Aula107 - Ingl - Ês - Aula 02

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PACOTE DE TEORIA E EXERCCIOS PARA AUDITOR-FISCAL DA RECEITA

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INGLS - AULA 02
PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE
Ol pessoal,
Nesta segunda aula vamos estudar os adjetivos e advrbios
em ingls e como a ESAF tem abordado a matria em prova.
No deixem de tirar as dvidas no Frum das aulas, terei o
maior prazer em respond-las. importante destacar que o Frum o
canal de comunicao entre o professor e os alunos, a oportunidade
para que voc tire suas dvidas, faa sugestes e at mesmo
reclamaes.
Bons estudos.
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
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AULA 02 - ADJETIVOS E ADVRBIOS
Adjetivos
Adjetivo
palavra
que
expressa
uma
qualidade
ou
caracterstica do substantivo, certo? Os adjetivos em ingls tm a

mesma funo dos adjetivos em portugus. O que muda a posio
deles na frase. No ingls, os adjetivos so usados, em sua maioria,
antes dos substantivos que eles qualificam. Essa regra tambm vlida
para quando estiverem presentes dois ou mais adjetivos.
It was a difficult test. (Foi uma prova difcil.)
O adjetivo difficult (difcil) descreve o substantivo test (prova).
Para interpretar corretamente os textos das provas de ingls da

ESAF, alm de saber que os adjetivos se posicionam antes dos
substantivos, voc ter que saber identificar e distinguir adjetivos
comparativos e superlativos. Sendo assim, passo a demonstrar como se
formam os comparativos e os superlativos em ingls.
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Comparativos e Superlativos
Adjetivos Curtos
Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de uma
slaba adiciona-se -er para a forma comparativa e -est para a forma
superlativa.Veja alguns exemplos:
Adjetivos
Comparativo -ER
Superlativo -EST
cold
colder
coldest
old
older
oldest
fast
faster
fastest
small
smaller
smallest
weak
weaker
weakest
Alguns dos adjetivos mais comuns em ingls tm formas

irregulares de comparativos e superlativos.
Adjetivo
Comparativo
Superlativo
bad
worse
worst
good
better
best
further
furthest
farther
farthest
older
oldest
elder
eldest
far
old
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Adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas

Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de duas
ou mais slabas (adjetivos longos) usamos o more e less para as
formas comparativas e most e least as formas superlativos. Veja
alguns exemplos:
Adjetivo
arrogant
tense
cooperative
perfect
Comparativo
Superlativo
more arrogant
most arrogant
less arrogant
least arrogant
more tense
most tense
less tense
least tense
more cooperative
most cooperative
less cooperative
least cooperative
more perfect
most perfect
less perfect
least perfect
Em resumo, o que voc precisa saber est no quadro da prxima

pgina:
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COMPARATIVO
Regra geral
adj curto + er + than
slower than (mais lento)

richer than (mais rico)
latter than (mais tarde)
more + adj longo + than
more urbanized than
less + adj longo + than
(mais urbanizado que)

less urbanized than
(menos urbanizado que)
Excees
good (bom)
better than (melhor)
bad (mal)
worse than (pior)
far (longe)
farther/further than
(mais longe)
SUPERLATIVOS
Regra geral
adj curto + est
The slowest
(o mais lento)
The richest
(o mais rico)
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most + adj longo
most valuable
(o mais valioso)
least + adj longo
least valuable
(o menos valioso)
Excees
good (bom)
best (melhor)
bad (mal)
worst (pior)
Expresses comparativas
Alm das formas comparativas estudadas, h expresses que
tambm so usadas para fazer comparaes e podem aparecer nas
provas. As...as e So....as so recorrentes em prova:
Expresso
as.....as
as fast as (to rpido quanto)

not as fast as (no to
to..quanto
rpido)
as stable as
(to estvel quanto)
not as stable as
(no to estvel quanto)
so.....as
so stable as
(to estvel quanto)
so developed as
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(to desenvolvido quanto)
Adjetivos terminados em ed e ing.

Por fim, h dois tipos de adjetivos que devem ser lembrados: os
adjetivos formados pelo particpio passado (-ed) e aqueles formados
pelo gerndio (-ing).
Alm de ser usado para formar o passado dos verbos, o -ed
tambm
e o ing tambm foram adjetivos. O ed corresponde, em
portugus,
terminaes
ado/-edo/-ido
(resolved=resolvido;
bearded=barbado). O ing corresponde, em portugus, s terminaes

ente/-ante (depressing=deprimente; interesting=interessante).
Advrbios
Em ingls, a maioria dos advrbios formada adicionando-se o
sufixo -ly ao adjetivo de origem (careful/carefully, happy/happily etc.).
Enquanto o adjetivo d uma caracterstica ao substantivo, o advrbio se
refere ao verbo.
Existem algumas palavras que terminam em -ly mas que, porm,
no so advrbios, e sim adjetivos. As principais delas so: friendly:
amigvel,
lonely:
solitrio,
ugly:feio,
likely:
provvel,
unlikely:
improvvel.
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Os advrbios podem ser derivados de adjetivos ou podem ter a
mesma
forma
do
adjetivo.
Neste
ltimo
caso,
temos
situao
semelhante em portugus quando dizemos, por exemplo:

Ele um rapaz bonito (adjetivo) x Ele canta bonito (advrbio).
Muitos advrbios, principalmente os de modo, freqncia e

intensidade, so derivados de adjetivos mediante o acrscimo do sufixo
ly (-mente em portugus).
Adjetivo
Advrbio
Slow (lento, devagar)
Slowly (lentamente, devagar)
Careful (cuidado)
Carefully (cuidadosamente)
Efficient (eficiente)
Efficiently (eficientemente)
Quick (rpido)
Quickly (rapidamente)
Bad (mau)
Badly (mal)
Perfect (perfeito)
Perfectly (perfeitamente)
Silent (silencioso)
Silently (silenciosamente)
Easy (fcil)
Easily (facilmente)
Terrible (terrvel)
Terribly (terrivelmente)
Tragic (trgico)
Tragically (tragicamente)
Como no possvel acrescentar um ly a adjetivos que j

