Laplace Transform

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Definitions:
Laplace Transform:
If f(t) is a function of t defined for all t 0 then the Laplace transform
of f(t) is denote as
L f t F S e -st f t dt
0
, s is the parameter L is called the
Laplace operator
Condition for existence of Laplace transforms
Let f(t) be defined for all t 0 such that
i) f(t) is piecewise continuous in every finite interval in the range t
0
ii) f(t) is of exponential order then L[f(t)] exists.
Piecewise continuous function
A function f(t) is said to be piecewise continuous in any closed
interval (a,b) if it is defined on that interval and is such that the interval
can be divided into a finite number of sub-intervals in each of which f(t) is
continuous.
Exponential order
A function f(t) is said to be of exponential order if
Lt e t f t a finite quantity
n
Show that t is of
tn
Lt e at t n Lt at
t
t e
Problem 1:
Solution:
exponentia l order as t , n 0

indetermin ate form
nt n1
indetermin ate form

t ae at
Apply LHospital Rule
Lt
n(n 1)......1
(repeat th e process)
t
a n e at
n!
n!
Lt n at 0
t a e
n
t is of exponentia l order as t , n 0
Hence
Lt
Problem 2: Write a function for which Laplace transformation does not

exist. Explain
why Laplace transform does not exist.
L e t do not exists
L(tan
t)
and
Solution:
L(tan t ) Lt e at tan t
t
t 3 2t 5
Lt e t
....
t
3 15
at
Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Unit V (Laplace Transform)
a 2t 5
t 3 2t 5
Lt 1 at
... t
...
t
21
3 15
t 3 2t 5
Lt t
at 2
t
3 15
L(e t ) Lt e at e t
2
Lt e t ( a t )
t
Lt e t ( t a )
t
Cos at
exist? Justify
t
3
:
Does
the
Laplace
transform
of
Problem
Cosat
Solution : L
does
not
exist
at
2 2
e
at
a 4t 4
at Cos at
Lt e
Lt
1
....
t
t
t
t
2!
4!
2 4
Cos 1 - 2! 4! ...
1 a 2t a 4t 3
Lt e
....
t
4!
t 2!
at
at a 2 t 2 1 a 2 t a 4 t 3
Lt 1
....
...
t
1!
2!
4!
t 2!
1 a 2t
Lt
....
t
t 2!
IMPORTANT RESULT
(3)
n e x x n 1 dx
0
(4) n 1 e x x n dx
0

(11) 2Sin A Cos B Sin(A B) Sin(A - B)

(12) 2Cos A Sin B Sin(A B) Sin(A - B)
(13) 2Cos A Cos B Cos(A B) Cos (A - B)
(14) 2SinA Sin B Cos (A B) - Cos(A - B)
TRANSFORMS OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
k
L(k ) , s 0, where k is a constant
s
1)
L[ f (t )] e st f (t )dt
0
L[ k ] ke st dt k e st dt
0
e
k
s
st
k
s
L[ k ]
e e 0
k
s
s
k
[e - 0]
In particular
L(0)=0
L(1)=1/s
L(e -at )
2)
1
, where a is a cconstant
sa
L[ f (t )] e st f (t )dt
0
L(e at ) e st e at dt
0
e ( s a ) t dt
0
e ( s a )t
(s a)
e
e 0
1
if s -a
(
s
a
)
s
a
s
1
L(e at )
if s a
sa
3)
In result 2 replace a by -a
L(cos at )
4)
s
s a2
2
L(cos at ) e st cos at dt
0
ax
e ax
cosbx dx 2
( s cos at a sin at )
2
a b
a = -s b=a

e0
0 2
( s cos0 a sin 0
2
s a
s
2
s a2
5)
a
s2 a2
L(sin at)
e ax
L(sin at) e Sinat dt e sin bx dx 2

(aSinbx bCosbx)
2
a b
0
st
a=-s
ax
b=a
e st
2
( sSinat aCosbt
2
s a
e 0
a
0 2
(
a
)
s2 a2
s a2
a
L(sin at ) 2
s a2
6)
e at e at 1
L(sin h at) L
L(e at ) L(e at )
2
2
1 1
1

2 s a s a
1 ( s a) ( s a)

2 ( s a )( s a)
1 s 2 as s a

2
s2 a2
1 2a
2
2 s a 2
a
2
s a2
7)
L(Coshat)
L(Coshat) L
8)
L(t n )
s
a2
e at e at 1
L(e at ) L(e at )
2
2
1 1
1

2 s a s a
1 ( s a) ( s a)

2 ( s a )( s a )
1 2s
2
2 s a 2
s
2
s a2
n1
if s 0 & n -1
s n1

L(t n ) e st t n dt
put st x t x/s
x dx
e
s s
0
n
x x dx
e n
s s
0
1
n 1 e x x n dx
s 0
dt 1
dx s
dx
x n 1
(n) 0 e x dx
In particular if n is a +ve integer
n1 n!
L(t n )
n!
if s 0 & n is a ve integer
s n1
STANDARD RESULTS IN LAPLACE TRANSFORM
L f (t ) F(s)
1
s
1
s2
2!
s3
n!
s n 1
(n 1)
s n1
1
sa
1
sa
a
2
s a2
s
2
s a2
f(t)
1.
2.
3.
t2
4.
t n ( 1,2,3,...)
5.
t n ( n ? 1
6.
e at
7.
e at
8.
Sin at
9.
Cos at
PROBLEM USING ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS
Pr oblem 1. Find L(t 3 )
Solution : L(t n )
n!
s n 1
Pr oblem 2. Find L( t )

1
1
2
2
3
s2
n 1
nn
Pr oblem 3. Find L
1
2
L(t )
Pr oblem 4. Find L e
3t
1
s
1
2
1
1
2
1
s
2
1
2
Pr oblem 5. Find L Cos 2t
Pr oblem 6. Find L Sin2t
Pr oblem 7. Find L 2e 3t
Solution : We know that L(e -at )

L(2e -3t ) 2 L(e 3t )
2
s3
1
sa
HOME WORK
Problem
1. L(e
3t5

Answer
5
e
( s 3)
1
a (s a)
e at
2. L
a
3. L 2 t
1
s log 2
BASIC PROPERTIES
1) Linear property
Statement
L k1t1 (t ) k 2 t 2 (t ) k1 L f1 (t ) k 2 L f 2 (t )
Where k1 & k2 are constants
Proof
L k1t1 (t ) k 2 t 2 (t ) k1 f1 (t ) k 2 f 2 (t ) e st dt
0
k1 f1 (t )e dt k 2 f 2 (t )e st dt
st
k1 L f1 (t ) k 2 L f 2 (t )
L is a linear operator
Since
L f1 (t ) F1 ( s )
L f 2 (t ) F2 ( s )
k1 F 1( s) k 2 F2 (s)
2) Change of scale property

Statement If L f (t ) f ( s ) then
L f (at )
Proof:
1 s
F
a a
By definition
F ( s ) L f (t ) e st f (t )dt
0
L f (at ) e st f ( at )dt f (at) is a function of t

0
Put x = at
x
dt 1
t
a
dx a
s x
dx
e a f ( x).
a
0
x
1 s a
1
e
f ( x)dx e
a0
a0
s
t
a
f (t )dt
Changing x = t
1 s
F
a a
L f (t )
1 s
F
a a
3) First shifting property
if L f (t ) F ( s ) then
L(e -at f (t )) F ( s a)
L(e at f (t )) F ( s a )
Proof:
By definition
L f (t ) e st f (t )dt ......(1)
0

F (s)
L e
at
f (t ) e st e -at f (t )dt
Since e
-at
f (t ) is a function of t
e ( s a ) t f(t)dt .........(2)
0
F ( s a ) compare (1) & (2)

