
IGNAT
Moyen Duc
Prowler II
Sahin

USA
France
Israel
Israel
USA
France
USA
Turkey

Seeker II
Sea Ferret l
Searcher II
Serce
Shadow 600
Sperwer LE
Super Vulture

South Africa
USA
Israel
Turkey
USA
France
South Africa

16

MEDIUM RANGE ENDURANCE UAVs

Seeker II

Shadow 6000

Kentron, South Africa

Hermes 450S

Elbit Systems - Silver Arrow, Israel

AAI Corp., USA

Fox AT3

CAC Systmes-EADS, France *

17

LOW ALTITUDE DEEP PENETRATION UAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

> 250 kms

0,5 - 1 hour
50 - 5.000 m
Launcher l, RATO
Parachute + airbag

Missions

Civil/Commercial
Military

NA
Reconnaissance, surveillance, battle damage
assessment

Examples

BQM-74C Recce
Camarad
CL-89
CL-289
Mirach 150
Sperwer HV l
Tu-141 Strizh
Tu-143 Reys
Tu-243

USA
France
Canada & Germany
Germany & France
Italy
France
Russia
Russia
Russia
18

LOW ALTITUDE DEEP PENETRATION UAVs

CL289

Mirach 150

TU-300 Korshun

Meteor, Italy

EADS, France & Germany

Tupolev, Russia

19

LOW ALTITUDE ENDURANCE UAVs

Performance

Missions

Examples

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

> 500 kms

> 24 hours
250 - 3.000 m
Launcher, wheels
Skids, in-flight wing snatch l

Civil/Commercial
Military

Meteorology, atmospheric & environmental

research
NA

Aerosonde
Laima
Seascan l

Australia
Australia & USA
USA

20

LOW ALTITUDE ENDURANCE UAVs

Aerosonde

Seascan

Aerosonde Robotic Aircraft, Australia

In Situ Group, USA

21

MEDIUM ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs
Performance

Missions

Examples

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

500 - 750 kms

24 - 48 hours
5.000 - 8.000 m
Wheels (retractable landing gear), VTOL
Wheels, VTOL

Civil/Commercial

Military

Meteorology, atmospheric & environmental

research
Reconnaissance,
surveillance,
target
acquisition, battle damage assessment,
communication relay, electronic warfare,
weapons delivery

A-160 Hummingbird
Altus
Darkstar
Eagle 1
Eagle 2
E-Hunter
Hermes 1500
Heron
IGNAT
Perseus
Predator
Predator It

USA
USA
USA
France & Israel
France & Israel
Israel
Israel
Israel
USA
USA
USA
Italy & USA

22

MEDIUM ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs
Predator

Eagle

General Atomics, USA

EADS, France & IAI, Israel

Hermes 1500

Elbit Systems - Silver Arrow, Israel

23

HIGH ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs
Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

1.000 - 6.000 kms

24 - 48 hours
15.000 - 20.000 m
Wheels, retractable landing gear, VTOL
Wheels

Missions

Civil/Commercial
Military

Telecommunications relay
Reconnaissance,
surveillance,
target
acquisition, battle damage assessment,
communication relay, electronic warfare

Examples

Apex
Condor
EuroHawk
Global Hawk
Helios
Heliplat
LALEE
Pathfinder
Perseus
Predator B
Proteus
Raptor
Theseus

USA
USA
Germany
USA
USA
European
Singapore
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA

24

HIGH ALTITUDE
LONG ENDURANCE UAVs

Global Hawk

Predator B

General Atomics, USA

Proteus
Northrop Grumman, USA

Theseus

Aurora Flight Sciences, USA

Scaled Composites, USA

25

UNMANNED COMBAT
AERIAL VEHICLES - UCAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