terminam em ly (tais como friendly, silly, lovely etc), deve-se
recorrer a uma construo com way (jeito, modo) ou manner
(maneira). Por exemplo:
Friendly (amigvel) in a friendly way (de modo amigvel)
Ateno para um advrbio que em nada semelhante ao

adjetivo: good (bom) .........................well (bem).
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Advrbios de Frequncia
Em destaque, os advrbios de freqncia. Recorrentes em provas
de concurso da ESAF, so aqueles que nos indicam com que frequncia
algo aconteceu, acontece, acontecer etc. Observe o quadro abaixo,
que mostra, em uma escala do mais frequente para o menos frequente,
o grau de frequncia dos principais advrbios:
ADVRBIOS DE FREQUNCIA
+
always: sempre
often: frequentemente
usually: habitualmente
sometimes: s vezes
seldom/rarely: raramente
never: nunca
Agora, vejamos como os adjetivos e advrbios so cobrados em

prova:
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DICA: Antes de ler o texto, no

perca tempo, v ao enunciado da
questo.
Veja
que
Banca
Examinadora quer de voc.
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1.
The regulation of insurance company solvency is a
function of the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services

Modernization Act of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms,
insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and
sell one anothers products, continues this practice. State regulators
monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance
in their state through analysis of the detailed annual financial
statements that insurers are required to file and periodic on-site
examinations. When a company is found to be in poor financial
condition, regulators can take various actions to try to save it.
Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.
1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial

health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators
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a) are currently designing two tools to follow it.
b) might resort to actions designed to assist them.
c) may decide to outsource any further analysis.
d) have been assessing the most effective procedures.
e) are likely to adopt the analysis of their statements.
Comentrios:
O enunciado da questo diz: In relation to the monitoring of
the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance,
the state regulators (Em relao ao monitoramento da sade
financeira de companhias licenciadas a oferecer seguro, os reguladores
estatais...) Vejamos onde o texto est tratando de monitoring.
DICA: Observe que das 10 palavraschave, 6 so verdadeiros cognatos,
ou
seja,
assemelham
palavras
ao
que
se
portugus.
Felizmente elas so maioria! Mas

cuidado, h os falsos cognatos. No
se preocupe com eles agora. Eles so
minoria.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
relation: relao
monitoring: monitoramento
financial health: sade financeira
companies: companhias
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licensed: licenciadas
provide: oferecer, fornecer, produzir
state regulators: reguladores estatais
O texto trata do assunto monitoring na seguinte frase:

State regulators monitor the financial health of companies licensed to
provide insurance in their state through analysis of the detailed annual
financial statements that insurers are required to file and periodic onsite examinations.
MAIS PALAVRAS-CHAVE
through: atravs
analysis: anlises
detailed: detalhadas
annual: anual
financial statements: demonstraes financeiras
insurers: segurador, seguradora
are required: so demandados, solicitados
to file: seguir
periodic: peridico
on-site examinations: exame, investigao in loco
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Da leitura, verificamos que h duas maneiras por meio (through)
das quais os reguladores estatais monitoram a sade financeira das
companhias: analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that
insurers are required to file and periodic on-site examination.
a) are
Currently = atualmente
CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!
x
actually = realmente, efetivamente
currently designing two tools to follow it.
A opo A est incorreta. O texto no diz que os reguladores
estatais esto atualmente (currently) desenvolvendo (designing)
duas ferramentas (tools) para monitoramento da sade financeira das
seguradoras. O autor apenas afirma que os reguladores estatais
monitoram a sade financeira das companhias de seguro atravs de 2
ferramentas: analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that
insurers e periodic on-site examination.
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A opo B est correta. O verbo to resort to significa recorrer
a, apelar a. J might resort to d a idia de probabilidade. A opo
afirma que possvel que os reguladores do mercado de seguros
recorram s ferramentas citadas no texto. Logo a afirmativa est
corretssima, uma vez que o autor afirma que os reguladores estatais
monitoram a sade financeira das companhias atravs da analysis of
the detailed annual financial statements that insurers are required to
file e do periodic on-site examination, duas aes desenvolvidas para
lhes assistir.

A opo C est incorreta. O autor no diz que os reguladores
podem (may) decidir
por terceirizar (outsource) anlises mais
profundas (further = como vimos, esta a forma comparativa do

adjetivo far).

A opo C est incorreta. No texto no h qualquer meno ao
verbo assess (avaliar, estimar, calcular) ou outro com idia similar.
Logo, est errado afirmar que os reguladores estatais esto avaliando
os procedimentos mais efetivos (most effective = forma superlativa
do adjetivo effective).

A opo E est incorreta. No se pode afirmar pela leitura do
texto que os reguladores estatais esto tendentes a adotar a anlise de
suas demonstraes. Totalmente errada.
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IMPORTANTE
Sufixo -LY
Forma adjetivos e advrbios

slowly: lentamente
likely: provavelmente, tendente
lively: vivaz
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
currently: atualmente
designing: desenvolvendo
tool: ferramenta
resort to: recorrer a
outsource: terceirizar
further: mais profundo, mais distante
assess: avaliar, estimar, calcular
most effective procedures: procedimentos mais efetivos
likely: provvelmente, tendente
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adopt: adotar
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.
2. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do

occur, which means they
a) actually happen.
b) are undoubtedly preventable.
c) hardly take place.
d) do not pose a threat.
e) used to be more frequent.
Comentrios:
O
enunciado
da
questo
remete
leitor
expresso
insolvencies do occur. S ser necessrio encontrar esta expresso no

texto. Vejamos a ltima frase do texto: ()Insolvencies do occur,
however, despite the best efforts of regulators. Agora as palavraschave e as alternativas de resposta:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
insolvencies: insolvncias
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occur: ocorrer, acontecer
however: porm, no obstante
despite: apesar de
actually: efetivamente, de fato
happen: acontecer
undoubtedly: indubitavelmente
preventable: evitvel
hardly: dificilmente
take place: ocorrer
pose a threat: representar uma ameaa
used to be: costumava ser
a) actually happen.
A opo A est correta. Insolvencies do occur significa que
insolvncias efetivamente acontecem. Actually significa de fato,
efetivamente.
IMPORTANTE
actually = realmente, efetivamente
Outros exemplos:
Adjetivos + Sufixo LY = advrbio
undoubtedly (indubitavelmente)
Logo, actual = real, efetivo
hardly (dificilmente)
CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!
frequently (frequentemente)
Atualmente = nowadays, presently
usually (usualmente, habitualmente)
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A opo B est incorreta. Da leitura da frase Insolvencies do
occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators. percebe-se que
apesar dos esforos dos reguladores, as insolvncias efetivamente
ocorrem. Logo, no se pode afirmar que insolvncia seja
indubitavelmente evitvel (preventable).

