Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Today Menu
1. The World problem (session 1)
2. The World Buddhism (session 2)
3. Indonesian Buddhism (session 2)
4. Buddhayana, What we can do? (session 3)
5. Discussion (session 4)
SESSION 1
1. THE WORLD PROBLEM
1.1 Financial Crisis/Krisis Keuangan
Global
1.2 Global Warming
1.3 Terrorism
BUDDHAYANA MENJAWAB TANTANGAN GLOBAL
MEMBENTUK PRIBADI MILITAN INKLUSIF/MILITAN BUDDHAYANA
CRISIS?
WHY GLOBAL CRISIS?
MORAL CRISIS DRIVE THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND
THE GLOBAL WARMING
Global average
temperature
Global average
sea level
Northern hemisphere
snow cover
Ranges for predicted surface warming
year
Continued emissions would lead to further warming of 1.8ºC to 4ºC over the 21st century
Global anthropogenic GHG emissions
Global atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have
increased markedly as a result of human activities, with an increase
of 70% in 1970-2004
60
F-gases
50
N2O from agriculture &
others 40
CH4 from agriculture,
waste & energy 30
CO2 from deforestation, decay &
peat 20
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2004
Challenges for agriculture
The growth in global daily availability of calories per capita:
During the last four decades, agricultural land gained almost 500 Mha from forests and
other land uses
9% of CO2
37% of CH4 - 23 times
the Global Warming Potential of CO2
over 100 years, 62 over 20 years
65% of N2O - 296 times the GWP of CO2
over 100 yrs, 275 over 20 yrs
0.4 pounds
of CO2-eq
10 pounds of
CO2-eq, 25
times as much
70% of previous forested land in the Amazon is occupied by cattle pastures, and crops for
animal feed cover a large part of the remainder
Livestock is among the largest sectoral source of land & water pollution with nitrates and
phosphorus from slurry and silage run-off and from the use of nitrogen fertilizer
A farmer can feed up to 30 persons throughout the year on 1 hectare with vegetables, fruits,
cereals and vegetable fats
The World Cancer Research Fund says: “Eat mostly foods of plant
origin.”
While 56 million acres of U.S. land are producing hay for livestock, only 4 million acres
are producing vegetables for human consumption.
—U.S. Department of Commerce, Census of Agriculture
A report from the International Water Management Institute, noting that 840 million of the world’s
people remain undernourished, recommends finding ways to produce more food using less water.
The report notes that it takes 550 liters of water to produce enough flour for one loaf of bread in
developing countries...but up to 7,000 liters of water to produce 100 grams of beef.
—UN Commission on Sustainable Development, 2004
The transition of world agriculture from food grain to feed grain represents a new form of
human evil, with consequences possibly far greater and longer lasting than any past
wrongdoing inflicted by men against their fellow human beings. Today, more
than 70 percent of the grain produced in the United States is fed to livestock, much of it to
cattle.
—Jeremy Rifkin, Los Angeles Times, 27 May 2002
Anthropocentric Arguments
• Does meat-eating maximize human
happiness?
• No!
– Environmental
– Social/Economic
– Nutritional
Environment
• “the human appetite for animal flesh is a driving force
behind virtually every major category of environmental
damage now threatening the human future--”
Worldwatch 2004
– Deforestation
– Grassland destruction
– Waste
– Global warming
– Loss of biodiversity
Environment
• “[T]he vast majority of grain harvested in the
U.S. is fed to farm animals. This wasteful and
inefficient practice has forced agribusiness to
exploit vast stretches of land. Forests,
wetlands, and other natural ecosystems and
wildlife habitats have been decimated and
turned into crop and grazing land. Scarce
fossil fuels, groundwater, and topsoil
resources which took millenium to develop
are now disappearing. Meanwhile, the
quantity of waste produced by farm animals
in the U.S. is more than 130 times greater
than that produced by humans. Agricultural
runoff has killed millions of fish, and is the
main reason why 60% of America's rivers and
streams are "impaired".”
Environment
• According to the US EPA, livestock waste has polluted more than 27,000 miles of rivers
and contaminated ground-water in dozens of states. National Resources Defense
Council
• “In Central America, 40 percent of all the rainforests have been cleared or burned down
in the last 40 years, mostly for cattle pasture to feed the export market—often for U.S.
beef burgers.... Meat is too expensive for the poor in these beef-exporting countries,
yet in some cases cattle have ousted highly productive traditional agriculture.
John Revington in World Rainforest Report
Why: health
DARI MANA DATANGNYA SARS, H1N1?
DARI TEMPAT YANG SELALU MENCARI SENSASI DARI
MENGKONSUMSI HEWAN2 ANEH DI GUANDONG, HONGKONG
One vegetarian day a week conforms to probably any set of health
objectives in the western world:
• More fruit and vegetables
• More fibre
• Less saturated fat
• Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, overweight,
cancer.
Ramalan temperatur
In both financial and global warming
• Buddhism must contribute and take part to stop
the moral crisis
• Buddha teaching that aim to care and love for all
living beings (not only human beings)
• That Karmic law proven to be more realistic
against the “GOD” law.
• Now buddhism play the rule to overcome the
world sickness of hungry desire
• M. Ghandi “the earth can feed every one, but not
greedy one.”
Langkah Esensi terhadap 2 krisis
tersebut
• Hidup berkesadaran
– Ajaran buddha mengajarkan kesederhanaan, ketidak
melekatan.
– Ajaran Buddha dari A-Z bercitarasa pembebasan
– Semua peristiwa alam tidak terlepas dari Hukum
hukum (niyama) bijaniyama, kammaniyama dll.
– Jadilah pribadi yg berkesadaran (mindfulness, eling,
sati) yang selalu menjadi suri tauladan di tengah2
masyarakat untuk memberikan contoh praktek hidup
berkesadaran yang menyelamatkan bumi dan
mengurangi keserakahan. Itulah sebabnya agama
Buddha begitu dikagumi oleh dunia barat saat ini.
Anyone can go to Heaven – Just be
Good! Ajahn Bram, Dhammika
Nasehat Buddha adalah : Berbuat Kebajikan, Jauhi
Kejahatan, dan Sucikan Pikiran.
• Dalam kasus apapun, makan daging tiruan masih jauh lebih
baik dari makan daging binatang asli.
Nasehat Buddha :
“Semua makhluk mencintai kehidupan,
Semua makhluk mencintai kebahagiaan.
Dengan diri sendiri sebagai perbandingan,
kamu tidak seharusnya melukai atau membunuh,
Atau menyebabkan luka atau terbunuhnya makhluk lain.”
Dalam kasus apapun, makan daging tiruan masih jauh lebih
baik dari makan daging binatang asli.
1.3 Terrorism