Change a to a
L e at f (t ) F ( s a)
PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE PROPERTIES
1. Find
L(e 2 t 3e 5t )
Solution : L(e 2t 3e 5t ) L(e 2t ) 3L(e 5t )
2. Find
1
1
3
s2
s5
L(e 2t 3e st 5Cost )
Solution : L(3e 5t 5Cost ) 3L(e 5t ) 5L(Cost )
3. Find
3
5s
2
s 5 s 1
L(Sin 2 2t )
1 - Cos4t
Solution : L(Sin 2 2t) L
2
Sin x
1 Cos 2 x
1
Cos 4t
L
2
2
1
1
L(1) - L Cos4t
2
2
1 1
s
1
s
. 2
2 s 2 s 4 2 2s 2( s 2 16)
L
4. Find L(Sin(t )), is a constant
Solution : L(Sin(t )) L Sin tCos CostSin
L Sin tCos L CoswtSin
Cos L Sint Sin L Coswt

Sin , Cos is a constant Cos 2 2 Sin . 2 s 2
s w
s w
5. Find L (Sinhat)
e at e at
Solution : L(Sinhat) L
1
L(e at ) L(e at )
2
1 1
1

2 s - a s a
1 ( s a) ( s a)

2 ( s a )( s a)
1 s2 a s a

2
s2 - a 2
1 2a
2 s 2 a 2
a
2
s a2
6. Find L (Coshat)
e at e at
Solution : L(Coshat) L
1
L(e at ) L(e at )
2
1 1
1

2 s - a s a
1 s a s a

2 s 2 a 2
1 2s
2
2 s a 2
s
2 2
s -a
PROBLEMS [BASED ON FIRST SHIFTING THEOREM]
1. Find L e 3t Sin 2 t
Solution : we know that
L e at f (t ) F ( s a)
where f ( s ) L f (t )
L f (t ) L( Sin 2 t )
1 Cos 2t
L
1
L(1) L(Cos 2t )
2
1 1
s
2
2 s s 4
L e 3t Sin 2 t
1 1
s3
as s s 3
2
2 s 3 ( s 3) 4
2. Find L t 2 e 2 t
Solution : L (e at f (t )) F ( s a ) where F(s) L f(t)

L f (t ) L t 2

2
s3
9
L e 2 t t 2
2
as s s 2
( s 2) 3
3. Find L Cosht.Sin2t
e t e t
Solution : L Cosht.Sin2t L
Sin2t
2
1
1
L(e t Sin2t ) L (e t Sin2t )
2
2
2
L(Sin2t) 2
S 4
L(e t Sin2t)
2
as s s - 1
(S - 1) 2 4
L(e t Sin2t)
2
as s s 1
(S 1) 2 4
1
2
1
2
.
.
2
2 ( s 1) 4 2 ( s 1) 2 4
1
1
2
( s 1) 4 ( s 1) 2 4
L Cosht.Sin2t
4. Find the Laplace transfrom of e 2 t Sin5t

Solution
We know that
To find
L e at f (t ) F ( s a )
L e 2 t Sin5t
L f (t ) L Sin5t
5)Find
5
ss2
s 25
2
5
( s 2) 2 25
the laplace transform of
e t (3Sin h2t - 5Cos 2t )
Solution : L 3Sin h2t - 5Cos h2t 3L Sin h2t 5 L(Cos h2t)

6
5s
2
s 4 s 4
6 5s
2
s 4
6 5s
L e t (3Sin h2t - 5Cos h2t 2
as s s 1
s 4
6 5( s 1)
( s 1) 2 4
6)Find
5s 1
6 5s 5
2
s 2 s 1 4 s 2s 3
2
the laplace transform of
(e t Sin2t Cos3t )
Solution : L e t Sin 2t Cos3t L Sin 2tCos 3t s s 1

10
L Sin 5t Sin(t ) s s 1
2
Sin (A B) Sin (A - B)
By formula Sin A Cos B
2
1
L Sin5t S int s s 1
2
1
5
1
2
2
2 s 2 s s 1 s s 1
1
5
1
2
2
2 ( s 1) 2 s ( s 1) 1
1
5
1
2
2
2 s 2 s 26 s 2 s 2
HOME WORK
Problem
Answer
1.Find the laplace
s 1
1
( s 1) 2 4 ( s 1) 2 4
transform of
L e t Cosh 2t Sinh2t
2
2 .Find the laplace
2( s 3)
15
( s 3) 2 5 2 ( s 3) 2 25
transform of
e 3t 2 cos5t 3 sin 5t
3 .Find the laplace
s 2 18
s 2 ( s 2 36)
transform of
L Cos 2 3t
Using
Cos 2 x
1 Cos 2 x
2
4 .Find the laplace
2s 2 24
( s 2 36)( s 2 4)
transform of
L Sin2tCos 2t
5 .Find the laplace
3
s
transform of

11
6 .Find the laplace
1
1
2
s6 s6 s
transform of
L e 3t e 3t
7 .Find the laplace
1
s 2 2s 5
transform of
Find L e t Sin tCos t
DIFFERENTIATION OF TRANSFORMS
Transform of
L t ( f (t )
t f (t )
d
L f (t )
ds
L f (t ) F ( s ) e st f (t )dt
0
d
d
F ( s ) e st f (t )dt
ds
ds 0
e st f (t ) dt
0 s
te st f (t )dt
0
tf (t ) e st dt
0
d
F ( s ) tf (t ) e st dt
ds
0
d
F ( s ) L tf (t )
ds
F ( s ) L tf (t )
d2
F t f (t ) 2 F ( s ) F ( s )
ds
2
Similarly
dn
F ( s )
F t f (t ) (1)
ds n
n
In General
1.Find
L tSin 2t

12
d
L f (t )
ds
Solution : L t f (t )
d
L Sin2t
ds
d 2
ds s 2 4
( s 2 4) 0 2(2 s )
( s 2 4) 2
4s
2
( s 4) 2
L t Sin2t
2.Find
L tSint
d
L Sinat
ds
d
a
ds s 2 a 2
( s 2 a 2 ) 0 a 2s
(s 2 a 2 )2
2as
2
(s a 2 ) 2
Solution : L tSin t
3.Find the laplace transform of
te t S int
Solution : L te t S int L (tS int)

s s 1
d
L t f (t )
L f (t )
ds
We know that
d
L S int
ds
d 1
ds s 2 1
( s 2 1) 0 2s

( s 2 1) 2
2s
s s 1
( s 2 1) 2
2( s 1)
(s 1) 2 1 2

t 2 e 2 t
13
Solution : L t e
2
d2
2
ds
d2
2
ds
2t
d2
2 L f (t )
ds
L e 2 t
1
s 2
d2
2 ( s 2) 1
ds
d
( s 2) 2
ds
d
1

ds ( s 2) 2
(2)( s 2)
2
( s 2) 3
e 3t tCos 2t
Solution : L e 3t (tCos 2t ) as s s - 3
-d
L t f (t )
F ( s)
ds
f (t ) Cos 2t
s
L(Cos 2t ) 2
F (s) s s - 3
s 4
-d
F ( s )
L(Cos 2t )
ds
-d s
ds s 2 4
( s 2 4) 1 s 2 s

( s 2 4) 2
s 2 4 2s 2

2
2
( s 4)
s2 4
2
2
( s 4)
Using first shifting property =
1
s2 4
s2 4
L(e tCos 2t )
2 as s s - 3
2
(s - 3) 4
3t

14
(s 3) 2 4
(s - 3) 2 4 2
s 2 6s 9 4
2
( s 6s 13) 2
6. Find the laplace transform of
Solution
t 2 e 2 t Cos 2t
L te 2 t Cos 2t L tCos 2t ss 2
d
L f (t )
ds
W.K.T
d
L tCos 2t ss 2
L Cos 2t ss 2
ds
d s
ds s 2 4 ss 2
( s 2 4) 0 s 2 s