A opo C est incorreta. O texto no diz que insolvncia
dificilmente (hardly) ocorre (take place), apenas afirma que ela
ocorre.

A opo D est incorreta. Insolvencies do occur no quer dizer
que insolvncias no representam (pose) uma ameaa (threat).
Perceba que o enunciado da questo quer apenas o significado da
expresso e no a interpretao de que sejam ou no ameaas.

A opo E est incorreta. A opo afirma que insolvncias
costumavam ser (used to be) mais freqentes. No texto no h essa
afirmao.
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.
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The long climb
Source: www.economist.com
st Oct, 2009 (Adapted)
1.
The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,
but it will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if
people disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as
defined by Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be
subdued and unemployment will remain high. The banking
system will be a shadow of its former self, and the securitization
markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt, will
presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier and
investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which
prosperity depends, will erode.
2.
several
The crisis invited a forceful government entry into

of
capitalisms
inner
sanctums,
such
as
banking,
American carmaking and the commercial-paper market. Mr ElErian worries that the state may overstay its welcome. In
addition, national exchequers may start to feel some measure of
the fiscal strain now hobbling California. Americas Treasury, in
particular, must demonstrate that it is still a responsible
shepherd of other countries savings.
3. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009)
In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is
defined as
a) both real and active.
b) absolutely extraordinary.
c) not very active or busy.
d) sustainable and rapid.
e) unpredictable.
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Comentrios:
A questo nos remete ao Pargrafo 1 e expresso growth in
the new order. Voc dever escolher a opo que mais se assemelha
definio de growth in the new order dada pelo texto.
Vejamos como o texto trata do assunto:
The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal, but it
will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if people
disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as defined by
Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be subdued and
unemployment will remain high.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
growth: crescimento
new order: nova ordem
world economy: economia mundial
getting back to normal: voltando ao normal
will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser
subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) reduzido, reduziu
unemployment: desemprego
will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur
high: alto
Qual a opo mais retrata o crescimento econmico (growth) na nova

ordem mundial:

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A opo A est incorreta. A alternativa caracteriza a nova ordem
com os adjetivos real e active (ativa, rpida, vigorosa). A definio
positiva e est errada. Veja que o texto fala em alto desemprego (high
unemployment) e crescimento reduzido (subdued).
A opo B est incorreta. Assim como a alternativa a, a
alternativa
traz
uma
definio
positiva
da
nova
ordem:
absolutamente extraordinria (absolutely extraordinary).

A opo C est correta. O texto define o crescimento na nova
ordem como: (...) growth will be subdued and unemployment
will remain high. Temos aqui que o crescimento ser reduzido e
desemprego continuar alto, logo, a alternativa est correta ao afirmar
que o crescimento no ser muito vigoroso, ativo (active, busy).

A opo D est incorreta. Aqui a definio de crescimento tambm
positiva, sustainable e rapid (sustentvel e rpido).
e) unpredictable.
A opo E est incorreta. O texto no diz que o crescimento na
nova ordem mundial imprevisvel (unpredictable).
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DICA: Apenas na alternativa c,
resposta
para
questo,
foi
apresentada uma definio negativa

para o crescimento na nova ordem
mundial.
Mesmo
sem
saber
definio de subdued daria para

acertar a questo.
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.
Reason with him

Source: www.newsweek.com
22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)
Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was

regarded as an underachiever, and the last among the
BRIC nations. Now Brazil is considered a star among
emerging countries. Whats happened?
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Lula: No one respects anyone who doesnt respect themselves.
And Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always
told ourselves we were the country of the future. But we never
transformed these qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized
world you cannot sit still. You have to hit the road and sell your
country. So we decided to make strengthening Mercosul (the
South American trading bloc) a priority, and deepened our
relations with Latin America in general. We prioritized trade with
Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively. Our trade
balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of
the economic crisis.
Q2: Margolis: Has Brazils success in navigating the
economic crisis changed investorsviews?
Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market.
We had consumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of
the sales tax and asked the companies to offer consumers credit
on affordable items. Its the same case with refrigerators, stoves,
washing
machines,
and
with
computers
and
the
housing
construction.
Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries?
Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to
play, and has great responsibility. We dont want the state to
manage business. But it can be an inducer of growth and can
work in harmony with society.
4. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In his answer to question 1, Brazils

president refers to strengthening Mercosul as a priority. In other
words, a measure he considered
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a) risky.
b) unattainable.
c) pivotal.
d) unnecessary.
e) advisable.
Comentrios:
A questo se refere expresso strengthening Mercosul as a
priority e quer saber qual dos adjetivos reflete a opinio do presidente
acerca dessa medida (measure). Considerando que o presidente disse
ser a medida uma prioridade (priority), o fortalecimento do Mercosul
:
a) risky.
b) unattainable.
c) pivotal.
d) unnecessary.
e) advisable.
Observe que no era preciso saber ingls para acertar a

questo, todos as adjetivos apresentados nas alternativas se parecem
com o portugus. O vocabulrio-chave que cobrado nesta questo se
parece bastante com o portugus:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
strengthening: fortalecimento, fortalecer
priority: prioridade
measure: medida
risky: arriscado
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unattainable: inatingvel
pivotal: fundamental, essencial, piv
unnecessary: desnecessrio
advisable: aconselhvel
Das 08 palavras-chave, 06 se parecem com nossas palavras do

portugus. Isso muitas vezes acontece. Existem sim os falsos cognatos,
aquelas palavras que na escrita se assemelham ao portugus, mas que
tm significados diferentes. Contudo, importante lembrar que forte
a presena de vocbulos de origem latina no ingls, sendo que a
porcentagem de ocorrncia dessas palavras como falsos cognatos em
relao ao portugus insignificante - menos de 0,1%. No se
preocupe com qualquer probabilidade de erro ao interpretar palavras do
ingls parecidas com palavras do portugus.
5. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) Brazils president refers to the countrys

diversified trade balance as having
a) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis.
b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner.
c) been prevented by internal regulations.
d) been considered as an unattainable goal.
e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis.
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Comentrios:
Vamos destacar as palavras-chave do enunciado para depois
buscar no texto a resposta:
Brazils president refers to the countrys diversified trade balance

as having
(O Presidente se refere balana comercial diversificada do pas
como tendo....)
No texto, as palavras diversified trade balance aparecem no

trecho:
Our trade balance today is diversified. This helped us
cushion the blow of the economic crisis.
Juntando as palavras-chave do enunciado com as do texto, temos

que:
diversified
trade balance
helped
economic crisis
Agora vejamos as alternativas de respostas:

A opo A est incorreta. Com a anlise das palavras no quadro
acima, conclumos que a balana comercial diversificada ajudou
(helped) o pas na crise econmica. Ao contrrio do texto, a alternativa
diz que a balana comercial prejudicou, piorou (worsen) a crise
econmica global. Observe que a palavra crisis est precedida de dois
adjetivos: global e economic.
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A opo B est incorreta. Estamos falando aqui de diversified
trade balance e a alternativa fala em trade with one solo strategic
partner (comrcio com um nico parceiro estratgico). A palavra
partner est precedida dos adjetivos one solo e strategic.

A opo C est incorreta. O presidente trata da balana comercial
diversificada como fator que teria ajudado o pas na crise e no como
tendo sido evitada ou impedida (prevented) por regulamentaes
internas. Internal o adjetivo que est qualificando regulations.

A opo D est incorreta. A alternativa afirma que a balana
comercial diversificada foi considerada (been considered) um objetivo
(goal) inatingvel (unattainable) unattainable o adjetivo.

A opo E est correta. Assim como est no texto que a balana
comercial diversificada ajudou, a alternativa diz que ela minimizou
(minimized) os efeitos adversos (adverses o adjetivo) da crise
mundial.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
diversified: diversificado
trade balance: balana comercial
contributed: contribuido
worsen: piorar
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global economic crisis: crise econmica global
resulted: resultou
trade: comrcio
one sole: um s, um nico
strategic partner: parceiro estratgico
been: sido, estado
prevent: evitar, impedir, prevenir
internal regulations: regulamentaes internas
considered: considerado
goal: objetivo
minimized: minimizou
adverse effects: efeitos adversos
cushion: amortecer, proteger contra choques
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra E.
While Rome burns

Source: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)
1.
American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the
financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive

government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors
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have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to
respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury
secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the
approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far staving
off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central
banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash.
2.
That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in
America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of

solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal
Reserves discount window, after all, but still went under. The
burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On
some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The
average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the
riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the year.
That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good
handle on risk.
6. (ESAF/ STN/2008) As regards investors in Europe at the moment,

they are feeling
a) nervous and upset.
b) confident and optimistic.
c) reassured, but cautious.
d) slightly afraid.
e) tense, but optimistic.
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Comentrios:
Veja que as alternativas s trazem adjetivos. O enunciado diz:
quanto aos (as regards) investidores (investors), como esto se
sentindo.
H duas frases no texto com palavras-chave que aparecem
tambm em duas das alternativas:
In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance.
Nesta
frase
aparece
palavra
reassurance,
que
significa
resseguro, confiante. Na alternativa e est sendo afirmado que os

investidores esto confiantes, mas cuidadosos. Contudo, o texto est
negando que os investidores tenham tal confiana, segurana (veja que
o texto diz: have no).
That makes many watchers nervous.
Aqui no aparece a palavra investors, mas a palavra watchers,

que significa observadores em geral (o que inclui, portanto, os
investidores)
a) nervous and upset. (nervosos e preocupados)
b) confident and optimistic. (confiantes e otimistas)
c) reassured, but cautious. (confiantes, mas cautelosos)
d) slightly afraid. (levemente temerosos)
e) tense, but optimistic. (tensos, mas otimistas)
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
as regards: quanto /ao
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investors: investidores
feeling: sentindo
nervous: nervoso
upset: preocupado
confident: confidante, certo, seguro
optimistic: otimista
reassured: resseguro, confiante
cautious: cauteloso
slightly: levemente
afraid: temeroso, com medo
tense: tenso, ansioso
A world of connections
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted)
Jan 28th, 2010
To sceptics all this talk of twittering, yammering and

chattering smacks of another internet bubble in the making. They
argue that even a huge social network such as Facebook will
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struggle to make money because fickle networkers will not stay in
one place for long, pointing to the example of MySpace, which
was once all the rage but has now become a shadow of its former
self. Last year the site, which is owned by News Corp, installed a
new boss and fired 45% of its staff as part of a plan to revive its
fortunes.
Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the
benefits of online social networking in the office. A survey of
1,400 chief information officers conducted last year by Robert Half
Technology, a recruitment firm, found that only one-tenth of them
gave employees full access to such networks during the day, and
that many were blocking Facebook and Twitter altogether. The
executives biggest concern was that social networking would lead
to social networking, with employees using the sites to chat with
friends instead of doing their jobs. Some bosses also fretted that
the sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information.
7. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, the benefits of

online social networking in the office are
a) undeniable.
b) numerous.
c) long-lasting.
d) uncertain.
e) predictable.
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Comentrios:
De acordo com o pargrafo 2, os benefcios (benefits) de uma
rede social (networking) online para um escritrio (office) so....
No texto, encontramos a palavra benefits na frase:
Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the benefits of

online social networking in the office.
As palavras-chave para responder a questo so plenty (muitas)

e doubt (dvidas).
Analisando as alternativas e seus adjetivos, qual deles traz a idia
de algo duvidoso:
a) undeniable. (inegveis)
b) numerous. (numerosos)
c) long-lasting. (duradouros)
d) uncertain. (incertos) = plenty of doubt
e) predictable. (previsveis)
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
benefits: benefcios
office: escritrio
undeniable: inegvel
numerous: numeroso
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long-lasting: duradouro
uncertain: incerto
predictable: previsvel
within: em
companies: empresas
plenty of doubt: muitas dvidas
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.
8. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, some bosses also

