LESSON PLAN IN IMPORTANCE OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Recall the functions of digestive system.
2. Draw the parts of digestive system.
3. Discuss the importance of the digestive system.
II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: Human Digestive System
B. References:
B.1) Exploring Life Through Science: Biology
By: Ramon, J.A.
pg: 249- 256
B.2) Modern Biology
By: Ocampo, P.B.
pg: 599- 615
C. Materials:
For teachers: visual aids, laptop, projector
For students: notebook, paper, ballpen
D. Teaching Strategies:
D.1) Discussion Method
D.2) Lecture Method
III. Procedure
Teachers Activity

Students Activity

A. Daily Routine
A.1. Prayer
Let us pray first.
A.2. Greetings
Good morning, class!
A.3. Conditioning of the room
Pick up the pieces of paper.
A.4. Checking of Attendance
Say present as I call your name.
.
B. Recall
Before we start our new lesson let us
have a short review regarding to our
previous lesson.

(one of the student will lead the prayer )

Good morning, maam!

(Students will pick up the pieces of

paper)

(Students will say present as the

teacher call their names.)

What are the parts of digestive

system?

Mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach,

pancreas, gall bladder, rectum, anus,
small and large intestine

C. Motivation
(The teacher groups her students into
two groups.)
I have questions; youre going to
answer what parts of digestive system
it is.
It breaks down the food into smaller
pieces and mixes it with saliva.

Mouth

Very good.
Liver
It produces bile and processes
nutrients obtained from food.
Correct!
It is a muscular tube down which
travels from the mouth to the stomach.

Esophagus.

Youre answer is correct.

It secretes juices that get digestion
underway.

Stomach.

Correct!
It stores bile.

Gall bladder.

Nice Answer.
It secretes enzymes into the small
intestine.

Pancreas.

Very well sad.

It stores the waste until it leaves the
body through anus.

Rectum.

Very good.
It is the main site where food is
digested.
Nice answer.

Small Intestine.

And last questions, It absorbs water

from digestive waste.

Large Intestine.

(Teacher will decide who wins in the

game.)

D. Presentation
Now, let us proceed to our new
lesson.

We discussed already the functions of

various parts of digestive system.
Now, we discuss the importance of
digestive system.
Do you think what the importance of
the digestive system is?

The importance of digestive system is

to break down the food we eat into
smaller units called nutrients.

Thats right.
The nutrients are then absorbed into
the bloodstream and fuel the bodys
activities. The mouth takes in food and
begins the digestive process, which
continues in the stomach. The food
then passes to the intestines, which
complete the process. Enzymes
substances that speed up chemical
reactions in the body play a key part
in breaking down food.
Each parts of digestive system are
important.
What is the importance of mouth in
digestive system?

The mouth is the hollow cavity that

allows food and air to enter the body.

Thats right.

The mouth contains many other

organs - such as the teeth, tongue,
and the ducts of the salivary glands that work together to aid in the
ingestion and digestion of food. The
mouth also plays a major role in the
production of speech through the
movements of the tongue, lips and
cheeks.

The liver is a large, meaty organ that

sits on the right side of the belly.
Weighing about 3 pounds.
Do you think what is the natural color
of a liver?

The liver is reddish-brown in color.

Right answer.
Normally you cant fell the liver,
because its protected by the rib cage.
What are the two large sections of the
liver?

The right and left lobes.

The liver's main job is to filter the

blood coming from the digestive tract,
before passing it to the rest of the
body. The liver also detoxifies
chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As
it does so, the liver secretes bile that
ends up back in the intestines. The
liver also makes proteins important for
blood clotting and other functions.
What is esophagus?

Correct.
The esophagus is about 8 inches
long, and is lined by moist pink tissue

Esophagus is a muscular tube

connecting the throat (pharynx) with the
stomach.

called mucosa. The esophagus runs

behind the windpipe (trachea) and
heart, and in front of the spine. Just
before entering the stomach, the
esophagus passes through the
diaphragm.
What do you call to the top and low
end of the esophagus?

Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and

lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

Well said.
The upper esophageal sphincter
(UES) is a bundle of muscles at the
top of the esophagus. The muscles of
the UES are under conscious control,
used when breathing, eating,
belching, and vomiting. They keep
food and secretions from going down
the windpipe.

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

is a bundle of muscles at the low end
of the esophagus, where it meets the
stomach. When the LES is closed, it
prevents acid and stomach contents
from traveling backwards from the
stomach. The LES muscles are not
under voluntary control.
The stomach is the main food storage
tank of the body. If it were not for the
stomachs storage capacity, we would
have to eat constantly instead of just a
few times each day. The stomach also
secretes a mixture of acid, mucus,
and digestive enzymes.
What is the role of digestive enzymes
in our body?

It helps to digest and sanitize our food

while it is being stored.