( s 2 4) 2
L t f (t )
ss 2
2s
2( s 2)
2
2
( s 4)
( s 2) 2 4
2
HOME WORK
Problem
Answer
1.Find
6s 2 8
s 2 ( s 2 4)
L(tSin 2 t )
2
( s 4)3
2.Find
L(t 2 e 4 t )
te t Cost
te 2t Sin3t
s 2 2s
( s 2 2 s 2) 2
6( s 2)
(s 2) 2 9 2
INTEGRATION OF TRANSFORMS
Transform of
To prove
Lt
t0
f (t )
t
f (t )
L
F ( s )ds
t
s
f (t )
exists
t
If
Proof:
15
F ( s ) e st f (t )dt
0
We know that
Integrate both sides w.r.to s over the limits s to
s 0
F ( s)ds e
st
f (t )dtds
f (t ) e st ds dt
0
s
e st
f (t )
dt
t
0
f (t )
0 e st s dt
0 t
f (t ) st
e dt
t
0
(t )
L
t
Problem 1:
1 - Cos t
t
Find the laplace transform of
1 Cost
f (t )
L
t
f (t )
L
F ( s )ds
t
s
Solution : L
Using the transform
f (t ) 1 Cost
L f (t ) F ( s) L(1 Cost )
L(1) L(1 Cost )
1
s
2
s s 1
1 Cost 1
s
2
ds
t
s
s
1 2s
log s 2
ds
2 s s 1
log s log( s 2 1)
2
log s log( s 2 1)
1
2
log 2
s 1

16
log
0 log
s2 1
s2 1
s
Problem 2:
Sinat
t
Sin at
f (t )
L
t
f (t )
L
F ( s )ds
t
s
Using the transform
Solution : L
f (t ) Sin at
L f (t ) L Sin at F ( s )
a
s a2
2
a 2ds
Sin at a
L
2
ds 2
2
t
s
a
2 s s a2
1
s
a tan 1
a
a s
s
a tan 1 () tan 1
a
-1
1
1 s
tan
x
Cot
x
tan

2
2
a
a
tan 1
s
Sin at
1 a
L
tan

t
s
put a 1, s 0
Sin t
1
dt
tan
(
0 t
2
Problem 3:
Cos 2t - Cos 3t
t
Cos 2t - Cos 3t
f (t )
L
t
Solution : L

17

f (t )
L
F ( s )ds
t
s
Using the transform
f (t ) Cos 2t Cos 3t
L f (t ) L Cos 2t L(Cos3t )
s
s
s2 4 s2 9
Cos 2t - Cos 3t s
s
ds 2
ds
2
t
s
4
s
s
s
1 2s
s
2
ds 2
ds
2 s s 4
s s 9
log ( s 2 4 log( s 2 9) s
2
1
log ( s 2 4 log( s 2 9) s
2
1
s2 4
log 2

2
s 9
s2 1 2
1
s
log
9
2 2
s 1 s2
as s
1
s 4
log 2
2
s
1 s2 4
log 2
2 s 9
1
s2 4
0 log 2
2
s
s2 4
log
2
s 9
Problem 4:
e 3t Sin 2t
t
e 3t Sin 2t
Sin 2t
Solution : L
L
t
t
f (t )
as s s 3
t
Using the transform
f (t )
L
F ( s )ds
t

18
f (t ) Sin 2t
2
s s3
s2 4
L f (t ) L Sin 2t
f (t )
Sin 2t
L
L
F ( s )ds s s 3
t
t
2
2
ds
s
4
s
ds
2. 2
ds
s s 4
1
s
2 tan 1
2
2
s
s s3
2
tan 1 () tan 1
s
tan 1 s s 3
2
2
s
Cot 1 s s 3
2
s
tan 1 s s 3
2
Problem 5:
e at e bt
t
e at e bt
Solution : L
L e at e bt ds
t
s
L e ds L(e bt )ds
at
1
1
ds
ds
s
a
s
b
s
s
log( s a ) log( s b) s
s a
log
s b
s (1 a )
s
log
s 1 b
s s
sa
log 1 log
sb

19
sb
sa
log
HOME WORK
s 2
1.Find the laplace transform
log
1 e 2 t
t
of
1
s2 4
log
2
4
s
Sin 2t
t
of
of
Sin 2tCos t
t
1 s
1
tan
tan
(
s
)
2
3
LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF DERIVATIVE AND INTEGRALS.

LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF DERIVATIVES.
L f (t ) SL f (t ) f (0)
Result 1.
Proof. By definition of laplace transformation
L f (t ) e st f (t )dt
0
e st d ( f (t ))
0
e f (t ) 0 f (t )e st ( s ) dt
st
0 f (0) s e st f (t )dt
0
f (0) SL f (t )
L f (t) SL f (t ) f (0)
Result 2.
L f (t ) S 2 L f (t ) sf (0) f (0)
Proof.
L f (t ) e st f (t )dt
0
e st d ( f (t ))
0
e st d ( f (t ))
e f (t ) 0 f (t )( s )e st dt
st

20
0 f (0) S e st f (t )dt
0
f (0) SL f (t )
L f (t ) SL f (t ) f (0)
S SF ( s ) f (0) f (0)
S 2 F ( s ) Sf (0) f (0)
TRANSFORMS OF INTEGRALS
Result.
L f (t )
f (t )dt
s
g (t ) f (t )dt
0
Let
g (t ) f (t )
L g (t ) SL g (t ) g (0)
L f (t ) SL
Corollary
f (t )dt
t t
f (t )dt
SL
f (t )dt
f (t )dt
0 0
1
L f (t )
s2
Problems
S int
1. Find L
dt
t
0
L f (t )
t
Solution : L f (t )dt
s
0
S int t
f (t )
t
S int
L
L( S int) ds
ds
1
2
tan ( s ) tan 1 ( s )
2
s s 1
s
t
Cot 1 ( s )
Sint
Cot 1 ( s )
L
dt
s
0 t

21
2.Find the Laplace transform of
te
S int dt
L(te t S int)
Solution : L te S int dt
......(1)
s
0
f (t ) e t Sin t
Consider
L f (t ) L e t Sin t ss 1
1
( s 1) 2 1
Lte t Sin t L t f (t )
d
L f (t )
ds
d
1
ds ( s 1) 2 1
d
1
ds ( s 1) 2 1
( s 1) 2 1.0 2( s 1)

2
2
(
s
1
)
12( s 1)
( s 2 2s 2) 2
1 2( s 1)
L te t S int dt
s ( s 2 2 s 2) 2
0
Substitute in (1)
3.Find
e t Sin t
L
dt
t
0
e t Sin t
L f (t )
Solution : L
dt
t
s
0
1
e t Sin t
L
ds L(e st Sin t )
2
t
s ( s 1) 1
s
L Sin t
tan
(
s
1
)
s as s s 1
2
s 1
tan 1 () tan 1 ( s 1)
tan 1 ( s 1)
2
Cot 1 ( s 1)

22
e t Sin t
Cot 1 ( s 1)
L
dt
t
s
0
We know that
dt
1
1
f ( x)dx F ( s ) L f (t )
s
s
t Cos t
0
4.Find the Laplace transform of
1
d
L tCos t dt L tCos t by formula L t f(t)

L f (t )
s
ds
0
Given
1
L tCos t
s
1 d
L(Cos t )
s ds
1 d s

s ds s 2 1
1 ( s 2 1) 1 s (2 s )

s
( s 2 1) 2

1 (s 2 1 2s 2 )

s
( s 2 1) 2
s2 1
L e tCostdt
2
2
s ( s 1)
s s 1
( s 1) 2 1
2
2
( s 1) ( s 1) 1
LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF PERIODIC FUNCTION
Definition
A function f(t) is said to be periodic if
f (t T ) f (t ) & t is true for some value of T .

