Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COOLING TOWER
SET UP
DESCRIPTION
SPECIFICATIONS
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS
PRECAUTIONS
TROUBLE SHOOTING
EXPREMENTATION
THEORY
OPERATING PROCEDURE
SYSTEM CONSTANTS
OBSERVATION TABLE
CALCULATIONS
COOLING TOWER.
Aim:
equation is:
KaV =
dT
----------- (1)
L
H H
Where K = mass transfer coefficient, Kg/hr m
a = contact area, m/m of Tower volume.
L = Water rate Kg/hr.
V= Active cooling volume M/M of pan over.
H = Enthalpy of saturated air at water temperature, K.cal/Kg.
H = Enthalpy of air stream, K.cal/Kg.
T1 and T2 entering and leaving water temperatures, c.
The RHS of equation. (1) Is entirely in terms of air and water properties and is
independent of tower dimensions.
Cooling tower represents water and air relationships and the driving potential
which exist in a counter flow cooling tower, where air flows parallel but
opposite in direction to water flow.
TC.
no.
water
(Hw)
H air (Ha)
Hw-
1/H
Kcal/kg
Ha
Kcal/kg.
T2 = C.
H1 = -----
T2 + 0.1(T1-T2)
H1
T2 + 0.4(T1-T2)
H1 + 0.4L/G (T1-T2)
T1 0.4(T1-T2)
H2
T1 0.1(T1-T2)
H2 0.1L/G (T1-T2)
T1 = .C.
H3
=
H4
=
CALCULATIONS:
NOW
T1
KaV
dt
= '
L
T 2 H H
KaV T 1T 2
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+
L
4
H1 H2 H3 H 4
Hw = ENTHALPY of air water vapor mixture at bulk water temp. kcal/kg of dry
air.
Ha = ENTHALPY of air water vapor mixture at wet bulb temp. kcal/kg og dry
air.
H1 = VALUE OF (Hw Ha) at T2 + 0.1(T1-T2)
H2 = VALUE OF (Hw Ha) at T2 + 0.4(T1-T2)
H3 = VALUE OF (Hw Ha) at T1 - 0.4(T1-T2)
H4 = VALUE OF (Hw Ha) at T1 + 0.1(T1-T2)
Hw & Ha can be found from psychrometric chart.
L = water flow rate = kg/hr.
G = AIR mass flow rate kg/hr. (air flow rate X pipe dia. X density of air) kg/m 3.
h2 = h1 + L (T1 T2)
---G
WATE
AIR
Wate
WATE
AIR
AIR
DBT
WBT
DBT
WB
NO
FLO
INLE
OUTL
AIR
AIR
AIR
FLOW
INLE
OUTL
ET
INLE
OUTL
OUTL
AIR
ET
TEM
TEMP
ET
ET
OU
TEM
TEMP
P
C
LPM
T
C
1 = 1
+
1 +
1 +
1
------------------- h = h1
h2
h3
h4
The enthalpy ha1 of the entering air is determined from psychometric chart
knowing its wet bulb temperature twb1. Then he enthalpy of leaving air:
Ha2 = ha1
+ L/G ( T1 - T2)