6.

0 RESULTS & DATA ANALYSIS

The table below shows the readings of major diameter, minor diameter and effective
diameter of the screw thread specimen that were obtained from the profile projectile model
Mitutoyo PH 3500. Three readings were taken for major and minor diameter whereas one
reading for effective diameter.
Table: Major, Minor and Effective diameter of screw thread specimen.
Reading

Major diameter

Minor diameter

Effective diameter

1
2
3
Average
Theoretical diameter

(mm)
29.982
29.997
29.996
29.992
30.000

(mm)
24.870
24.863
24.885
24.873
26.753

(mm)
27.595
27.595
28.376

(mm)
Percentage of error (%)

0.03

7.03

2.75

Sample of Calculations
Average reading of major diameter of screw thread specimen;

Average =

of diameter
Total readings
29.982+29.997+ 29.996
3

= 29.992mm

Theoretical minor diameter;

p=3.0mm
5H
Dminortheo = 30 - 2 8
where H = 1.5tan600

= 2.598mm

5 2.598
Dminortheo = 30 - 2
8
= 26.753mm

Theoretical effective diameter;

5 2.598
Defftheo = 30 - 2
16
= 28.376mm

Percentage of error for minor diameter;

Percentage of error =

experimental valuetheoretical values

theoretical values

24.87326.753

26.753

x 100

x 100

= 7.03%

Percentage of error for major diameter;

Percentage of error =

experimental valuetheoretical values

theoretical values

29.99230.000

30.000

= 0.03%
Percentage of error for effective diameter;

x 100

x 100

Percentage of error =

experimental valuetheoretical values

theoretical values

27.59528.376

28.376

x 100

x 100

= 2.75%
7.0 DISCUSSION

Based on the results obtained, the profile measure of screw plug gauge have been
calculated and tabulated. The profile was measured using profile projectile model Mitutoyo
PH 3500. The machine is to project the profile of the specimen horizontally and vertically.
The specimen was placed on the optical system machine and the screen project the shadow of
the specimen thread. The screen is projecting the shadow that representing the minor and
major diameter of the specimen that need to be measure.
The percentage error calculated for minor diameter, major diameter and effective
diameter of the screw thread is 7.03, 0.03 and 2.73 respectively. The error is small which
means that the readings shown by the profile projector machine have high accuracy with 3
decimal places. Reading and handling this machine do not need high skills however the huge
size of this machine makes it unportable. In ergonomics aspect, the profile projector machine
has it advantages which are it does not stress the eyes of the reader and does not consume
time while taking the reading.
During this modern era of industries, most of the company uses the Profile Projector
Machine rather than the Floating Carriage Diameter Measuring Machine. This is because the
optical system is much more reliable, easy to be learned by any ages of human and produce
faster result.

8.0 CONCLUSION
Based from the experiment, the objective of the experiment which is to check the profile
and measure the parameters (major & minor diameter) of the given specimen (screw gauge
thread) by using Profile Projecting Machine and Floating Carriage Diameter Measuring
Machine are successfully achieved. From the result that had been obtained during this
experiment, there were several errors occur during taking the reading for the specimen. These
errors may be occurring due to incorrectly handling the measurement instrument or not
applying the proper procedure when taking the reading. Even though these errors occur
during the experiment, the result that is obtained was not far from the standard specimen
parameters (screw thread standard parameters). Thus, it can be conclude that different
product will have different types of profile and certain parameters can be obtained by
measuring the product by using suitable measurement instrument. Quality, reliability and
overall precision of the finished product to a large extent depend on the basic parameters of
the machine used to do the job.

9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
There are several ideas that had been proposed in order to improve the accuracy in the
experiments.

i)

When taking reading for both profile measurement, make sure that the image on
the Profile Projector Machine is very sharp and clear while for the Floating
Carriage Diameter Measuring Machine use, magnifying glasses that are prepared
for taking the measurement because the scale is small and it is easy to do
mistakes.

ii)

Avoid Parallax error when taking the reading on the Floating Carriage
Diameter Measuring Machine. Make sure the eye is perpendicular with the scale
before the reading is taken.