worried that through the sites sensitive corporate information would be
a) altered.
b) distorted.
c) made classified.
d) disclosed.
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e) negotiated.
Comentrios:
De acordo com o pargrafo 2, alguns patres/chefes (bosses)
tambm temam (worried) que atravs destes sites (sites de redes
sociais)
informaes
information)
corporativas
sensveis
seriam.....Observe
que
(sensitive
informao
corporate
est
aqui
caracterizada por sensitive e corporate, dois adjetivos que antecedem

a palavra information.
No texto, a palavra bosses aparece na frase:
Some bosses also fretted that the sites would be used to leak
sensitive corporate information.
Sem se preocupar com a traduo de leak, sabendo que o texto
trata dos riscos destes sites de redes sociais para informaes sensveis
de que essas informaes sejam amplamente divulgadas, certo?
Informaes sensveis podem ser tambm informaes sigilosas, no
mesmo?
Vejamos as alternativas:
a) altered. (alteradas)
b) distorted. (distorcidas)
c) made classified.(classificadas)
d) disclosed. (abertas, divulgadas)
e) negotiated.(negociadas)
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As alternativas so todas adjetivos terminados em ed, ou seja,

formadas pelo passado particpio de verbos. As alternativas a e b
so sinnimos e a questo no pode ter duas respostas. A c e a e
no fazem sentido no contexto. Portanto, sobra a letra d. Disclosed
(divulgadas) tem o mesmo sentido que leak, que significa vazar
informaes secretas.
VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
some: alguns
bosses: chefes
also: tambm
worried: preocupado
sensitive corporate information: informaes corporativas sensveis
altered: alteradas
distorted: distorcidas
classified: classificadas
disclosed: divulgadas
negotiated: negociadas
fretted: preocupado
leak: vazar informaes secretas
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.
Tackling Corruption for Growth and Development

Source: www.ausaid.gov.au
18th Jan 2008 (Adapted)
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1.
Corruption is a major impediment to broadbased
growth and development, undermining government revenue and

expenditure on the delivery of basic services such as law and
justice, health care, education, and the maintenance of essential
infrastructure. The World Bank Institute has estimated that more
than US$1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and, over the long
run, countries that tackle corruption and improve the rule of law
can increase their national incomes by as much as four times.
2.
Corruption weakens institutions and makes states
more vulnerable to crisis. It has the potential to undermine

security in our partner countries and in the Asia-Pacific region
more broadly. Security can be threatened when governments fail
to deliver services, uphold law and order, maintain public
confidence in institutions, or control the use of resources.
3.
Corruption can lead to money politics and undermine
the decisions of democratically elected governments. It can also

open the way for a variety of other crimes such as money
laundering and trafficking in drugs, arms, and people.
9. (ESAF/CGU/2008) According to the text, the effect of corruption

on the decisions made by democratically elected governments is that
these decisions
a) become more legitimate and effective.
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b) gradually become less effective.
c) are implemented in a shorter period of time.
d) gain both credibility and morale.
e) may lose legitimacy and credibility.
Comentrios:
O enunciado no diz o pargrafo a que se refere a questo.
Teremos que procurar no texto onde o assunto foi tratado.
Vejamos as palavras-chave do enunciado:
According to the text, the effect of corruption on the decisions
made
by
democratically
elected
is
governments
that
these
decisions
A questo trata do efeito (effect) da corrupo nas decises
tomadas (decisions made) pelos governos democraticamente eleitos
(democratically elected governments), certo?
Quando
voltamos
ao
texto,
percebemos
que
palavra
democratically aparece na primeira frase do pargrafo 3.

Corruption can lead to money politics and undermine the decisions
of democratically elected governments.
Agora, vejamos as alternativas:

A opo A est incorreta. Vimos que a questo trata da corrupo
e sua influncia nas decises dos governos democraticamente eleitos. A
alternativa afirma que, como efeito da corrupo, as decises tornamse mais legtimas e efetivas. Isso no poderia ser verdadeiro, no
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mesmo? Aqui temos a forma comparativa (more) dos adjetivos
legitimate e effective.

A opo B est correta. O texto diz que a corrupo mina,
enfraquece (undermine) as decises, ou seja, as decises vo se
tornando menos (less) efetivas com a corrupo. A palavra undermine
tem o significado de arruinar gradativamente (gradually), minar.

A opo C est incorreta. Tambm no h no texto a informao
de que as decises, considerando a ocorrncia de corrupo, sejam
implementadas num perodo de tempo mais curto (shorter forma
comparativa do adjetivo short) do que se no houvesse corrupo.

A opo D est incorreta.
Ao contrrio do que o texto afirma,
esta alternativa diz que as decises ganham credibilidade e moralidade.

A opo E est incorreta.
O texto no diz claramente que as
decises dos governos democraticamente eleitos perdem legitimidade e

credibilidade. O texto diz que a corrupo enfraquece as decises e usa
o verbo undermine, que tem a idia de processo gradativo.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
democratically: democraticamente
elected: eleito
goernments: governos
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lead: conduzir, levar
undermine: minar, enfraquecer
become: tornar-se
less effective: menos efetivo
gradually: gradualmente
implemented: implementado
shorter: mais curto, menor
morale: moral
gain: ganho, benefcio, vantagem
both: ambos
credibility: credibilidade
lose: perder
legitimacy: legitimidade
Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.
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Land of Promise
Source: www.economist.com/specialreports
April 12th 2007 (Adapted)
1.
In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected
Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICsthe developing countries that would share dominance of the world
economy by 2050.
2.
In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs.
Unlike China and Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; unlike

India it has no serious disputes with its neighbours. It is the only
BRIC
without
nuclear
bomb.
The
Heritage
Foundations
Economic Freedom Index, which measures such factors as

protection
of
property
rights
and
free
trade,
ranks
Brazil
(moderate free) above the other BRICs (mostly unfree). One

of the main reasons why Brazils growth has been slower than
Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized.
3.
The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists
because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia.

Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese
king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather
than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.
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10. (ESAF/CGU/2008) In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to
as
a) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario.
b) the slowest-growing economies of the present.
c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future.
d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years.
e) being todays richest and most prosperous economies.
Comentrios:
Logo no enunciado, mesmo para quem tem apenas noes
bsicas de ingls, j d para saber que para responder a questo
bastar ler o pargrafo 1.
A questo quer saber o que o texto do pargrafo 1 diz sobre os
quatro pases. Ento vamos ler apenas o pargrafo 1 e tentar
identificar o vocabulrio-chave:
In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected Brazil, along
with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICs- the developing
countries that would share dominance of the world economy by
2050.
Significado desse vocabulrio em destaque
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
investment bank: banco de investimentos
selected: selecionou
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developing countries: pases em desenvolvimento
would share dominance: compartilharo domnio
DICA: Observe que das 10 palavraschave, 6 so verdadeiros cognatos,

ou
seja,
assemelham
ingls.
palavras
no
que
portugus
Felizmente
elas
se
e
so
no
a
maioria!
O que podemos extrair deste pargrafo, observando as palavraschave em destaque : Em 2003, um banco de investimentos
selecionou o Brasil, juntamente com a Rssia, a ndia e a China para
ser um BRICs pases em desenvolvimento que compartilharo o
domnio da economia mundial at 2050. Temos a as seguintes palavras
chaves:
E quanto a esses quatro pases,vamos s opes de resposta:

A opo A est errada. No improvvel (unlikely) que os 4
pases tenham papel chave (key role) no cenrio da economia
mundial. O primeiro pargrafo afirma exatamente o contrrio.
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IMPORTANTE
Adjetivos iniciados com UN.
Outros exemplos:
Unlikely = Improvvel
unable (incapaz)
Prefixo UN contrrio, negativo
unaware (inconsciente)
Logo, likely=provvel
unusual (incomum)
unstable (instvel)

A opo B est errada. O texto no afirma que essas quatro
economias so as que esto crescendo de modo mais lento
atualmente. O texto claro ao se referir ao tempo futuro, ano de 2050.
Nem se trata aqui de saber ingls, mas de observar datas.
Como vimos no incio da aula, slowest Outros exemplos:
forma superlativa de slow.
Fastest (mais rpido), richest (mais

rico),
Slowest = mais lento, devagar

Sufixo EST para formar superlativos
da maioria dos adjetivos curtos em
poorest
(melhor),
(mais
most
desenvolvidos),
pobre),
developed
most
best
(mais
prosperous
(mais prspero).
ingls. Para os adjetivos longos usamos

o MOST.
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A opo C est correta. Como vimos no comentrio da opo a,

likely significa provvel. O texto afirma que os 4 pases provavelmente
dominaro a economia mundial.
A opo D est errada, o texto no diz que as 4 economias

cresceram de modo mais acelerado nos ltimos 50 anos. Como vimos
no comentrio do item b, -EST est formando o superlativo do adjetivo
fast (rpido, acelerado).
IMPORTANTE
Growing = crescendo ou crescimento, a depender da frase em que aparece.
Sufixo ING pode formar gerndio de verbos, mas tambm substantivos.

A opo E est errada. Como vimos, o texto no diz que as 4
economias so as mais ricas (most prosperous forma superlativa de
prosperous) nem tampouco as mais prsperas no presente (today).
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11. (ESAF/CGU/2008)
In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazils
growth to Chinas and Indias and, therefore, defines it as
a) not being as fast.

b) dependent on the latter.
c) unexpectedly higher.
d) not as stable.
e) the least steady.
Comentrios:
Agora vamos ao pargrafo 2. Neste pargrafo o autor compara o

crescimento do Brasil ao da China e ndia. Observe que a questo quer
saber como definido o crescimento (growth) do Brasil.
DICA: A Banca quer que o candidato

consiga identificar as caractersticas
do
crescimento
do
Brasil
que
aparecem no texto na forma de

adjetivos. Destaque os adjetivos.
In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Unlike China and
Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious
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disputes with its neighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear
bomb. The Heritage Foundations Economic Freedom Index, which
measures such factors as protection of property rights and free trade,
ranks Brazil (moderate free) above the other BRICs (mostly
unfree). One of the main reasons why Brazils growth has been
slower than Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer and more
urbanized.
Primeiro perceba que o tema central tratado neste pargrafo a
economia brasileira. Observe as palavras-chave em destaque vermelho.
Esses so os adjetivos para responder questo. Ao identificar, seno
todos, pelo menos alguns dos adjetivos do texto, podemos matar a
questo:
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
steadiest = mais estvel
full-blooded = forte
moderate-free = moderadamente livre
slower = mais lento (prefixo er para comparativo)
richer = mais rico (prefixo er para comparativo)
more urbanized = mais urbanizado (prefixo er para comparativo)
Vejamos as opes de resposta:
A opo A est correta. Na ltima frase do pargrafo 2 o autor

afirma que a razo para que o crescimento econmico brasileiro seja
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mais lento (slower than) que o da China e da ndia que o Brasil
mais rico (richer) e mais urbanizado (more urbanized). A opo
descreve o crescimento do Brasil como no sendo to rpido quanto
ao da China e ndia (not as fast as as...as, como vimos no incio da
aula, expresso usada para comparar. Significa to/tanto ... quanto).
A opo B est incorreta. No h no texto qualquer afirmao de

que o crescimento brasileiro seja dependente dos outros pases. Latter
significa ltimo ou mencionado em segundo lugar. Voltando ao
enunciado da questo, o segundo pas mencionado foi ndia. Contudo,
observe que mesmo sem saber o significado desta palavra no h no
texto qualquer meno dependncia. Pelo contrrio, quem tem o
mnimo de conhecimento em ingls e conseguiu identificar a palavra
FREE (livre) no pargrafo 2, j poderia sacar que esse item est
incorreto.
A letra C est incorreta. Lembre-se que estamos falando de
crescimento. O item fala unexpectedly higher (un-expectedly =
inesperado - lembrem-se do prefixo un) (high-er= comparativo de
high: mais alto). Se voltarmos aos adjetivos que marcamos no texto
no h essa afirmao. No confunda com richer (na ltima frase do
pargrafo 2) com higher richer no texto est se referindo ao pas
Brasil e no ao crescimento. No necessariamente um pas que mais
rico ter um crescimento mais elevado (comparem China e EUA, por
exemplo).
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d) not as stable.
A letra D est incorreta. Na primeira frase do pargrafo temos:

In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs(). Logo, Brasil o
mais estvel. Como j vimos acima, stead (estvel) +est = superlativo
(mais estvel). O item diz not as stable (no to estvel). Veja bem:
stead = stable =
estvel
A letra E est incorreta. O crescimento brasileiro no o menos

(LEAST) estvel. Na primeira frase do pargrafo temos: In some ways
Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs(). Logo, Brasil o mais estvel.
MORE x
LESS
MOST x LEAST
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REVISO DO VOCABULRIO-CHAVE
A partir deste momento vamos revisar a aula por meio do quadro

do vocabulrio-chave.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
relation: relao
monitoring: monitoramento
financial health: sade financeira
companies: companhias
licensed: licenciadas
provide: oferecer, fornecer, produzir
state regulators: reguladores estatais
through: atravs
analysis: anlises
detailed: detalhadas
annual: anual
financial statements: demonstraes financeiras
insurers: segurador, seguradora
are required: so demandados, solicitados
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to file: seguir
periodic: peridico
on-site examinations: exame, investigao in loco
currently: atualmente
designing: desenvolvendo
tool: ferramenta
resort to: recorrer a
outsource: terceirizar
further: mais profundo, mais distante
assess: avaliar, estimar, calcular
most effective procedures: procedimentos mais efetivos
likely: provvelmente, tendente
adopt: adotar
growth: crescimento
new order: nova ordem
getting back to normal: voltando ao normal
will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser
subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) reduzido, reduziu
unemployment: desemprego
will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur
high: alto
strengthening: fortalecimento, fortalecer
priority: prioridade
measure: medida
risky: arriscado
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pivotal: fundamental, essencial, piv
unnecessary: desnecessrio
advisable: aconselhvel
diversified: diversificado
trade balance: balana comercial
contributed: contribuido
worsen: piorar
global economic crisis: crise econmica global
resulted: resultou
trade: comrcio
one sole: um s, um nico
strategic partner: parceiro estratgico
been: sido, estado
prevent: evitar, impedir, prevenir
internal regulations: regulamentaes internas
considered: considerado
goal: objetivo
minimized: minimizou
adverse effects: efeitos adversos
cushion: amortecer, proteger contra choques
as regards: quanto /ao
investors: investidores
feeling: sentindo
nervous: nervoso
upset: preocupado
confident: confidante, certo, seguro
optimistic: otimista
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reassured: resseguro, confiante
cautious: cauteloso
slightly: levemente
afraid: temeroso, com medo
tense: tenso, ansioso
benefits: benefcios
office: escritrio
undeniable: inegvel
numerous: numeroso
long-lasting: duradouro
uncertain: incerto
predictable: previsvel
within: em
companies: empresas
plenty of doubt: muitas dvidas
some: alguns
bosses: chefes
also: tambm
worried: preocupado
sensitive corporate information: informaes corporativas sensveis
altered: alteradas
distorted: distorcidas
classified: classificadas
disclosed: divulgadas
negotiated: negociadas
fretted: preocupado
leak: vazar informaes secretas
democratically: democraticamente
elected: eleito
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goernments: governos
lead: conduzir, levar
undermine: minar, enfraquecer
become: tornar-se
less effective: menos efetivo
gradually: gradualmente
implemented: implementado
shorter: mais curto, menor
morale: moral
gain: ganho, benefcio, vantagem
both: ambos
credibility: credibilidade
lose: perder
legitimacy: legitimidade
investment bank: banco de investimentos
selected: selecionou
developing countries: pases em desenvolvimento
would share dominance: compartilharo domnio
steadiest = mais estvel
full-blooded = forte
moderate-free = moderadamente livre
slower = mais lento (prefixo er para comparativo)
richer = mais rico (prefixo er para comparativo)
more urbanized = mais urbanizado (prefixo er para comparativo)
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QUESTES DA AULA
Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds
Source: www.iii.org
Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)
1.
The regulation of insurance company solvency is a
function of the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services

Modernization Act of 1999, which allowed banks, securities firms,
insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and
sell one anothers products, continues this practice. State regulators
monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance
in their state
through analysis of the
detailed annual financial
statements that insurers are required to file and periodic on-site

examinations. When a company is found to be in poor financial
condition, regulators can take various actions to try to save it.
Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.
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1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial
health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators
a) are currently designing two tools to follow it.

2. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do

occur, which means they
a) actually happen.
The long climb

Source: www.economist.com
st Oct, 2009 (Adapted)
1.
The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,
but it will be a new normal. This phrase has caught on, even if
people disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as
defined by Pimcos CEO, Mohamed El-Erian, growth will be
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subdued and unemployment will remain high. The banking
system will be a shadow of its former self, and the securitization
markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt, will
presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier and
investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which
prosperity depends, will erode.
2.
The crisis invited a forceful government entry into
several of capitalisms inner sanctums, such as banking, American

carmaking and the commercial-paper market. Mr El-Erian worries
that the state may overstay its welcome. In addition, national
exchequers may start to feel some measure of the fiscal strain
now hobbling California. Americas Treasury, in particular, must
demonstrate that it is still a responsible shepherd of other
countries savings.
In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is
3. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009)
defined as
e) unpredictable.
Reason with him

Source: www.newsweek.com
22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)
Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was

regarded as an underachiever, and the last among the BRIC
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nations. Now Brazil is considered a star among emerging
countries. Whats happened?
Lula: No one respects anyone who doesnt respect themselves.
And Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always
told ourselves we were the country of the future. But we never
transformed these qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized
world you cannot sit still. You have to hit the road and sell your
country. So we decided to make strengthening Mercosul (the
South American trading bloc) a priority, and deepened our
relations with Latin America in general. We prioritized trade with
Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively. Our trade
balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of the
economic crisis.
Q2: Margolis: Has Brazils success in navigating the
economic crisis changed investorsviews?
Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market.
We had consumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of
the sales tax and asked the companies to offer consumers credit
on affordable items. Its the same case with refrigerators, stoves,
washing
machines,
and
with
computers
and
the
housing
construction.
Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries?
Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to
play, and has great responsibility. We dont want the state to
manage business. But it can be an inducer of growth and can work
in harmony with society.
4. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) In his answer to question 1, Brazils

president refers to strengthening Mercosul as a priority. In other
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words, a measure he considered
a) risky.
b) unattainable.
c) pivotal.
d) unnecessary.
e) advisable.
5. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) Brazils president refers to the countrys

diversified trade balance as having
While Rome burns

Source: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)
1.
American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the
financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive

government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors
have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to
respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury
secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the
approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far staving
off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central
banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash.
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2.
That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in
America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of

solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal
Reserves discount window, after all, but still went under. The
burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On
some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The
average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the
riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the year.
That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good
handle on risk.
6. (ESAF/ STN/2008) As regards investors in Europe at the moment,

they are feeling
a) nervous and upset.
b) confident and optimistic.
c) reassured, but cautious.
d) slightly afraid.
e) tense, but optimistic.
A world of connections
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted)
Jan 28th, 2010
To sceptics all this talk of twittering, yammering and