Where we found stomach in our

body?

It located just inferior to the diaphragm

in the left part of the abdominal cavity.
Located between the esophagus and
the duodenum.

Very good!
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped,
hollow structure located under the
liver and on the right side of the
abdomen. It serves as a reservoir for
bile while its not being used for
digestion. The gallbladder's absorbent
lining concentrates the stored bile.
How do bile helps the digestive
process?

The bile helps the digestive process by

breaking up fats. It also drains waste
products from the liver into the
duodenum, a part of the small intestine.

Nice answer.
To identify the pancreas, what is the
shape of it?

The pancreas is a wing-shaped gland

that extends from the duodenum (the
upper portion of the small intestine) to
the spleen.

Thats right.

The pancreas aids in digestion by

producing enzymes that digest several
types of nutrients, including proteins,
fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid,
a common acid that acts as building
block in DNA and is essential for all
living things.
What are the
important hormones that help regulate
the level of sugar in the blood?

Insulin and glucagon.

Correct.

What do you call to the people whose

It is known as diabetes. Type 1

pancreases do not produce enough

insulin have a condition?

diabetics have a pancreas that does not

produce any insulin, and they must
administer the hormone via injections
through their skin. Type 2 diabetics
produce an insufficient amount of
insulin.

Very well said.

The rectum is the concluding part of

the large intestine that terminates in
the anus. The average length of the
human rectum may range between 10
and 15 cm. Its diameter can be
compared to that of the sigmoid colon
(the part of the large intestine nearest
the rectum) at its onset. However, it
becomes larger near the anus, where
it forms the rectal ampulla.
What is the role of the rectal ampulla?

Youre right.
The expansion of the rectal walls
causes the stretch receptors within the
walls to stimulate the urge to defecate.
If the defecation process is delayed, it
may result in constipation. When the
storage site becomes full, the
intrarectal pressure causes the anal
canal walls to dilate and expand. This
results in the feces entering the canal.

The small intestine is made up of

the duodenum, jejunum,
and ileum. Together with the
esophagus, large intestine, and the
stomach, it forms the gastrointestinal
tract. In the small intestine food that
has already been broken down by
chewing and stomach enzymes is
further degraded by additional
enzymes.
The large intestine comprises of the

The key role of the rectal ampulla is to

act as a temporary storehouse for
feces.

second part of the alimentary canal.

The large intestine consists of the
cecum and colon. It begins at the right
iliac region of the pelvis (the region
just at or below the right waist) where
is continues from the small intestine
and continues up the abdomen.
Thereafter it traverses across the
width of the abdominal cavity, and
then it turns down, continuing to its
endpoint at the anus.
What is the important role of the anus
in digestive system?
E. Generalization

It excretes the digestive wastes.

The human digestive system is a

complex series of organs and glands
that processes food. In order to use
the food we eat, our body has to break
the food down into smaller molecules
that it can process; it also has to
excrete waste.
Most of the digestive organs (like the
stomach and intestines) are tube-like
and contain the food as it makes its
way through the body. The digestive
system is essentially a long, twisting
tube that runs from the mouth to the
anus, plus a few other organs (like the
liver and pancreas) that produce or
store digestive chemicals.
F. Application
Draw and label the digestive
system.

G. Valuing
Digestion is important for breaking
down food into nutrients, which the
body uses for energy, growth, and cell
repair. Food and drink must be
changed into smaller molecules of
nutrients before the blood absorbs
them and carries them to cells
throughout the body.

(Students draw the digestive system.)

IV. Evaluation:
Match column A with those column B. Write your answer before each number.

Column A
______1. Mouth

a. The hollow cavity that allows food and air

the enter the body.

______2. Liver

b. a muscular tube connecting the throat

(pharynx) with the stomach.

______3. Large intestine

c. It is the main food storage tank of the body.

______4. Small intestine

d. made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

______5. Anus

e. Intestine consists of the cecum and colon.

______6. Stomach

f. concluding part of the large intestine that

terminates in the anus.

______7. Rectum

g. a wing-shaped gland that extends from

the duodenum (the upper portion of the
small intestine) to the spleen.

______8. Gall bladder

h. It excretes the digestive wastes.

______9. Esophagus

i. a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side

of the belly.

______10. Pancreas

j. a pear-shaped, hollow structure located

under the liver and on the right side of the abdomen.
k. digestive process by breaking up fats.

V. Assignment:
1. Discuss the function of the excretory system.
2. Enumerate the organs in the excretory system of human body and give their function.
Reference: Modern Biology
By: Ocampo, P.B.
Page: 630- 634

Prepared by: Catherine B. Dela Cruz

Shella R. Gabriel.

Mary Joy V. Monsanto

Frengelyn dela Cruz
Submitted to: Herbert M. de Jesus.