Study Questions-Materials Science: (Chapter 1 in Part 2 & Part 3 of Text)

Students are expected to read the introduction to materials science based in chapter 1
pg 399-414( part II authored by Askeland and Wright) and part III by Gilmore). Part
I is Brown & Holme. We have covered only a small part of this material in
introductory lecture. We will revisit and cover some of this material later.Solutions to
these questions will posted in a separate file.
I)

Foreachofthefollowingclassesofmaterials,givetwospecificexamplesthatare a regular
part of your life:
(a)metals,
(b)ceramics,
(c)polymers, and
(d)Semiconductors.
Specifytheobjectthateachmaterialisfoundinandexplainwhythematerialis used in
each specific application.

II)

III)

Describe the materials enabling properties of each of the following and why it is so:
(a)steel for I-beams in skyscrapers,
(b)a cobalt chrome molybdenumalloy for hip implants,
(c)polycarbonate for eyeglass lenses, and
(d)bronze for artistic castings.
Steelisoftencoatedwithathinlayerofzincifitistobeusedoutside.What
characteristicsdoyouthinkthezincprovides
tothiscoated,orgalvanized,steel?
Whatprecautionsshouldbeconsideredin
producingthisproduct?Howwillthe
recyclability of the product be affected?

IV) Fill in the blanks:

1.If the atoms arein irregulararrangements, thematerial is ----------------------------------------------2.Ina --------------the atomsareinregulararrangements.
9

3. Thestructureat dimensionsof 10 m is called -----------------------------structure.

4.Thematerialsthatengineershaveavailableforuseindesignsincludemetals,ceramics,
plastics, and ----------------materials.
5. Alumina (Al2O3) is a(n) --------------material.
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6. Ceramics areoften used in high -------------------------------------- applications.

7.Theprocessofbondingsmallsolidparticlestogetherathightemperaturewithout meltingthem
iscalled -------------------------------------------------.
8.Iron is classified asa(n)-----------.
9. ------------ aremixtures of metal elements with other elements.
10.-----------is an alloyofcopper andtin.
11. ------------ is when abodyischanged in shape.
12. A material that can permanentlydeformextensivelybeforebreakingis --------------------------13.A ----------------- materialisonethatbreakswithoutanysignificantpermanentdeformation and
with little absorption of energy.
14. A negativemechanical propertyofceramics isthat theyare ----------------------------------15. Thebodies ofmost automobiles aremadeof low-carbon--------------.
16.Thestrengthoflow-carbonsteelusedinautomobilebodiesisachievedby -------forming.
17. ------------ aremolecules with manyrepeatingunits.
18. The -------is thebasicbuildingblock ofapolymer.
19. ------------ arematerials that aremadeout of polymers plusadditives.

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20.IntheprocessofvulcanizationtheLCMsinlatexarebondedtogetherwith ---------atoms to produce rubber.

21.Themostimportantpropertiesofpolymers aretheirlow ---------------------------andtheirhigh
corrosion resistance.
22.In high-strength OUHMWPE, theLCMs areoriented --------------to the fiber axis.
23. ---------------------materialsaremadeofatleasttwoseparatematerialsthatmaintaintheir identityin
the combinedmaterial.
24. The ----------------- in a compositematerial is continuous.
25. The function oftheglass fibers in fiberglass is to increasethe -------------------------------------------26. Oneofthe most important mechanical properties of metals is theircapacityfor------------deformation.
27.Oneofthemostimportantphysicalpropertiesofceramicsistheirhigh ------------temperature.
28. Oneof themostimportant physical properties ofpolymers is their low ------------29. A metal or ceramic composed of manysmall crystals is a(n)----------30. Thebasemetal in most jet-engineturbine blades is -----------------------------------------31. A major factor limitingthe useof single-crystal gas turbine blades is
-----------------------------------------------Engineerintraining style questions
1. Thesmeltingofametal
(a) Raises the temperature abovethe meltingpoint.
(b) Separates the metalfrom theore.
(c) Deforms themetal into ashape.
(d)Cools themetal veryrapidlyfrom a high temperature.
2. What is the first known human-madematerial?
(a) Ceramic
(b)Bronze
(c)Flint arrowheads
(d)Copper