+/- 400 kms

+/- 2 hours
< 20.000 m
Wheels (retractable landing gear)
Wheels

Missions

Civil/Commercial
Military

NA
SEAD (suppression of enemy air defense)
Air-to-air combat

Examples

AVE
Pegasus
Sharc
X-45A

France
USA
Sweden
USA

26

UCAVs

X-45A

AVE

Boeing, USA

Dassault Aviation, France

Sharc

Saab, Sweden

27

OFFENSIVE UAVs

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

300 kms
3 - 4 hours
3.000 - 4.000 m
Launch canister & RATO, air-launched
NA

Missions

Civil/Commercial
Military

NA
Anti-vehicle, anti-radar, anti-structure

Examples

Cutlass (Harpy)
Harpy
K100
Lark
Locaas
Polyphem
Taifun
Sea Ferret

USA
Israel
France
South Africa
USA
France
Germany
USA

28

Anti-Vehicle

K100

OFFENSIVE UAVs

Anti-Radar
Anti-Vehicle & Anti-Structure
Taifun

STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany

CAC Systmes-EADS, France

Harpy

Israel Aircraft Ind., Israel

Anti-Radar

29

DECOYS

Performance

Range
Endurance
Flight Altitude
Launch Method
Recovery

0 - 500 kms
several minutes - several hours
50 - 5.000 m
Launcher, RATO, air-launched
NA

Missions

Civil/Commercial
Military

NA
Enemy radar saturation, anti-aircraft artillery
radar activation, missile decoy

Examples

BQM-74C Chukar
Delilah
Eager
Flyrt
ITALD
MALD
Nulka
TALD

USA
Israel
USA
USA
Israel
USA
Australia
USA

30

UAV PRODUCING COUNTRIES

Worldwide

= Current
n = Future?
n = Ongoing R&D

Greece n
Australia
Russia
Singapore n n
Austria
India
Belgium n
South Africa
Iran
Brazil n
Iraq n South Korea n n
Bulgaria
Spain
Israel
Canada
Sweden
Italy
China (PR)
Switzerland
Japan
Taiwan n
Croatia n n
Malaysia n
Czech Rep. Netherlands n Turkey n n
Egypt n
Norway n
Ukraine
Estonia n
U.A.E.
Pakistan
Poland n
France
UK
Portugal n
Germany
USA
Romania n

31

UAV PRODUCING COUNTRIES

= Current
n = Future?

Europe
Austria
Belgium n
Bulgaria
Croatia n n
Czech Rep.
Estonia n
France
Germany
Greece n
Italy

Netherlands n
Norway n
Poland n
Portugal n
Romania n
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
32

UAVs IN INVENTORY
In Europe: By Country
In service in
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Rep.
France

In Service

u Test/Evaluation

Germany

Italy
Netherlands

l Demonstrator

Romania
Russia

Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK

Model
Hunter-B
Yastreb
Sojka III
CL289
Crecerelle
Crecerelle EW
Vigilant
Hunter
CL289
KZO
LUNA
Camcopter
Mirach 20 & 26
Mirach 100 & 150
Sperwer
LUNA
Shadow 600
KA-137
Tu-141 Strizh
Tu-143 & Tu-243
Pchela/Shmel
Ugglan
Mini-Vanguard
Ranger
GNAT
Phoenix

l
l

Manufacturer
Eagle Consortium & IAI, Israel
Aviotechnica, Bulgaria
VTUL a PVO, Czech Republic
EADS, France & Germany
Sagem, France
Sagem, France
TSI, France
IAI, Israel & TRW, USA
EADS, Germany
STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany
EMT, Germany
Schiebel, Austria
Meteor, Italy
Meteor, Italy
Sagem, France
EMT, Germany
AAI Corp., USA
Kamov, Russia
Tupolev, Russia
Tupolev, Russia
Yakovlev, Russia
Sagem, France
Mission Technologies, USA
RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland
General Atomics, USA
BAE Systems, UK
33

UAVs ON ORDER
Europe: By Country
Customer
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France

Germany

Italy
Netherlands
Romania

Designation
Hunter-B
Sperwer
Ranger
Eagle
Pointer
Sperwer
VTOL (civil use) l
OPX (civil use) l
HALE Flight demo
CL289 Upgrade
KZO
Mcke
Scout 2000
Taifun
Predator
Sperwer
LUNA
Shadow 600

