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Introduction

A patient who have cataract experiences cloudy or blurry

vision,poor nigth vision and double vision or multiple images in one

eye. Most cataracts are related to aging and very common in older

people at old age. The risks factors are those people with a certain

diseases for example is diabetes, bad habit like smoking and

drinking and prolong exposure to ultraviolet sunlight. The cataract

should be removed only when vision loss interferes with your

everyday activities, such as driving, reading, or watching TV.

Patients should undergo a certain procedure to remove the

clouding in the lens of their eye. There are two types of cataract

surgery: Phacoemulsification or phaco makes small incision in the

side of cornea and Extracapsular surgery makes long incision in the

side of cornea. But the surgery is depending on the thickness of the

tissue in the cornea.

People, who wear glasses or contact lenses, wish that they

can do away with these add-ons to their eyes that hamper their

image and lower their self esteem. Now cataract patient have the

option to have their vision improve to a clear vision without using

glasses or contact lenses after taking one of the cataract surgery.

Surgeons offer the treatment for improving the eye vision and that
is the laser eye treatment that can correct the vision of patients

also suffering with myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

Laser eye treatment is categorized as an outpatient

procedure and it is done under local anesthesia. The laser removes

tissue from the cornea without damaging nearby the tissues. And

operation on one eye takes about 10 to 15 minutes and it offers a

quick visual recovery.

The researcher should able to describe the satisfactory of the

eye laser treatment, know the effectiveness of the treatment and

determine the possible side effects of eye laser treatment

performed among cataract patient

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine the following:

1. What are the possible effects of the eye laser treatment

performed among cataract patient?

2. How to measure the satisfaction of the patient?

3. How effective the eye laser treatment performed among

cataract patient?

Theoretical Framework
This table shows the connection of each causes and effects.

Causes Effects

Cataract there is a clouding of the lens

in the eye that affects vision

Phacoemulsification Makes a small incision in the

side of cornea to remove the

cataract

Extracapsular surgery Makes long incision in the side

of the cornea to remove the

cataract

Eye Laser treatment Re-shaping the cornea to

improve the vision of the eye

The cataract is one of the eye problems wherein there is the

clouding in the lens of the eye that makes the vision lost that

causes blindness. Age has a big role in this problem because as the

age increases the possible condition of the eye vision lost increases

also.
To cure the cataract, the patient needs to undergo a certain

procedure or surgery. These are the Pharcoemulsification Surgery

or phaco that makes a small incision in the side of the cornea to

remove the cataract and the Extracapsular Surgery that makes a

long incision in the side of the cornea to remove the cataract. The

cataract patients have the option to improve their vision to a clear

vision after undergoing a certain cataract surgery. And this is the

eye laser treatment. Laser eye treatment is fast and it only lasts

for 5 to 10 minutes and usually causes no pain during the surgery

and patients would not need any enhancement which is a second

surgery. This treatment is also for patients suffering with myopia,

hyperopia and astigmatism.

This reseach is under by Florence Nightingale’s

Environmental Theory and Dorethea Orem’s Self Care Theory. It is

stated in Nightingale’s theory that Any deficiency in one or more of

factors such as pure or fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage,

cleanliness, and light (especially direct sunlight) could lead to

impaired functioning of life processes or diminished health status.

Light or direct sunlight can affect the eye vision that may lead to

blurred vision. While in Orem’s theory base on the concepts of self

care that comprises those activities performed independently by


an individual to promote and maintain personal well-being

throughout life.

Assumptions

Throughout the course of the study, the researchers will make the following

assumptions:

1) The respondents will answer the survey questions in all honesty.

2) The significant others (such as the patient) will participates answering the survey

questions and in participating in oral interviews.

3) The responses of the doctors to the eye laser treatment satisfaction scale will

apparently reveal their quality of the laser in terms of global satisfaction, pleasant

affect, and unpleasant affect.

Hypothesis of the Study

There is no evidence that eye laser treatment causes

intensive side effects.

Significance of the Study

The study will benefit the chairman of the barangay and the

staffs. It will help the community to understand the importance of

eye laser procedure. This study will help the community to fully

understand the importance of treating eye disease. It will also

encourage the community on how to differentiate the surgical and

medical management of the procedure.


This reseach will also benefits the patient who are not yet

aware in his/her condition. They will learn on how to take care of

their eyes. Lasly it will help the health care providers including

nurses.

Scope and Limitation

This is for people who experiencing low vision . The eye laser

treatment is one of there solutions after

Definition of terms

CONCEPTIONAL DEFINITION

EYE LASER TREATMENT- Laser eye treatments are used in

refractive surgery to reshape the cornea, correcting doubled or

blurry vision. Unlike glasses or contact lenses that temporarily

correct vision, laser eye treatments are surgeries that permanently

correct a person's vision.

CATARACT- A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens, the part of

the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp
images. The lens is contained in a sealed bag or capsule. As old

cells die they become trapped within the capsule.