3. Wrought iron is
(a) Heatedand then rapidlyquenched into water
(b)Packed incarbonto harden the iron
(c) Heated in carbonmonoxide
(d) Deformed into shape
5. Themaximum magnification ofatypical light optical microscopeis
(a) 100,000 times
(b)10,000 times
(c)1000 times
(d)100 times
6. A microscopethatcanviewthe surfaceof insulators with atomic resolution is
(a) Ascanningelectronmicroscope
(b)A scanningtunneling microscope
(c) Alight optical microscope
(d) An atomic forcemicroscope
7. Which ofthe followingis not a propertyof a ceramicsuch asalumina? (a)
Ahigh meltingtemperature
(b) Ahigh resistanceto fracture
(c)It is agood insulator.
(d)It is inorganic.
8. Which ofthe followingis not a propertyof apolymer?
(a)Largemolecules with repeatingunits
(b)Can be either organicor inorganic
(c)A high density
(d)Good resistanceto corrosion
9. The chassis ofFormula1 racecars is now made from
(a) High-strength steel
(b)High-strengthaluminum
(c) High-strength polymers
(d) Graphite-fiber-reinforced epoxy

Chapter1:Introduction

10.In thespaceshuttle, the areas exposedto thehighest temperaturearemadeof

(a) Graphite-fiber-reinforced carbon-carbon composite
(b)Silicatiles coated with silicon carbide
(c) Graphite-fiber-reinforced epoxycomposite
(d)Aluminatiles
11. Thehighest-temperature aircraft gas-turbineblades aremadefrom
(a) Tungsten
(b) Single crystals of nickelbasedalloys(c) Polycrystals of nickelbased alloys (d)Alumina
12. Which ofthe followingis not an appropriateuseof OUHMWPE?
(a) Milkbottles
(b)Parachute lines
(c)Bow string
(d)Tugtow rope
13.AdesignprojectrequiresaTiNiwiretobe shapedliketheletterSatanoperating temperature
of
100C.The
selectedTiNiatomarrangementstartstodistortata
temperatureof90C
andthedistortionisfinishedatatemperatureof60C.Thewire
wasdrawnstraightatatemperatureof500C,andthewiresuppliedisstraight.Thewire
is
easilybent into the required Sshape atroom temperature. What will bethe shapeof the
wireat theoperatingtemperatureof 100C?
(a) S shaped
(b)C shaped
(c)Straight
(d)Theshapeis impossibleto know.
14. A design requires a material that must have a high melting temperature, high
stiffness,highcompressive strength,lowdensity,andlowcost.Whichofthefollowing materials
is most likelyto best satisfythe designrequirements?
(a) Alumina ceramic
(b)Carbonsteel
(c) Polyethylene
(d)Graphite-reinforced-epoxycomposite

15.A
designrequiresamaterialtooperate
atnormalatmospheric
temperatures,be
subjectedtosmallappliedforces,andhavealowdensity
andalowcost.Whichofthe
followingmaterials is most likelyto best satisfythedesignrequirements?
(a) Alumina ceramic
(b)Carbonsteel
(c)Polyethylene
(d)Graphite-reinforced-epoxycomposite
16.Adesignrequiresamaterialthatmustoperateuptoatemperature
of300C,havea
highresistance todeformation,a highstrength,a highresistance tofracture,anda low
cost.Whichofthefollowingmaterialsismostlikely tobestsatisfythedesign requirements?
(a) Alumina ceramic
(b) Low-carbon steel
(c) Polyethylene
(d)Graphite-reinforced epoxy
17.Adesignrequiresamaterialthatmustoperateuptotemperatureof200C,havea
highresistance todeformation,a highstrength,a highresistance tofracture,anda low density.
Highest performance is the most important design criteria. Which of the
followingmaterials is most likelyto best satisfythedesignrequirements?
(a) Alumina ceramic
(b)Low-carbonsteel
(c) Polyethylene
(d) Graphite-reinforced epoxy
V)Youwouldliketobeabletoidentifydifferentmaterialswithoutresortingto
chemicalanalysisorlengthytesting
procedures.Describesomepossibletesting
andsortingtechniquesyoumightbeabletousebasedonthephysicalproperties ofmaterials.

VI) Replacingabouthalfofthesteel-basedmaterialsinacarwouldreducetheweight
ofthecarbyalmost60%.Thiscouldleadtonearlya 30%increaseinfuel efficiency.
What kinds of materials could replace steel in cars? What would be the
advantages and disadvantagesin using these materials?
VII) You would like to be able to physically separate different materials in a scrap
recycling plant. Describe some possible methods thatmightbeusedtoseparate
materials such as polymers, aluminum alloys, and steels from one another.
VIII) Designrelated
question
Baseduponwhatyouhave learnedinthischapter andwhat you have found in other
sources,whatarethecurrentadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusing low-carbon steel and
graphite-reinforcedepoxy as the chassis material for a low-cost automobile with a high
fuel efficiency?

IX)

X)

XI)