Manufacturer
Eagle Consortium, Belgium & IAI, Israel
Sagem, France
RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland
EADS, France & IAI, Israel
AeroVironment, USA
Sagem, France
CAC Systmes-EADS, France
Thales Group, France
EADS-MABU, Germany
EADS-Dornier, Germany
STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany
STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany
EMT, Germany
STN Atlas Elektronik, Germany
Gen. Atomics, USA & Meteor, Italy
Sagem, France
EMT, Germany
AAI Corp., USA

l UGV C2 Relay & Disaster Area Survey

l Optionally piloted A/C for forest fire detection

34

UAVs UNDER DEVELOPMENT

In Europe: By Country

Hardware in
various stages
of development

Designation
Manufacturer
France
Azimut & Biodrone &
Alcore Technologies
Epsilon & Futura
AT3 & K100
CAC Systmes-EADS
AVE
Dassault Aviation
Duc (Small/Medium/Large)
Hetel VTOL
ECT & Isnav
Cabri VTOL
EADS-Eurocopter
Mini VTOL -shrouded rotor Bertin
Sperwer LE
Sagem
Sperwer HV (LADP)
TMD 3 (Mini)
Sagem & Alcore Technologies
SurveyCopter 3
SurveyCopter & weControl, CH
Germany
Seamos VTOL
EADS-Dornier
Midas (micro)
EuroHawk
EADS-MABU
Mini-Tucan
STN Atlas Elektronik
Greece
Nearchos
STN Atlas - 3 Sigma
Netherlands MATE (mini)
Fokker Space
Portugal
Armor
IST & OGMA
Russia
Ka-37 & Ka-137
Kamov
Strekoza &
Yakovlev
Albatross (Tilt Rotor)
Spain
Alo & Siva
INTA
Sweden
APID VTOL
Scandicraft Systems
Turkey
Kirlangic & Dogan &
EES
Serce & Sahin
UAV-X1 (?)
Turkish Aerospace
UK
Observer
Cranfield Aerospace & QinetiQ
35
CyberOne & Swift-Eye
Cyberflight
UTS Mercury
Universal Target Systems

UPCOMING REQUIREMENTS
In Europe: By Country

Austria
Cyprus
France

Germany
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden

UK

Type
Tactical
Tactical
CR VTOL
Naval VTOL
Mini
MALE
LADP-MCMM
HALE
MALE
LADP
SR/MR
MR
MR
MALE
MALE demo
CR
MR/MRE
MALE/HALE
Naval VTOL

Remarks
Has been on/off for several years
Ongoing RFP
RFP possible
RFP anticipated
RFP anticipated 2005
To enter service +/- 2009
To enter service +/- 2009
Ongoing RFI
RFP expected 2004/2005
RFI expected
RFP anticipated
RFP expected in 2001/2002
RFP anticipated
Ongoing
RFI expected
RFI expected
RFI expected
RFI ongoing (part of Watchkeeper)
36

SAMPLING OF ONGOING UAVRELATED DVPMT STUDIES

Finland
France

Germany
Inter European
(Italy, Spain, UK)
Sweden
UK

Type
RadUAV
HALE
LADP
MRE
HALE
UCAV
MRE
HALE
UCAV
HALE

Company Involved & Remarks

UAV for radiation monitoring
Sarohal? - EADS
Camarad - EADS
EADS - Optionally piloted UAV
Dassault Aviation
Dassault Aviation
Thales Group - Optionally piloted UAV
EuroHawk - EADS-MABU
EADS-MABU
Heliplat - Solar powered high altitude

HALE
UCAV
Witas
HALE
UCAV
Strato

Saab
Saab
VTOL UAV for traffic monitoring
BAE Systems
BAE Systems
Advanced Technology Group
Lindstand Ballons
37

INDUSTRY INTER-RELATIONS
BAE
EADS Rhein
Systems
Metal
UK
NL
GE
Aerosonde, Australia
Aerospatiale-Matra, FR
AfDef, FR
ATE, South Africa
CAC Systemes, FR
CASA, ES
DASA, GE
Dassault-Aviation, FR
Dassault Electronique, FR
Dornier, GE
GEC Marconi, UK
Grintek, South Africa
Kentron, South Africa
Marconi-Astronics, USA
Oerlikon-Contraves, CH
Racal, UK
Sagem, FR
Shorts Def. Systems, UK
STN Atlas Elektronik, GE
STN Atlas-3 Sigma, GR
Thomson-Detexis, FR
Thomson-Sextant, FR
Tracor, USA

Saab
SE

Sagem STN
Atlas
FR
GE

Thales
FR

20%
100%
100%
20%
100%
100%
100%
46,7%
100%
100%
100%
50%
20%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
49%

51%
50%

100%

100%
100%
38

WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS?