In general
f (t nT ) f (t ) & t when T is called the period of the function f(t)

Example
Sin t , Cos t is a periodic function with period 2 since Sin (2 + t)=Sin t and Cos(2
+ t)=Cos t.
L.T of periodic function
If f(t) be a periodic function with period T then
1 T st
L f (t )
e f (t )dt
1 e TS 0
23
Graph of Sin t
y
1
-2
3
x
0
/2
Graph of Cos t
y
1
-3/2
-/2
/2
3/2
5/2
x
0
-1
Problems
1) Fin the L.T of the function
y=Cos t
0ta
t
2a - t a t 2a
f (t )
Solution: The given function is periodic in the interval ( 0, 2a) with period 2a
1 T st
L f (t )
e f (t )dt
1 e ST 0
T=2a
a
2a
e t dt e -st (2a t )dt

st
2a
t (e dt ) e -st (2a t )e st dt
-st
e st
e st
t
1
e st
e st
(2a t )
(1) 2
e as e as
1
a
2 0 2
s
s
s
ae as e as 1 e 2 as

2 2 2
s
s
s
s

2a
e 2 as e as e as
0 s2 a s s2

e 2 as ae as e as
2
2
s
s
s
24
1 e as 2e as
2 2 2
s
s
s
1
1 2e as e 2as
2
s
1
2 (1 e as ) 2
s
(1 e as ) 2
(1 e as ) 2
2
s (1 e 2 as ) s 2 (1 e as )(1 e as )
1 e
1 (e as ) 2
2 as
as
1 e as
2
mutliply Nr & Dr by e 2
2 as
s (1 e )
as
2
as
2
1 e e
2 as
as
s 2
2
e e
1
as
2 tan h
s
2
2) Find the laplace transform of the square wave given by the equation
T
E
,
0
2
f (t )
E, T t T
2
f (t T ) f (t )
where
Solution : The given function is periodic in the interval ( 0, T) with period T

1 T st
L f (t )
e f (t ) dt
ST
1 e 0
T
T
1 2 st
st
Ee dt Ee dt
ST
1 e 0
T
2
T
st T2
E e
e ST
1 e ST s 0 s T
2
ST
ST
ST
2
E e 1 e e 2

1 e ST s s s s

ST
E
1 2e 2 e ST
ST
s (1 e )

25
ST
E
s (1 e ST )
ST
2
E 1 e
E (1 e ST ) 2
ST
ST
ST
ST
2
2
s 1 e 1 e
s 1 e 1 e 2
ST
E 1 e 2

ST
s 1 e 2
Multiply Nr & Dr by
E

s
ST
4
ST
4
e
e
ST
4
ST
4
ST
4
3) Find the laplace transform of the periodic function f(t) given
and its period is 2
t
2
Sin t
0t
f (t )
Solution : The given function is periodic in the interval ( 0,
L f (t )
1
1 e
s 2
1
1 e
e Sint dt e (0)dt
s 2
2 s
f (t )dt
1
1 e
st
st
st
e Sint dt

st
26
2
2
) with period
1 e
s 2
s 2
1
)
s2 2
s2 2
s 2
s 2

2
s 2

2
s 2
1
)
s2 2
s2 2
1
1 e
e
1
s
Sin
Cos
Cos
0
s2 2
s 2 2
1
1 e
2 s
1
1 e
s
Sin
Cos
t
s2 2
1
1 e
st
2
2
s
2
2
2
2
s s
s

1 e

s 2
1 e
1 e
s
s

1 e 1 e
1 e
4) Find the Laplace transform of the periodic function
kt
for 0 t T, f(t T) f(t)
T
1 T st
Solution : L f (t )
e f (t )dt
ST
1 e 0
T
1
kt
e st dt
ST
1 e 0
T
T
k
e st dt
ST
T (1 e ) 0
f (t )
e st
k
e st
t
1 2
T (1 e ST ) s
s
T ST e ST
k
e 2
T (1 e ST ) s
s
0 2
s

27
k
T ST e ST 1
e 2 2
T (1 e ST ) s
s
s
k
1 e ST STe ST
T (1 e ST )
s2
HOME WORK
1.Find the Laplace Transform of the

function
for 0 t
t
T t for t 2
and f (t 2 ) f (t )
f (t )
2.Find the Laplace Transform of the

function
for 0 t a
k
for a t 2a
k
where f (t 2a) f (t )
f (t )
1
e -S
s
L f (t ) tan h -S
s
2 s(1 e )
k
as
tan h
s
2
EVALUATION OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRALS USING LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Problem 1.
Evaluate
2 t
t Sin 3t dt
Solution : Let
If
I e 2 t t Sin 3t dt
0
f (t ) t Sin 3t, then
I e 2t f (t ) dt F ( s ) s 2 F (2)
0
and
F ( s ) L f (t )
L tSin 3t
d
L Sin 3t
ds
d 3
2
ds s 9
3 1)
6s
2
2
s
( s 2 9) 2
( s 9)
6 2
12
F(2) 2
(2 9) 2 169
12
I F (2)
169
Problem 2:

28
3 t
t Sin t dt
Evaluate
Solution : Let
If
I e 2 t t Sin 3t dt
0
f (t ) t Sin t, then
I e 3t f (t ) dt F ( s) s 3 F (3)
0
and
F ( s ) L tSin t
d
L Sin t
ds
d 1
(1) 2 s
2s
2
ds s 1
( s 2 1) 2 ( s 2 1) 2
2.3
6
3
F(3) 2
(3 1) 2 100 50
3
I F (3)
50
Problem 3:
e 3t e 6
0 2 dt.
Evaluate
e 3t e 6t
Solution : If f (t )
, then
t
I f (t ) dt F ( s ) s 0 F (0)
0
But
e 3t e 6 t
F (s) L
1
1
ds
3
s
log( s 3) log( s 6) s
s 3
1 3/ s
log
log
s 6 s
1 6 / s
1 3/ s
log 1 log
1 6 / s
s 3
s 6
log
s 6
s 3
6
F(0) log log e 2
3
log

29
I F (0) log e 2.
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

If L[f(t)] = F(s), then f(t) is called an inverse Laplace transform of F(s) and is denoted
by
f (t ) L1 F ( s)
STANDARD INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
1
1
s
L1
1)
tn
' n' is a ve integer 1

s n 1
n!
1
at
e
sa
2)
L1
3)
1
at
e
sa
1
1
L1 2
Sin at
2
a
s a
L1
4)
5)
s
Cos at
2
2
s a
s
1
L1 2
Sin h at
2
s
a
a
L1
6)
7)
s
Cos h at
2
2
s
L1
8)

30

1
e at

L
Sin bt
2
2
(
s
a
)
b
b
9)
.
at
1
e
L1
Sin h bt
2
2
b
( s a) b
10)
1
11)
12)
sa
e at Cos bt
2
2
( s a) b
sa
L1
e at Cos h bt
2
2
( s a) b
L1
13)
14)
2as
t Sin at
2
2 2
(
s
a
)
s2 a2
1
L 2
t Cos at
2 2
(
s
a
)
L1
FIRST SHIFTING PROPERTY
If f(t) L1 F ( s )
then e at f(t) L1 F ( s a )
e at L1 F ( s ) L1 F ( s a )
e -at L1 F ( s ) L1 F ( s a )
Problems
1
1
s
2
s 3 s s 4
s
1
1 1
1
Solution L1
s 2 4
s 3
s
e 3t 1 Cos h2t
1
1
s
1
2. Find L1 2
2
2
s 4 s 4 s 9
s
1. Find L1
Solution
1
s
1
1
1
1
L1
L
2
2
2
s 4
s 9
s
s a
Sin2t
t e 4t
Cos h3t
2
1
3. Find L1
2
( s 1)
L1
1
e t t
2
s
e t L1
Solution
2
( s 2) 1
4. Find L1