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chattering smacks of another internet bubble in the making. They
argue that even a huge social network such as Facebook will
struggle to make money because fickle networkers will not stay in
one place for long, pointing to the example of MySpace, which was
once all the rage but has now become a shadow of its former self.
Last year the site, which is owned by News Corp, installed a new
boss and fired 45% of its staff as part of a plan to revive its
fortunes.
Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the
benefits of online social networking in the office. A survey of 1,400
chief information officers conducted last year by Robert Half
Technology, a recruitment firm, found that only one-tenth of them
gave employees full access to such networks during the day, and
that many were blocking Facebook and Twitter altogether. The
executives biggest concern was that social networking would lead
to social networking, with employees using the sites to chat with
friends instead of doing their jobs. Some bosses also fretted that
the sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information.
7. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, the benefits of

online social networking in the office are
a) undeniable.
b) numerous.
c) long-lasting.
d) uncertain.
e) predictable.
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8. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, some bosses also
worried that through the sites sensitive corporate information would be
a) altered.
b) distorted.
c) made classified.
d) disclosed.
e) negotiated.
Tackling Corruption for Growth and Development

Source: www.ausaid.gov.au
18th Jan 2008 (Adapted)
1.
Corruption is a major impediment to broadbased
growth and development, undermining government revenue and

expenditure on the delivery of basic services such as law and
justice, health care, education, and the maintenance of essential
infrastructure. The World Bank Institute has estimated that more
than US$1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and, over the long
run, countries that tackle corruption and improve the rule of law
can increase their national incomes by as much as four times.
2.
Corruption weakens institutions and makes states

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more vulnerable to crisis. It has the potential to undermine
security in our partner countries and in the Asia-Pacific region
more broadly. Security can be threatened when governments fail
to deliver services, uphold law and order, maintain public
confidence in institutions, or control the use of resources.
3.
Corruption can lead to money politics and undermine
the decisions of democratically elected governments. It can also

open the way for a variety of other crimes such as money
laundering and trafficking in drugs, arms, and people.
9. (ESAF/CGU/2008) According to the text, the effect of corruption on

the decisions made by democratically elected governments is that these
decisions
Land of Promise
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Source: www.economist.com/specialreports
April 12th 2007 (Adapted)
4.
In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected
Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICsthe developing countries that would share dominance of the world
economy by 2050.
5.
In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs.
Unlike China and Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; unlike

India it has no serious disputes with its neighbours. It is the only
BRIC
without
nuclear
bomb.
The
Heritage
Foundations
Economic Freedom Index, which measures such factors as

protection
of
property
rights
and
free
trade,
ranks
Brazil
(moderate free) above the other BRICs (mostly unfree). One

of the main reasons why Brazils growth has been slower than
Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized.
6.
The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists
because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia.

Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese
king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather
than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.
10. (ESAF/CGU/2008) In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to

as
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11. (ESAF/CGU/2008)
In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazils
growth to Chinas and Indias and, therefore, defines it as

d) not as stable.
GABARITO
1-B
2-A
3-C
4-C
5-E
7-D
8-D
9-B
10-C
11-A
6-A
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PACOTE DE TEORIA E EXERCCIOS PARA AUDITOR-FISCAL DA RECEITA

AULA 02 - ADJETIVOS E ADVRBIOS

caracterstica do substantivo, certo? Os adjetivos em ingls tm a

Para interpretar corretamente os textos das provas de ingls da

Alguns dos adjetivos mais comuns em ingls tm formas

Adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas

Em resumo, o que voc precisa saber est no quadro da prxima

adj curto + er + than

slower than (mais lento)

latter than (mais tarde)

more + adj longo + than

more urbanized than

less + adj longo + than

(mais urbanizado que)

better than (melhor)

worse than (pior)

adj curto + est

most + adj longo

least + adj longo

as fast as (to rpido quanto)

Adjetivos terminados em ed e ing.

e o ing tambm foram adjetivos. O ed corresponde, em

bearded=barbado). O ing corresponde, em portugus, s terminaes

semelhante em portugus quando dizemos, por exemplo:

Muitos advrbios, principalmente os de modo, freqncia e

Slow (lento, devagar)

Slowly (lentamente, devagar)

Como no possvel acrescentar um ly a adjetivos que j

Ateno para um advrbio que em nada semelhante ao

Agora, vejamos como os adjetivos e advrbios so cobrados em

DICA: Antes de ler o texto, no

Examinadora quer de voc.

The regulation of insurance company solvency is a

function of the state. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services

1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial

Felizmente elas so maioria! Mas

O texto trata do assunto monitoring na seguinte frase:

b) might resort to actions designed to assist them.

c) may decide to outsource any further analysis.

por terceirizar (outsource) anlises mais

profundas (further = como vimos, esta a forma comparativa do

d) have been assessing the most effective procedures.

e) are likely to adopt the analysis of their statements.

Forma adjetivos e advrbios

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.

2. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) According to the text, insolvencies do

insolvencies do occur. S ser necessrio encontrar esta expresso no

Adjetivos + Sufixo LY = advrbio

Logo, actual = real, efetivo

CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!

Atualmente = nowadays, presently

usually (usualmente, habitualmente)

b) are undoubtedly preventable.

c) hardly take place.

d) do not pose a threat.

e) used to be more frequent.

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.

The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,

The crisis invited a forceful government entry into

In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is

Qual a opo mais retrata o crescimento econmico (growth) na nova

a) both real and active.