Emerging market
Products not yet mature
Most military systems are still user specific
Insufficient safety & reliability
High development costs + low volume production ->
High acquisition cost
Operational costs still too high -> High ownership cost
Insufficient R&D funding
Few current producers have aeronautical experience
No airworthiness norms
No ATM regulations
Flight in civil controlled airspace is impossible

39

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ?

t
t
t
t
t

Definition of airworthiness norms for UAVs are to be initiated

Definition of ATM regulations is to be initiated
INDUSTRY SHOULD BE THE DYNAMO
National approaches in cooperation with CAAs & military
Efforts to be coordinated on an European scale in cooperation
with NATO, Eurocontrol, JAA, EU DG TREN and FAA
t Approaches on both sides of the Atlantic should be
coordinated (EURO UVS & AUVSI)
t Approaches should be harmonized at earliest possible stage

A common terminology should defined

40

COORDINATING ACTION

EURO UVS has created an Honorary Membership category.

Objective: Establish a network of international military & civil
authorities involved with UAVs and UAV-related
airworthiness & ATM issues and permitting the
direct rapid exchange of information in this area.

UAV-INFO Programme
There are currently 33 military () & 14 CAA/FAA () Honorary Members
from 15 countries and 5 international organizations:
t Australia t FAA
t JAA
t S. Africa
t Belgium
t Finland t NATO-NAFAG t Sweden
t Canada t France
t NATO-NATMC t Switzerland
t Denmark
t Germany
t Netherlands t UK
t Eurocontrol t Italy
t Norway
t USA
41

FEDERATING ACTION

Since 1999, EURO UVS has instigated a number of national

European Working Groups to deal with UAV-related
airworthiness & ATM issues on a national level and
exchange amongst them.

Euro WG Programme
t
t
t
t
t
t

The countries involved:

France
Germany + Austria + Switzerland
Italy
Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden)
Spain
UK (UAVS association)
42

FEDERATING ACTION

Early 2000, the French CAA (DGAC) issued a RFP for

the drawing up of recommendations for airworthiness
norms for civilian UAVs (based on existing JARs).

NAVDROC Programme
November 2000, one year study contract awarded to
EURO UVS (prime contractor), federating 3
corporate members with complementary expertise as
equal subcontractors:
t Dassault Aviation
t Sagem
t Thales Airborne Systems
Evaluate adaptability of JAR-VLA, VLR + 23
& suggest required modifications

Results = inputs to UAV-REG & UCARE

43

FEDERATING ACTION

In September 2000, EURO UVS and AUVSI

announced their agreement to exchange information
in the field of UAV-related airworthiness and air
traffic management, with the intent to promote
harmonisation in the approaches in this area on
both sides of the Atlantic.

Strategic Partnership with AUVSI

AUVSI Participates in UCARE
44

FEDERATING ACTION

In June 2001, the French Ministry of Defence (DGA) awarded

EURO UVS a 2 year study contract relative to airworthiness norms
& air traffic management regulations.

UAV-REG Programme
EURO UVS (prime contractor) with:
- coordinated national inputs from corporate member Participants
t France
t Germany
t Sweden
t UK
- inputs from Euro & non-Euro corporate member & institutional
Contributors

Inputs = UCARE inputs

45

FEDERATING ACTION

UAV-REG Programme

General Objectives

A- Define within the European context the conceptual standards

& acceptable means to demonstrate conformity applicable to
all classes of UAVs.
B- Make proposals concerning specific means to assure the
security of other aircraft sharing the airspace and the
security of the population being over-flown.

46

FEDERATING ACTION

UAV-REG Programme

Phase 1

1.a Compilation & examination of the existing certification procedures &

methods applicable to UAVs in Europe & outside of Europe.
1.b Identification of the involved European authorities (military & civilian).
1.c Description of the current situation in Europe.
1.d Identification of the current problems on a national & international level.

UAV-REG Programme

Phase 2

2.a Categorisation of UAV missions (current & envisaged) in Europe.

2.b Definition of the pertinent UAV categories (micro to mega), that should
be taken into account re: the establishment of certification standards.
47

FEDERATING ACTION
UAV-REG Programme

Phase 3

3.a Compilation and examination of the existing certification procedures &

methods applicable to UAVs in Europe and outside of Europe.
3.b Analysis of the status of the ground-based operator and his acceptance by
the civil and military aviation authorities.
3.c Recommendations relative to specific certification standards and methods
for UAVs (taking into account the absence of an onboard pilot).
3.d Recommendations relative to the certification standards and methods for
specific UAV sub-assemblies (situational awareness sensors, real-time
airborne computer systems, that operate as partial or total substitute of a
pilot, ground control station, data links, global system architecture).
3.e Examination of the potentially available tools, or their definition, required to
assure and demonstrate the operational viability of a UAV system and its
critical sub-assemblies, in particular in degraded modes.
48

FEDERATING ACTION

In December 2001 EURO UVS will kick off a multi-year & pluridisciplinary initiative relative to UAV-related airworthiness
norms & air traffic management regulations.