31
s22
2
( s 2) 1
L1
Solution
s2
1
1
2
L
( s 2) 2 1
2
( s 2) 1
L1
s
1
1
2
L
2
s 2 1 s s 2
s 1
e 2t Cos t 2e 2t Sin t
e 2 t L1
2
s 6 s 10
5. Find L1
1
Solution L1
2
( s 3) 1
1
s s 3
3t
e Sin t
1
6. Find L1 2
s 8s 16
e 3t L1
1
Solution L1
2
( s 4)
1
ss4
2
s
3s 2
7. Find L1 2
s 4s 20
e 4 t L1
3( s 2) 4
Solution L1
2
2
( s 2) 4
3s
4
2 t 1
e
L
2
2
s 2 4
s 4
3e 2 t Cos 4 t e 2t Sin 4t
e 2t (3Cos 4t Sin 4t)
e 2t L1
3s 7
2
s 2 s 3
8. Find L1
3s 7
Solution L1
2
2
( s 1) 2
3( s 1) 10
L1
2
2
( s 1) 2
s
1
t 1
10
e
L
2
2
2
2
s 2
s 2
3e t L1
3e t
Cos h2t 5e 2t Sin h2t

2
32
HOME WORK
Problem
1.Find the inverse Laplace Transform of
s
( s 2) 3
2.Find the inverse Laplace Transforms of
e t t
2t
Answer
e 2 t Sin t
1
s 2 4s 5
3. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of
e 2t Cost
s2
s 2 4 s 5
1
( s 2) 4
1
5
s3
( s 4) 5 ( s 2) 2 5 2 ( s 3) 2 6 2
1 2t 3
e t
6
t4
e
e 2 t Sin5t e 3t Cost
4!
4t
Type 1:
METHOD OF PARTIAL FRACTION
An expression of the form
P( x)
Q( x)
is called a rational function, where
P(x) and Q(x) are polynomial in x.

Method 1:
Suppose Q(x) is factoriable into non-repeated (distinct) linear factors say
L1,L2,Ln .
i.e. Q(x)= L1,L2,Ln .
then
A
P( x) A1 A2
.... n
Q( x) L1 L2
Ln
EXAMPLE
3x 1
A
B
C
....
( x 1)( x 2)( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 2)
( x 1)
Method 2:
In
P( x)
Q( x)
, let the denominator Q(x) contain repeated linear factors of the
form (ax+b)5
then
A5
P( x)
A1
A2
....
Q( x) (ax b) (ax b) 2
( ax b) 5

33
x2 1
A
B
C
( x 1) 2 (2 x 1) (2 x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) 2
EXAMPLE
Method 3:
In
P( x)
Q( x)
, let the denominator Q(x) contain a non-repeated quadratic factor
ax2+bx+c.
then
P( x)
Ax b
2
Q( x) ax bx c
x 1
A
Bx C
( x 1)( x 2 1) ( x 1) ( x 2 1)
EXAMPLE
Problem 1:
1
Find L1
( s 1)( s 3)
1
Let F( s )
( s 1)( s 3)
Splitting into partial fractions
1
A
B
( s 1)( s 3) s 1 s 3
A( s 3) B( s 1)
put s -1
1 A(1 3)
put s -3 B -
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2 2
( s 1)( s 3) s 1 s 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
2 L s 1 2 L s 3
( s 1)( s 3)
1
1
e - t - e 3t
2
2
1
(e -t - e 3t )
2
L1
Problem 2:
1 s
Find L1
2
( s 1)( s 4s 13
1 s
A
BS C
2
2
( s 1)( s 4 s 13) s 1 s 4 s 13
1 - s A( s 2 4s 13) ( BS C )( s 1)
put s -1
2 A(1 4 13)
34
2 10 A
2
A
10
1
A
5
equating coeff.of s2
A+B=0
B = -A
1
5
Equating Const.coeff.
13A + C = 1
1
13 C 1
5
8
C
5
1
1
8
S
1 s
5
5 2 5
2
( s 1)( s 4 s 13) s 1 s 4 s 13
1 1 1 1 1
1 s
s8
L
L 2
( s 1)( s 4s 13) 5 s 1 5 s 4 s 13
1
1 s 2 6 6 1
1
e t L1
L
5
5 ( s 2) 2 3 2 5 ( s 2) 2 3 2
1
1
s
6 2t 1
3
e t e 2t L1 2
e
L
s 2 32
5
5
(s 3 5 3
1
1
6 2t
e t e 2 t Cos3t
e Sin 3t
5
5
15
L1
Problem 3:
4s 5
Find L1
2
( s 1) ( s 2)
Solution : Given F ( s )
4s 5
( s 1) 2 ( s 2)
Splitting into partial fraction
4s 5
A
B
C
( s 1) 2 ( s 2) s 1 ( s 1) 2 s 2
4s 5 A( s 1)( s 2) B( s 2) C ( s 1) 2
put s 1, B((1 2) 4 5 B
9
3
3
put s 2, C (-2 - 1) 2 8 5 9C 3 C
1
3
Equating coefficien ts of s 2 , we get A C 0 A -C

F ( s)
1 1
1
1 1
3
2
3 s 1
( s 1) 3 s 2

35
1
3

1 1
1 1 1 1
L1 F ( s ) L1
3L1
L
2
3 s 1
(
s
1
)
3 s 2
1
1 1
e t 3e t L1 2 e 2t
3
s 3
1
1
e t 3e t t e 2 t
3
3
et
e 2t
(1 9t )
3
3
Problem 4:
s9
Find L1
2
( s 2)( s 3)
Solution : Given F ( s)
s9
( s 2)( s 2 3)
Splitting into partial fraction
s9
A
Bs C
2
2
( s 2)( s 3) s 2 ( s 3)
s 9 A( s 2 3) B( s C )( s 212
put s -2, A (-2) 2 3 2 9

A)4 3) 7 A 1
Equating constant terms , 3A 2C 9 2C 9 - 3A 9 - 3 6 c 3
Equating coefficien ts of x 2 , A B 0 B -A -1
1
s3
1
s3
2
2
s2 s 3 s2 s 3
s3
1
1
L1 F ( s ) L1
L
s 2 3
s 2
s
1
e 2 t L1 2
3 2
s 3
s 3
F ( s)
e 2 Cos 3 t
3Sin 3 t
3
HOME WORK
Problem
Solution
1
1. Find L1
s ( s 1)( s 2)
5s 3
2. Find L1
2
( s 1)( s 2 s 5)
1
(1 e 2 t ) e t
2
e t
2Cos2t 3Sin2t
e
2
2s 1
3. Find L1
2
2
( s 2) ( s 1)
t t
e e 2t
3
Type 2:
Inverse Laplace Transform of Logarithmic and Trigonometric Functions
36
using the formula L t ( f (t )
d
L f (t )
ds
Problem 1:
1 s
Find L1 log 2
s
1 s
L1 log 2 f (t )
s
Since L1 F ( s ) f (t )
1 s
L f (t )
2
s
log
d
1 s
log 2
ds
s
d
log 1 s log s 2
ds
1 1
2s
1 s s2
2
1

s s 1
1
2
t. f (t ) L1
s s 1
1
1
2 L1 L1
s
s 1
2 1 e t
2 et
t
2 e f (t )
t
L f(t)
Problem 2:
s ( s 1)
Find L1 log 2
s 1
s( s 1)
L1 log 2
f (t ) L1 F ( s ) f (t )
s 1
To find f(t)
s ( s 1)
L f (t )
s2 1
log s(s 1) - log(s 2 1) L f(t)
-d
L t f(t) log s ( s 1) log( s 2 1)
ds
-d
log s log( s 1) log( s 2 1)
ds
-1
1
1

2
2s
s s 1 s 1
2s
1
1
2

s 1 s
s 1
2s
1
1
t. f (t ) L1 2 L1 L1
s 1
s
s 1
log

37
2Cos t - 1 - e -t
2Cost 1 e t
f (t )
t
Problem 3:
s 2 1
Find L log
2
s
1
s 2 1
L log
f (t )
2
s
L1 F (s) f (t )
1
to find f(t)
s 2 1
log
L f (t )
2
s
log s 2 1 log s 2 L f (t )
d
log( s 2 1) log s 2
ds
1
1
2
.2 s 2 .2s
s
s 1
L t. f (t )
2s
2s
2
2
s 1 s
2
2s 2
2s
2
2
s 1 s
s 1 s
2s
2
t. f (t ) L1 2 L1
s 1
s
s
1
2 L1 2 2 L1
s 1
s
2 cost 1
f t
t

