TAKE HOME EXAM: SEMI-FINAL

NAT-SCI-3
BY: JOLINA MEDENILLA SABUTAN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION-2
TO: MRS. RUBY MIJARES
INSTRUCTRESS
POPULATION GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
BIODIVERSITY

ENERGY

CRUDE BIRTH RATE

The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring among
the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per
1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during
the same year.
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
The total fertility rate (TFR), sometimes also called thefertility rate, period
total fertility rate (PTFR) or total period fertility rate (TPFR) of a population
is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her
lifetime. The TFR is a synthetic rate, not based on the fertility of any real

group of women since this would involve waiting until they had completed
childbearing. Nor is it based on counting up the total number of children
actually born over their lifetime. Instead, the TFR is based on the age-specific
fertility rates of women in their "child-bearing years", which in conventional
international statistical usage is ages 1544 or 1549.[3]
The TFR is, therefore, a measure of the fertility of an imaginary woman who
passes through her reproductive life subject to all the age-specific fertility rates
for ages 1549 that were recorded for a given population in a given year.

CRUDE DEATH RATE

Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in
general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the
size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in
units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out
of 1,000) in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that
entire population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from the so-called
"morbidityrate" (a vague term sometimes used to refer to either
the prevalence orincidence of a disease[

ZERO POPULATION GROWTH

Zero population growth refers to a populationthat is unchanging
it is neither growing, nor declining; the growth rate is zero. This
demographic balance could occur when the birth rate and death rate
are equal.

BIODIVERSITY
1.Biodiversity is the variety of life. It can be studied on many levels. At the
highest level, you can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. On a
much smaller scale, you can study biodiversity within a pond ecosystem or a
neighborhood park. Identifying and understanding the relationships between all

the life on Earth are some of the greatest challenges in science. There are

About 8.7 million (give or take 1.3 million) is the new, estimated total
number of species on Earth -- the most precise calculation ever
offered -- with 6.5 million species on land and 2.2 million in oceans.
Announced by the Census of Marine Life, the figure is based on a
new analytical technique.
2. Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, or on
Earth more generally. Maintaining biodiversity is important for many reasons,
not least of which are the many direct benefits to humankind. Biodiversity
tends to be closely tied in the popular imagination with philosophical or purely
environmentalist ethics, but there are a number of very practical reasons to
support biodiversity conservation. In the field of human health, robust
biodiversity has led to the development of drugs that come from plants or
microbes. Around half of all drugs on the market in the United States are
derived from plants, animals, or microbial organisms. Although in recent
decades more research has been spent on developing synthetic drugs, many
believe that the energy and money would be better spent on exploring new
treatment options based on natural sources. In this case, maintaining
biodiversity has an obvious benefit: the more plants, animals, and microbes
that exist, the better the chances of finding treatments for a wide range of
diseases and conditions. Biodiversity also helps humans in the agricultural,
business, and industrial sectors. In agriculture, diversity among crops helps to
reduce weakness to disease and to improve overall hardiness and crop
performance. Most of the worst agricultural disasters throughout history can be
linked to being overly dependent on only one strain of one kind of crop; the
Irish potato famine being the foremost example of this. Within industry, various
living organisms provide many of the base materials used in manufacturing.
Maintaining biodiversity allows scientists to find even more ways to use these
and other organic materials to push forward industrial development. Beyond

these very straightforward advantages to biodiversity conservation, most

ecological systems that humans need to survive also rely on a biologically
diverse ecosystem to operate. This is true for purifying water, the recycling of
nutrients in soil, and the pollination of flowers, among many other things. It is
very difficult for people to properly replicate these intricate ecosystems with
man-made alternatives. All life on earth depends on a varied and diverse
natural environment, and naturally, that includes humans as well.
3. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) is
one of the few dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the
1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions
outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).[1]The ESA was signed into law by President
Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically
imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and
development untempered by adequate concern and conservation." The U.S.
Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA
"was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the
cost."[1] The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA).
1.