UCARE Programme
EURO UVS (coordinator) will, based on a consensual
approach, in cooperation with corporate Members, Honorary
Members, as well as non-members from all countries, endeavor
to develop by means of study groups, recommendations with
the aim to facilitate the establishment of rules & regulations for
the introduction of UAVs into civil managed airspace.
49

FEDERATING ACTION

UAVs: Concerted Actions for REgulations

EURO UVS Programme
50

Background

On 30 March 2001, EURO UVS submitted a proposal for financing

of an European Thematic (re: UAV Airworthiness & ATM ) to the
European Commission.
This proposal federated:
50 Corporate Participants - 12 countries
37 Observers - 12 countries
In July 2001, EURO UVS received a negative reply to their request
for funding from the European Commission.

In view of the consensus arrived at during the preparation of

the proposal, and encouraged by the initial participants & observers,
it has been decided to continue UCARE as an EURO UVS programme.
51

Initial Participants
50 Participants - 12 Countries
EURO UVS = Coordinator
ADSE, NL
Autoflug, D
BAE Systems, UK
BGT, D
CEV, F
Coleopter, NL
Dassault Aviation, F
DERA, UK
EADS-SST/DSDE, F
EADS-MS&I, F
EADS-Dornier, D
EDT, F
Elbit Systems, IL
EMT, D
ESG, D
FOI, SE

Fokker Space, NL
IABG, D
INTA, ES
Krakow University, PL
Limbach Flugmotoren, D
Logos Research, GR
Onra, F
Relsafe, IL
Royal Mil. Academy, B
RUAG Aerospace, CH
Saab, SE
Sagem, F
Scandicraft Systems, SE
SkyLarc Techn., UK
Stasys, UK
STN Atlas Elektronik, D
Thales Airborne Sys., F

Thales Comms, F
Thales Defence, UK
Thales Sextant, F
TNO-Human Factors, NL
Turbomeca, F
UAV Engines Ltd, UK
Ultra Electronics, UK
Universal Target Sys., UK
Uni.Politec.Catalunya, ES
Uni.of Glasgow, UK
Uni.of York, UK
Verhaert, B
VTUL a PVO, CZ
VZLU, CZ
WeControl, CH
Warsaw Uni.of Tech., PL

Participation of the above-mentioned in the new UCARE

is to be confirmed at the kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 2001

52

Initial Participants per Country

Belgium
Czech Rep.
France
Greece
Germany
Israel
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
UK

2
2
11
1
8
2
5
2
2
3
2
10

Initial Participants by Type

Membership org.
Manufacturers
Public administration
R&TD organizations
Service suppliers
Education

1
28
5
4
4
7

30% SMEs

To be confirmed at the kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 2001

53

Initial Participants = Wide Stakeholders Base

UAVs represented:
- Fixed wing
- Rotary wing
- Lighter-than-Air
- Optionally piloted
- Stratospheric
- UCAV
Adv. composites
Aeronautical R&D
Aerodynamics
Auto-land systems

Autopilots
Avionics
Certification admin.
Civil users
Cmnd & control
Communications
Control stations
Electronics
Flight instruments
Fuel systems
Future operators

Human factors
Launchers
Landing gear
Military users
Propulsion
Recovery systems
Service suppliers
Software dvlp
Sensors
Test & eval. admin.
Universities

To be reviewed at the UCARE kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 200154

Initial Observers
37 Observers - 12 Countries
EUROPEAN
9 MoD Agencies

Czech Rep., France, Germany, Netherlands

Norway (2x), Sweden (2x), UK
1 Government Agency
Radiation & Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland
6 Civil Aviation Authorities Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerl.
7 Corporate Entities
Finland, France (2x), Germany, Sweden, UK
1 Trade Association
UAVS, UK

NON-EUROPEAN
3 Government Agencies
1 Military Agency
1 Trade Association
5 Corporations

Civil Aviation Safety Authority-Australia

FAA-USA
Transport Canada
USAF Flight Standards Agency, USA
AUVSI, USA
AAI Corp., General Atomics, Goodrich Avionics-USA
ING Engineering-Canada, Kentron-South Africa

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NATO-NAFAG AG7 NATO-ATMC
WEAO
International Federation of Airworthiness

55
To be confirmed at the UCARE kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 2001

The New EURO UVS Programme

Objective
GOAL

Develop recommendations with the aim to

facilitate the establishment of rules &
regulations for the introduction of UAVs into
civil managed airspace.