Problem 4:
s
Find L1 tan 1
a
s
Solution : Let L1 tan 1 f (t )
a
s
tan 1 L f (t )
a
d
s
w.k .t L t(ft) tan 1
ds
a
1
1 s
a2
2
2
a s

1
2
a
1

a
38
a
2
2
a s
a
t f (t ) L1 2
2
a s
Sin at
Sin at
f (t )
t

Problem 5.
a
Find L1 Cot 1
s
a
Solution : Let L1 Cot 1
s
a
Cot 1 L f (t )
s
d
w.k .t L t(ft) Cot 1

ds
1
2
1 a
s
s2
s 2 a 2
f (t )
a
2
s
By formula
d
1
(Cot 1 x)
ds
1 x2
s2
a
2
s a
a
t f (t ) L1 2
2
s a
Sin at
Sin at
f (t )
t

HOME WORK
Answer
Problem
s5
Find L-1 log 2

s 9
s 2 1
-1
Find L log

s
s2 1

Find L log
s ( s 1)
-1
1
2Cos3t e 5t
t
1
1 2Cost
t
1 t
e 2Cost 1
t
TYPE 3:
L F ( s ) t L-1 F s - t f t

39
This formla used to find the inverse Laplace transform of a function, when the
function contains a linear factor in s in the numerator and the perfect square of a
quadratic in the denominator
Problem 1.
s
Find L1 2
2 2
(s a )
Solution Let F ( s)
s
(s 2 a 2 ) 2
d
s
F ( s) 2
ds
(s a 2 ) 2
F (s)
d
3
F ( s) 2
ds
ds
(s a 2 ) 2
s
ds
(s 2 a 2 ) 2
Put s 2 a 2 u
2sds du
du / 2 1
1
F ( s) 2
u
2u 2( s 2 a 2 )
L1 F ( s ) tL1 F ( s )
1
2)
2( s a
tL1
1
t L1 2
2 ( s a 2 )
t Sin hat
2a
Problem 2.
s3
Find L1 2
2
( s 6 s 13)
s3
Solution F ( s ) 2
( s 6s 13) 2
d
s3
F ( s) 2
ds
( s 6s 13) 2
F (s)
s3
ds
( s 2 6s 13) 2
s 2 6 s 13 u
2 s 6 du
2( s 3)ds du
ds
du
2( s 3)
du / 2
u2
1
1
2u 2( s 2 6s 13)
F ( s)

40
2( s 6s 13)
L1 F ( s ) tL1
t 1
1
L 2
2 ( s 6s 13)
t 1
1
L
2 ( s 3) 2 2 2
t
1
e 3t L1 2
2
2
s 2
t
2
e 3t L1 2
2
4
s 2
t
e 3t Sin 2t
4
Problem 3:
s2
Find L1 2
2
( s 4s 5)
w.k .t L-1 F(s) tL1 F ( s )......(1)
Let F ( s )
s2
( s 4s 5) 2
Then F ( s )
s2
ds
( s 2 4s 5) 2
Let u s 2 4 s 5
d u (2 s 4)ds
d u 2( s 2)ds
du
( s 2)ds
2
1 du 1 du 1 1
1
F (s)
2 u2 2 u2 2 u
2( s 2 4s 5)
Hence (1) becomes
s2
1
t L1
2
2
( s 4 s 5)
2( s 4 s 5)
L1
t 1
1
L 2
2
s 4 s 4 4 5)
t 1
1
L 2
2 s 4 s 4 1)
chaning s into s - 2 and multiplyin g

t 1
1
L
2 ( s 2) 2 12 the resulting function by e - 2t
t
1
e - 2t L1 2
2
s 1
t
e - 2t Sin t
2
HOME WORK
Problem
Answer
41
s
1. Find L-1 2
2 2
(s a )
2( s 1)
2. Find L-1 2
2
( s 2s 2)
t
Sin at
2a
te t S int
CONVOLUTION THEOREM
Definition: The convolution of two functions f(t) and g(t) denoted by
t
f t g t is defined as f t g t f u g t u du f
0
CONVOLUTION THEOREM of Laplace Transform
Statement : If L F t F s and L g t g s then L f t g t F s G s where

t
f t g t f u g t u du
0
Proof : We know that L F t e -st f t dt
L f t g t e st f t g t dt
t=u
e st f u g t u du dt
t t
e st f u g t u du dt
0
On changing the order of integration. The above integral becomes
0 0
L f t g t
e f u g t u dt du
- st
0 U
Put t-u = v when t= then v=

dt =dv when t=u, then v=0
t
L f t g t f u e s u v ) g v dvdu
t
f u e du g v e -sv dv
- su
Changing the dummy variables suitably

t
f t e dt g t e -st dt
0
- st
L f t . L g t
F S.G S

42
Problems
1.Using convolution theorem, find
1
2
S 5 S
L1
Solution: By convolution theorem

t
L-1 . F S .G S L-1 F S L1 G S f u g t u du
0
1
-1
-1 1
L
2
S 5
S 2
S 5 S
e -5t t
L-1
e -5u (t u )du
0
e -5u
t - u
-5
e -5u
-
- du
-5
0
t
1 1
0 - - e -5u du
5 5 0
1 1 e -5u
-
5 5 - 5
1 1
e -5t 1
5 25
Problem 2: Using convolution theorem, find
S 1 s 4
L1

t
L . F S .G S L F S L G S f u g t u du
-1
-1
2
2
1
L1 2
L1
S 4
S 1
S 1 s 4
L1
sin 2t e t
t
sin2u e - t - u du
0
e - t - u sin2u du
0
e t e - u sin2u du
0
e

t
eu
sin 2u 2 cos 2u
2
2
1 2

43
e ax
a sinbx - bcosbx
a 2 b 2
e ax sinbx dx
a=1 ,b=2
et
sin 2t 2 cos 2t 1 2
e
5
5
1
2
2
sin2t - cos2t e - t
5
5
5
1
sin2t - 2cos2t 2e - t
5
2
s 2 s 5
Problem3: Using convolution theorem, find
L1
4
-1
L
2
2
2
2
s 2 s 5
S 2 S 1 1 5
Solution:
L1
L1
e t
e - t L-1
SS 1
2
2
S 1 2 2
4
L1 2
2 2
S 2
2
e - t L-1 2
2
2
2
S 2
S 2
e sin2t e -t sin2t
t
By convolution theorem
t
-1
-1
e u sin 2u..e t u sin 2 t u du

2
2
s 2 s 5 0
L1
e t sin 2u.. sin 2t 2u du

0
Cos(A - B) - Cos(A B)
2
t
cos 4u - 2t cos 2t
e t
du
2
0
t
e t t
cos 4u 2t du - cos2t 0 du
2 0
By formula sinASinB

44
e t
e t
2
e t
sin 4u 2t

- cos2t u 0
t
sin 2t sin 2t cos 2t t 0

4
sin 2t sin 2t t cos 2t

4
e t
sin 2t 2t cos 2t
4
L1

2
s 1
2
-1
-1
1
1
1
L1 2
L 2
S 1
S 1
s 1
sint sint
1
L1
sinu sin t - u tdu

0
using
sin A sin B
COS ( A B COS A B
HereA u & B t - u
2
1t
cos 2u t cos t du
20
t
1 sin 2u t
t
cos
t
u
0
2
2
0
1 1
sint - sin - t cos t t 0