Phacoemulsifiction surgery- phacoemulsification involves removing

the eye's natural lens while leaving in place the back of the

capsule, which holds the lens in place. The difference with

phacoemulsification is that the cataract is broken into tiny pieces

that are suctioned from the eye through a smaller incision than that

required by other forms of cataract surgery.

Extracapsular surgery- is a category of eye surgery in which the

lens of the eye is removed while the elastic capsule that covers the

lens is left partially intact to allow implantation of an intraocular

lens (IOL). This approach is contrasted with intracapsular cataract

extraction (ICCE), an older procedure in which the surgeon

removed the complete lens within its capsule and left the eye

aphakic (without a lens).

CORNEA- is the transparent portion of the eye which allows light to

enter and performs two-thirds of the focusing tasks. The cornea

also covers both the iris, the colored portion of the external eye,

and the pupil, the reactive 'light meter' in front of the lens. There

are no blood vessels in the cornea, but there are several nerves.
Title:

Evaluating the Quality of Eye-Laser Treatment Performed Among Cataract

Patients

Why depending on the tickness of the tissue The inability to perceive visual stimuli,
vision loss can be sudden or gradual and temporary or permanent. The deficit can range from a slight

impairment of vision to total blindness. It can result from an ocular, neurologic, or systemic disorder or

from trauma or the use of certain drugs. The ultimate visual outcome may depend on early, accurate

diagnosis and treatment.? Astigmatism is a visual disorder where the eye cannot properly focus due to

misshapen cornea or lens. Unlike myopia (near-sightedness) and hyperopia (far-sightedness), which

are both poorly focused in one particular direction, the visual disorder is more complex in astigmatism,

with more complex variations. Although astigmatism is not the same as myopia or hyperopia, it often

occurs in people with either of these conditions.

Chapter 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods utilized by the researchers in completing the

study.

Research Design

The study is a descriptive- correlational type of research which describes data and characteristics about the

population or phenomena in study. It is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to

describe ‘what exists’ with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. It answers the questions who, what, where,

when, and how. The research methodologies and procedures such as observations, surveys, self- reports, and tests are

involved in this study. Hence, the study attempts to assess the self- concept of adolescents with cleft lip from selected

barangays within Lipa City and its correlation with the life satisfaction of the individuals involved.

Sources of DataPrimary Source

The responses of the primary respondents to the Pasao Self-Concept Rating Scale and the Diener’s

Satisfaction with Life Scale serve as the main sources of primary data utilized in the study.

Secondary Source

Books, journals, magazines, previous studies related to the variables involved in the study served as the

secondary sources of data.

Sampling Design

Purposive sampling was utilized in the study since cleft palate itself is rare and adolescents with the said

condition may be difficult to locate and recruit for a study. This sampling technique targets a particular group of people

and has particular purpose.

Respondents of the Study

The primary respondents are 31 adolescents aged 12- 21, with treated cleft palate. The particular types of cleft

palate of the respondents vary from isolated cleft palate to cleft lip with cleft palate. Hence, the said respondents are

residents of 17 barangays in Lipa City who have intact families and are studying. Residents of the town accessible to the

researchers were primarily considered for the convenience in data gathering. The study focused on adolescents primarily

because the researchers can relate most to them.


Research Locale

The study was conducted at 17 barangays of Lipa City, a first class city in the province of Batangas, Philippines.

Situated 78 kilometers south of Manila, the city is bounded by the town of Santo Tomas in the northeast, San Pablo of

Laguna and San Antonio of Quezon in the east, the municipalities of Padre Garcia and Rosario in the southeast, the

municipalities of Ibaan and San Jose in the southwest, the municipalities of Cuenca and Mataas na Kahoy and Taal Lake

in the southwest and the municipalities of Balete and Malvar in the northwest. The city is a major recreational, religious,

commercial, industrial and educational center in Central Batangas province. The 31 respondents include: two residents of

Poblacion Brgy. 4; five from Sabang; one from San Jose; four from Antipolo del Sur; one from Sto. Toribio; two from

Antipolo Del Norte; three from Inosluban; one from Poblacion Brgy. 10; one from Bolbok; one from Tambo; three from

Kayumanggi; two from San Celestino; one from Sto. Nino; one from Bagong Pook; one from Tangway; one from

Poblacion Brgy. 7; and one from Mataas na Lupa. Out of the 73 barangays of Lipa City, the said 17 barangays were

chosen as the focus of the locale.

Among the 31 respondents, the majority come from Brgy. Sabang or roughly 16.2% of the population. Those

coming from Antipolo del Sur follow next at 12.9%. Respondents from Brgy. Inosluban and Brgy. Tambo tie up, each

taking 9.7% of the total respondents. Respondents from Poblacion Brgy. 4, Antipolo del Norte, and San Celestino come

next at 6.5% each. Lastly, respondents from Brgy. San Jose, Brgy. Sto. Toribio, Poblacion Brgy. 10, Brgy. Bolbok, Brgy.

Kayumanggi, Brgy. Sto. Niño, Brgy. Bagong Pook, Brgy. Tangway, Poblacion Brgy. 7, and Brgy. Mataas na Lupa each

take up 3.2% of the total population

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