STRATEGY

Federate the international UAV community

within a dedicated framework to create the
required basis for issuing a consensual policy
& competence standards.

PARTICULARITIES

- Dual (military & civilian) inputs/use;

- Incorporates Eurocontrol, FAA, JAA & NATO
recommendations;
- Incorporates findings of national WG reports;
- Represents all types of UAV stakeholders;
- Financed by the Participants;
- EURO UVS instigated & driven programme.

56

The New EURO UVS Programme

WHO CAN PARTICIPATE?

Manufacturers, suppliers, end-users (large, small & medium sized),
universities, research organizations, governmental entities (military
& civil), trade & industry associations, current & future operators,
international organizations (military & civil).
Participants must be legal entities & must be able to contribute with
inputs & must be willing to actively participate in a Working Group.
Commercial entities that are not a member of EURO UVS will be
requested to become member, or pay a yearly participation fee.

FROM WHAT COUNTRIES?

All countries acceptable to EURO UVS.
57
To be confirmed at the UCARE kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 2001

The New EURO UVS Programme

OBSERVERS
Representatives of military & civil governmental organizations (incl.
Ministry of Defence agencies), international military organizations
(NATO & WEAO), national civil aviation authorities, international
organizations such as EuroControl, FAA, JAA.
Observers will have access to the UCARE web site and may, space
permitting, participate in the UCARE meetings; they will receive
copies of all UCARE outputs. Observers may give inputs to UCARE.
Observers will not have any voting rights.
No participation fee will be due.

FROM WHAT COUNTRIES?

All countries acceptable to EURO UVS.
58
To be confirmed at the UCARE kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 2001

The New EURO UVS Programme

WHAT ARE THE DELIVERABLES?

Consensual Recommendations,
Technical Proposals, Publications, Web Site

HOW IS THIS ARRIVED AT?

n Discussion Forums on restricted web site
n Tasks & Special Tasks
n 2 Work Meetings a year at RMA in Brussels, Belgium
n 1 General Meeting a year in Paris, France

(back-to-back with EURO UVS yearly UAV conference)

Necessity: Free flow & wide dissemination of information

To be confirmed at the UCARE kick-off meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 4 & 5 Dec 200159

The New EURO UVS Programme

WHO FINANCES?
General

Organization & Coordination

n EURO UVS (thru membership & participation fees)
Web Site
Creation & maintenance
n EURO UVS (thru membership & participation fees)
Inputs & Discussion Forum (time)
n Participants
Work Meetings
Meeting venue at Royal Military Academy, Belgium
n Made available to EURO UVS by RMA
Travel, hotel, substance, time
n Participants
Tasks & Spec.Tasks Time
n Participants
General Meeting
Travel, hotel, substance, time
n Participants
Meeting venue, logistics, food & cocktails
n Sponsorship of the yearly UAV conference &
exhibition by the international UAV industry (see
web site: www.euro-uvs.org)
n UAV conference attendance fees
60

The New EURO UVS Programme

The Approach
3 WORKING GROUPS
I - Integration

II - Industrial Products

III - Operations

Organized on national levels - All countries deal with all

Each country, or group of countries, has a national coordinator
National coordinators are elected from amongst and by the
national Participants

Coordination of national efforts

National coordinators exchange info with each other
UCARE Recommendations = Multi-national consensus

61

The New EURO UVS Programme

STRUCTURE

Steering
Group
SG Decides
Yearly
Agenda:
- Tasks
- Sp.Tasks

CO-ORDINATOR = EURO UVS

SC I
1 Chairman
2 Vice-Chairm.

SC II
1 Chairman
2 Vice-Chairm.

SC III
1 Chairman
2 Vice-Chairm.