2 2
1 1
sint sin t t cos t

2 2
1 1
2 sin t t cost

2 2
1
sint - tcost
2
1
S2
L 2
2
2
2
S a s b

t
-1
-1
S 1
S
L1 2
.L 2
2
2
S a
S b
S a s b
cosat cosbt
L1

45
cosau cosb t - u du
0
1t
cos au bt - bu cos au - bt bu du
20
1 sin a - b u bt sin a b u bt

2
ab
ab
1 1
1
sin bt sin bt
sin at
sin at

2 a-b
ab
ab ab
1
1
1
1
1
sin at
sin bt

2
a b a b
a b a b
1
a b a b
a b a b
sin bt

sin at
2
2
2
a b
a2 b2

1
2a
2b
sin at 2
sin bt 2
2
2
2
a b
a b
a sin at b sin bt
a2 b2
HOME WORK
Problem
1.Using convolution
theorem, find
L1
Answer
e t
sin 2t 2t cos 2t
4
2
s 2 s 5
2
.2.Using convolution
theorem, find
2
s 9 3s 1
3 1
1 3t
cos 3t 3 sin 3t e
82 3
3
L1
3. .Using convolution
theorem, find
e t e 2 t
s 1) s 2
L1
Application of Laplace Transforms for Solving Differential Equations

Using Laplace transform we can solve the ordinary differential equation with
constant coefficients, without finding the general solution and then evaluating the arbitrary
constants.
Procedure to solve differential equations

46
1 Take Laplace transform of both sides of the given differential equation using
initial conditions. This gives an algebraic equations
2 Solve the algebraic equation and get Y or LY in terms of s and let the
solution Y =F(S)
3 Take inverse Laplace transform on both sides. This gives
the required solution
L1 y L1 F S ,
Important Results
dy
L Y SL y y 0
dt
1.
d 2 y
L
L Y S 2 L y Sy 0 Y , 0
2
dt
2.
L
d 3 y
L
L Y ''' S 3 L y S 2 y 0 SY , 0 Y '' 0
3
dt
3.
PROBLEM:1
Solve by using laplace transform (D2 + 9)y = cos2t given that if y(0) =
1,y(
) = -1.
2
SOLUTION:
Given that
(D2+9)y = cos2t
d2 y
(or)
+ 9y = cos2t
dt2
i.e
y
+ 9y = cos2t
Taking Laplace transform on both sides , we get
L(Y") + 9Y = L (cos2t)
S
S2L(Y) SY(0) - Y'(0) + 9L(Y) =
.. (1)
2
S +22
Using I.Cs
y(0) = 1 , y(
) = -1
2
The given that y(0) = 1 , and y(0) is not given so we take y(0) =
K. then (1) becomes
S
S2L(Y) S K + 9L(Y) =
2
S +22
S
S +22
(S2 + 9) L(Y) =
S
L(Y) =
s
2
( S +2 ) ( S +9 )
Y = L-1
Let
( s + 2 ) ( s + 9)
[(
+ S +K
S
2
S +2 ) ( S +9
)]
( As+ B )
( S 2+ 9 )

(S + K )
( S 2+9 )
+ L-1
[ ]
S
S +9
2
( Cs+ D )
( S2 +4 )
+ KL-1
[ ]
1
S +9
2
.. (2)
..(3)
47
(As+B)(S2+9)
S=
+ (Cs+D)(S2+4) (4)
Put s = 0 in (1), we get

0 = 4B + 9D (5)
Taking co.eff of s2,we
get
0 = B+D (6)
(5) =>
(6) 4 =>
4B + 9D = 0
B + 9D =0
(-)
(-)
B =0
and D = 0
3
Equating co.eff of S ,we get
1 = A +C (7)
Equating the co.eff of S, we get
2 = 4A + 9C ..(8)
(5) =>
4A + 9C = 1
(6) 4 = >
4A + 4C = 1
(-)
(-)
5C = 1
1
C =
5
Put
1
5
c=
in (7), we get
1
5
1
A = 5
Hence, (2) becomes
1 = A+
[ ( ) ( )] ( )
1
S
1
S
S
1
+
+ L1 2 2 + K L1 2 2
2
2
2
2
5 S +3
5 S +2
S +3
S +3
Y = L-1
=-
1
5
4
5
Y(t) =
( 2 )
-1 =
-1
1
5
=-
1
5
1
5
cos3
cos2t + cos3t +
k
3
1
5
)+
4
5
cos3t +
Put t =
y
cos3t +
= cos3t (1-
( S +S 3 )+ 15 L ( S S+2 )+ L ( S +S 3 )+ K3 L ( S 3+3 )
L-1
1
5
= -
k
3
cos2t +
cos2t +
k
3
sin3t
sin3t
sin3t
( 2 )+ 15 cos 2( 2 )+ k3 sin 3( 2 )
4
1
k
( 0 ) + (1 )+ (1)
5
5
3
1
5
k
3

48
1
k
1=
5
3
-
4 k
=
5 3
12
5
=> k =
(9) can be written as

4
1
12
cos 3 t + cos 2t + sin 3t
Y(t) =
5
5
5
PROBLEM:2
Solve using laplace transform y 3y+2y = 4 ,
y(0) = 2,
y(0)=3 .
SOLUTION:
Given
y 3y+2y = 4
Taking L.T on both sides, we get
L(Y) 3L(Y) + 2L(Y) = 4L(1)
1
S2L(Y) SY(0) Y(0) 3[SL(Y) Y(0)]+2L(Y) = 4.
S
4
S2L(Y) SY(0) Y(0) 3SL(Y) + 3Y(0)+ 2L(Y) =
S
Using I.C y(0) = 2, y(0) = 3,The above equation becomes
4
(S2 3S + 2)L(Y) 2S -3 + 6 =
S
4
(S2 3S +2) L(Y) 2S + 3 =
S
4+ (2 S3 ) S 4+2 S 23 S
4 (
(S-1) (S-2)L(Y) =
+ 2 S3 )=
=
S
S
S
2
L(Y) =
Let
2 S 3 S+ 4
S ( S1 ) (S2)
(2 s2 3 s+ 4)
s ( s1 ) (s2)
(1)
A
B
C
+
+
S ( S1) (S2)
2S2 3S +4 = A(s-1)(s-2) + B(S)(S-2) +C(S)(S-2) (I)

Put S = 0 in (I), we get
4 = 2A
A=2
Put s = 1 in (I),we get
2 3 + 4 = -B
3= -B
B=-3
Put S=2 in (I), we get
8 6 + 4 = c(2)(1)
6 = 2c
=> c = 3
1
Becomes
1
1
1
)
L(Y) = 2 (
)3(
)+3 (
S
S1
S2
Y = 2 L-1(
1
1
1
3 L1
+3 L1
S
S1
S2
( )
( )
y = 2 3et + 3e2t
PROBLEM:3
49
Solve y+4y+4y = e-t , given that y(0) = 0, y(0) = 0

SOLUTION :
Given y + 4y + 4y = e-t
Taking L.T on both sides,we get
L(Y) + 4L(Y) + 4L(Y) = e-t
S2L(Y) SY(0) Y(0) + 4[SL(Y) Y(0)] + 4L(Y) =
1
S+1
Using I.C. Y(0) = 0,Y(0) = 0, the above becomes

S2L(Y) + 4SL(Y) + 4L(Y) =
L(Y) [ S2 +4S + 4 ] =
L(Y) =
1
S+1
1
( S+1 )( S+2 )2
1
( S+1 ) ( S +2 )2
1
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
( s+1 )( s+2 ) ( S+ 1 ) ( S +2 ) ( S +2 )2
Let
1
S+1
Y = L-1
(1)
1= A(S+2)2 + B(S+1)(S+2) + C(S+1) ..(2)

Put s = -1 in (2), we get
1 = A
A = 1
Put s = -2 in (2), we get
1= -c
=> c = -1
Put s = 0 in (2), we get
1 = 4A+2B+C
1 = 4 + 2B -1
1 = 3 + 2B => - 2 = 2 B => B = -1
Hence,(1) becomes
1
1
1
Y = L-1
( S+1 ) ( S+ 2 ) ( s+2 )2
as ss2
1
1
1
-1
-1
L
L
as ss2
2
s 2
S 1
L1
1
e - t - e - 2t - e - 2t L-1 2
s
-t
-2t
-2t
e -e -e t
Problem:4
50
Solve by using laplace transform y-2y+y=et, y(0)=2, y(0)=1.