WG I
Integration

WG II
Ind.Products

WG III
Operations

Task Leaders

Task Leaders

Task Leaders

Sp.Task Leaders

Sp.Task Leaders

Sp.Task Leaders

SC=Steering
Committees
Elected by
Participants

Elected by
Participants

Participants & Observers

All attend yearly General Meeting

62

The New EURO UVS Programme

APPROACH & METHODS

T
A
S
K
S

WG I - Integration

WG II - Ind.Products

WG III - Operations

Applic. & Classif.

Aircraft

ATM

Standards & Certif.

3C

Training & Qualif.

Infrastructure

Control Station

Legal & Insurance

Prep. For 6th FA

GS Equipment

Regul. & Standards

Public Relations &

Info Dissemination
Work
Method

Synthesis

Flight Testing &

Qualification
Technical Analysis

Operational Analysis

UCARE OBJECTIVE - Recommendations for:

Target

Certification Standards

Design Standards

Operational Standards

In order to permit the introduction of UAVs into Civil Managed Airspace

63

The New EURO UVS Programme

WORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

WG I - INTEGRATION
TASKS

S
U
B
T
A
S
K
S

Appl.& Classif.

Stand.& Certif.

Infrastructure

6th F.P.

PR

Civil Missions

ICAO Analysis

RTD
Identif.

PR

Usefulness

Safety Regulat.

Infrastructure
Indentification:
- T0 & L sites
- emerg. sites
- storage

Classification
Ops Scenarios

Ops Requiremts

Identif.
Enabling
Techno

Euro Regulation
Harmonization

Environment
Business Eval.
Appl. Findings

Info
collect.
Info
Format

Web Site
International
Harmonization
Participants & Observers
decide the subjects they will deal with

Dealt with on national & multi-national basis

Info
dissemi
nation

64
Elected Task Leaders co-ordinate

The New EURO UVS Programme

WORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

WG I - INTEGRATION

OBJECTIVES

l Identify likely civil tasks, potential missions and customers, as well as the dual use (civil &

military) of UAVs that are to operate in European airspace.

l Based on a preliminary list of potential users, demonstrate the usefulness and suitability of

UAVs as identified above (from practical, economical & social points of view).
l Establish a preliminary classification of UAVs based on the customer applications identified.
l Identify different ways that these UAVs would be operated, in a form to be proposed to the

potential customers; these ways will be illustrated by real-life scenarios relative to the use of
each potential user.
l Identify the environment, including ecology, in which the UAVs would be operated.
l Identify the business volume involved.
l Based on the results obtained & the preliminary classification create Groups that are to give a

logical discrimination between UAVs for the certifying authorities. Certification categories or
classes, based on the operational purposes are to be proposed for international agreement.
l Develop plans for the other WGs on how to apply their findings into their work programs.
l Based on the results of Task 1 Applications, the infrastructure in which UAVs are to be

operated and stored is to be identified. This would consist a.o. of regular take-off and landing
65
(TOL) sites (required/available), emergency/precautionary landing sites, and storage facilities.

The New EURO UVS Programme

WORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

WG II - INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS (Systems, Sub-Systems, Critical Comp)
TASKS

S
U
B
T
A
S
K
S

AIRCRAFT

3C

CS

GS Equipment

Structures &
Aerodynamics

Command &
Control

System
Architecture

Launchers
Auto-Land Syst.

Propulsion

Communication

CS Operations
Recovery

Fuel Systems &

Power Sources

Identification

Interfaces
Refuelling Syst.

Avionics

Software

Airb. Software

Starters
Navigation

Communications

Airb. Electronics

Test Equipment
System Support

Recovery

Ground Handling
Participants & Observers
decide the subjects they will deal with

Dealt with on national & multi-national basis

Storage/Transp.

66
Elected Task Leaders co-ordinate

The New EURO UVS Programme

WORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

WG II - INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Aspects to be addressed

Objectives

- Responsibilities

- Inventory of current situation

- Economy of Operations

- Definition of requirements

- Personnel Qualifications

- Survey existing technologies

- Reliability

- Identification of upcoming enabling

technologies

- Autonomy of Operations

- Operating Procedures
emergency)

(normal

&

- Flight Critical Equipmt & Procedures

- Certification Requirements

- Highlight solutions close to market

maturity
- Define development & manufacturing
standards

- Interoperability
67

The New EURO UVS Programme

WORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

WG III - OPERATIONS
TASKS

S
U
B
T
A
S
K
S

ATM

Training & Qual.