Solution :
Given y-2y+y=et
L(y)-2L(y)+L(y)=L(et)
1
S2L(y)-sy(0)-y(0)-2[sL(y)-y(0)]+L(y)=
s1
1
S2L(y)-sy(0)-y(0)-2sL(y)+2y(0)+L(y)=
s1
Using IC y(0)=2 , y(0)=1
1
L(y)(s2-2s+1)-2s-1+4=
s1
1
L(y)(s-1)2-2s+3=
s1
1
L(y)(s-1)2=
+(-2s+3)
s1
1
s
1
L(y)=
3 +2
2 -3
(s1)
(s1)
(s1)2
1
s
1
-1
-1
y=L-1[
[
[
3 ]+2 L
2 ]-3 L
2 ]
(s1)
(s1)
(s1)
s+1
1
s+1
1
t -1
[
]-3 et L-1 [
3 ]+2 e L
2
2 ]
(s )
(s)
(s )
1
1
1
t
+ 2etL-1[
]+ 2et L-1 [
]
2 ]-3e [
s
(s )
(s )2
y=et L-1[
t2
=e
2
t2
=et
+ 2et+2ett-3ett
2
t2
= et
+ 2et-ett
2
Problem: 5
Using laplace transform solve y+y=t2+2t given that y=0 and y=-2 when
t=0
Solution
Given y+y=t2+2t
L(y) +L (y)=L(t2)+2L(t)
2!
1
S2L(Y)-sy(0)-y(0)+sL(y)-y(0)= 3 +2 2
s
s
Using I.cs. y(0)=0 , y(0)=-2
2
1
S2L(Y)+2+sL(y)= 3 +2 2
s
s
2
1
2+2 s2 s3
(s2+s)L(y)= 3 +2 2 -2=
s
s
s3
3
2+2 s2 s
L(y)=
4
(s +1) s
3
2+2 s2 s
-1
Y=L [ (s +1) s4 ]
1
3
C
D
E
A
B
2+2 s2 s
+
Let
=
+ 2 + 3 + 4
4
s
(s +1)
s
s
s
(s +1) s
t
2+2s-2s3=As4+B(s+1)s3+C(s+1)s2+D(s+1)s+E(s+1)
Put s=-1 in 3, we get
2-2+2=A
A=2
Equating the coefficient of s4 in 2, on both side
0=A+B
0=2+B
B=-2
Equating the coefficient of s3 in 2, on both side
-2=B+C
51
-2=-2+c
C=0
2
Equating the coefficient of s in 2, on both side
0=C+D
0=0+D
D=0
Equating the coefficient of s in 2, on both side
2=D+E
E=2
2=0+E
(1) becomes
2
2 2
+ 4 ]
(S +1) s s
1
1
1
2 L1 + 2 L1 4
=2L-1
s
(S +1)
s
3
2t
=2e-t-2+
3!
t3
=2e-t-2+
3!
Problem
Answer
2 -3t
1 -3t 4
1. Solve y+6y+9y=6t e with
Y=
e t
y(0)=0=y(0)
2
2
2+3 sin 3 t
2. Solve y+9y=18t with
sin 3 t +
Y(t)=2t
3
2
y(0)=y(
)
2
1 -t 1 -3t +14 50
3. Solve the differential eqn
+
Y(t)=
e
e
t
y+3y+2=e-t, y(0)=1,y(0)=0
2
18
9
9
Y=L-1[
Solution of integral equations

Problem:1
t
Solve y+
dt=t2+2t by using laplace transform.
Solution:
t
Given that y+
dt=t2+2t
Taking L.T on both side , we get

t
L(y)+L[
dt]=L( t2)+2L(t)
We know that L[
f (x)
dx]=
1
1
F(s)=
L[f(t)]
s
s
t
(or)
n!
L(tn)= n+1
s
2
2
1
L(y)+
L(y)= 3 + 2
s
s
s
2
2
1
L(y)[1+
]= 3 + 2
s
s
s
s+1
s+1
L(y)(
)=2(
)
3
s
s
s+1
2
s
L(y)=2(
)(
)= 2
3
s+1
s
s
1
Y=2L-1( 2 )
s
Y=2t
Problem:2

y
0
dt=
1
L(y)
s
52
Solve the integral equation using laplace transform method

(t)dt=0 given that y(0)=1.
Solution:
t
dy
+2 y + y (t)dt=0
Given that
dt
0
t
y ' + 2 y + y (t)dt=0
(or)
Taking L.T on both side , we get

t
L(y)+2L(y)+L(
(t)dt)=0
1
L(y)=0
s
using I.Cs y(0)=1 in the above, we get
1
sL(y)-1+2L(y)+
L(y)=0
s
1
L(y)[s+
+2]-1=0
s
1+2 s+ s2
L(y)[
]=1
s
s
L(y)=
2
1+2 s+s
s
L(y)=
(s +1)2
s
Y=L-1[
2 ]
(s +1)
Changing s into s-1
s1
Y=e-tL-1[
]
s2
1
1
=e-t[L-1(
)- L-1( 2 )]
s
s
-t
=e [1-t]
sL(y)-y(0)+2L(y)+
Problem
Answer
-t
Y= e t
1. Solve y+
dt=1-e-t
t
2
2. Solve y(t)=t +
Y=t2+
(x) sin ( t s ) dx

53
t4
12
dy
+2 y + y
dt
0

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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

, s is the parameter L is called the

indetermin ate form

indetermin ate form

Apply LHospital Rule

Problem 2: Write a function for which Laplace transformation does not

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

(11) 2Sin A Cos B Sin(A B) Sin(A - B)

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

L(sin at) e Sinat dt e sin bx dx 2

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

In particular if n is a +ve integer

PROBLEM USING ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

Pr oblem 1. Find L(t 3 )

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Pr oblem 5. Find L Cos 2t

Pr oblem 6. Find L Sin2t

Solution : We know that L(e -at )

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Where k1 & k2 are constants

L f (at ) e st f ( at )dt f (at) is a function of t

3) First shifting property

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

F ( s a ) compare (1) & (2)

Solution : L(e 2t 3e 5t ) L(e 2t ) 3L(e 5t )

Solution : L(3e 5t 5Cost ) 3L(e 5t ) 5L(Cost )

Solution : L(Sin 2 2t) L

4. Find L(Sin(t )), is a constant

Solution : L(Sin(t )) L Sin tCos CostSin

L Sin tCos L CoswtSin

Cos L Sint Sin L Coswt

Solution : L (e at f (t )) F ( s a ) where F(s) L f(t)

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

4. Find the Laplace transfrom of e 2 t Sin5t

the laplace transform of

e t (3Sin h2t - 5Cos 2t )

Solution : L 3Sin h2t - 5Cos h2t 3L Sin h2t 5 L(Cos h2t)

the laplace transform of

Solution : L e t Sin 2t Cos3t L Sin 2tCos 3t s s 1

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

1.Find the laplace

2 .Find the laplace

3 .Find the laplace

4 .Find the laplace

5 .Find the laplace

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

6 .Find the laplace

7 .Find the laplace

Find L e t Sin tCos t

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

3.Find the laplace transform of

Solution : L te t S int L (tS int)

4.Find the laplace transform of

5.Find the laplace transform of

Using first shifting property =

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Find the laplace transform of

Using the transform

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Find the laplace transform of

Find the laplace transform of

Dept. of Mathematics, AAMEC

Using the transform