Legal & Insur.

Regul.&Stand.

Ops Procedures

Continued
Airworthiness

Legal Aspects

Airworthiness

Liability

Monitor Euro
ATM programs

Emergency
Procedures
Recovery
Procedures

Flight Testing
& Qualification

Military ATM

Interfacing with

Loss of control
R/T Procedures

Insurance

Commonality
Civil / Military

Flight Planning
Participants & Observers
decide the subjects they will deal with

- Euro CAAs
- Eurocontrol
- JAA
- CASA, Australia
- Transport Canada

Civil ATM

- EU DG TREN
- NATMC
- Euro MoDs
- FAA, USA
- USAF-FSA

Elected Task Leaders co-ordinate

68
Dealt with on national & multi-national basis

The New EURO UVS Programme

WORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

WG III - OPERATIONS
Aspects to be addressed

Objectives

- Minimum system requirements

- Operational procedures
- Emergency & recovery procedures
- Loss of control - R/T procedures
- Airworthiness
- Continued airworthiness
- Military ATM
- Civil ATM
- Flight planning - Navigation
- Communication - Sense & avoid
- Commonality
- Insurance
- Legal (liability) aspects
- Determine enablers for UAV use
within civil management airspace

- Inventory of current status

- Monitor European ATM management
programmes
- Definition of requirements
- Identification of upcoming enabling
technologies
- Incorporate Eurocontrol & NATO
recommendations
- Recommend operational procedures
- Recommend safety procedures
- Field activities survey
(incident/accident register)
69

ORGANIZATIONAL
3 MEETINGS / YEAR

WG II
Duration: 2 Days

Workshop I
Workshop 2
Workshop 3

Special
Tasks

Restricted to
Part. & Observers

WG III

Workshop I
Workshop 2
Workshop 3

Special
Tasks

Participants &
Observers

WG I

Paris, France

WG II

Duration: 2 Days

WG III

2 Work Meetings
Brussels, Belgium
Feb. & Nov.

1 General Meeting
June
The week prior to
Paris Air Show
or EuroSatory

Open to all

RECOMMENDATIONS

Special
Tasks

OUTPUTS & FINDINGS

WG I

Workshop I
Workshop 2
Workshop 3

Participants
& Observers

International UAV Roundtable

Plenary
Dissemination
of Information
Session
Prior to 2-Day UAV Conference
UCARE + UAV Conference =
4-Day UAV Exhibition
70

HOW TO JOIN

PARTICIPANTS

Download the Participation Application Form

Fill out the Participation Application Form
Fax the Participation Application Form to EURO UVS

OBSERVERS

Download the Observer Application Form

Fill out the Observer Application Form

Fax the Observer Application Form to EURO UVS

Your UCARE Participant or Observer status will be confirmed by email

71

UCARE KICK-OFF MEETING

How to participate
PARTICIPANTS
&
OBSERVERS

Receipt of confirmation of yr Participant or Observer status

Download the Kick-Off Meeting Attendance Form
Fill out the Kick-Off Meeting Attendance Form
Fax the Meeting Attendance Form to EURO UVS
Attendee status at kick-off meeting will be confirmed

KICK-OFF
Meeting

4 & 5 Dec 2001

RMA, Brussels

Decision of 2002 UCARE agenda, 3

year road-map & elections
72

EURO UAV WGs

Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Coordinate
Germany
l
Airworthiness Greece
Italy l
& ATM
Norway
Spain l
Sweden
l = Being formed Switzerland

www.ucare-network.org
www.euro-uvs.org

EURO IND. WORKSHOPS

Partnership:
Coordinate
Airworthiness
& ATM

INTERNAT. ORGANIZATIONS

NATO
WEAO
Eurocontrol
JAA
FAA

UAVS, UK

UAV-INFO
UCARE
NAVDROC
UAV-REG

AUVSI, USA

Workshops for
European Military
MoDs
Centralization of documents
pertaining to UAV-related
airworthiness and ATM

On web site
& available
for all

INTERNAT. CONFERENCES
ARTICLES INTERNAT. PRESS
EDUCATIONAL SEMINARS

EURO UVS - The European Communication Hub for UAVs 73

THE VOICE OF & FORUM FOR

THE INTERNATIONAL
UVS COMMUNITY

info@euro-uvs.org - www.euro-uvs.org
www.ucare-network.org
74