Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Family planning is the planning of when to have children, and the use of birth control and other
techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used include sexuality
education, prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, pre-conception
counseling and management, and infertility management.
Family planning is sometimes used as a synonym for the use of birth control, though it often
includes more. It is most usually applied to a female-male couple who wish to limit the number
of children they have and/or to control the timing of pregnancy (also known as spacing children).
Family planning services are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities
which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their
children and to select the means by which this may be achieved."
Reduces the risk of pregnancies an the extremes of reproductive years ( less than 20 years
old and more than 55 years old)
Helped improve the socioeconomic status of the family and eventually improve family
health .Health problems related to poverty, malnutrition, common infections will reduced.
Ensures planned and wanted pregnancies thus assuring the love and care of the family.
➢ This is a small device made of copper or plastic that is inserted inside the womb by
trained family planning health workers when the woman is menstruating or shortly after
menstruation.
• The IUD can be left inside the womb for 9 years before being replaced.
• Has to return to the Health Center after 1 month and 1 year after the IUD
has been inserted then every year for follow up.
• Has to check the string attached to the IUD every month to see if the IUD
is still in place.
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGE
➢ CONTRAINDICATION
DANGER SIGNS
A. PILLS
➢ ADVANTAGE
➢ DISADVANTAGE
➢ CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Majority of the woman who use pill do not experience any side effects but
some women experience
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Slight weight gain or weight loss
• Less bleeding than usual during her monthly period.
A. INJECTION
➢ ADVANTAGE
➢ DISADVANTAGE
• Has to visit the health center every 3 months for her injection
• Effect of the injection is still present for 2-4 months even though the
injection has been stopped.
• Does not protect against AIDS and STD
➢ CONTRAINDICATIONS
A. CONDOM
➢ A sheet made out of latex rubber that is roiled over the erect penis before sexual
intercourse, it keeps the sperm from getting into the vagina.
• It is important to put the condom on the erect penis before the penis enters
the vagina. Leave a little air space at the tip of the condom to catch the
semen.
• He must hold on the rim of the condom as he pulls out his penis from the
vagina.
• Do not use Vaseline or petroleum jelly as a lubricant because it can make
the condom break.
• If the condom breaks during sexual intercourse wash the vagina with mild
soap and water
• It is used only once
• It should be stored in a dark dry place, away from heat sunlight and
fluorescent.
•
Collecting the semen containing the sperm that comes out from the penis
thereby preventing the sperm from reaching the vagina.
➢ ADVANTAGE
➢ DISADVANTAGE
➢ CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Has sexual partner who may be allergic to rubber
• Fails to maintain an erect penis when the condom is used.
➢ Natural family planning methods are ways of preventing pregnancy without the use of
drugs or devices.
• This is done by observing the changes naturally occurring in the woman’s body.
• To use this method the couple must know when the woman body is
producing a ripe egg that is when one is fertile.
• The changes in the woman’s body when she is fertile are noted and
recorded. Around this time the couple must have a sexual intercourse
• To prevent pregnancy, sexual intercourse is done on days when the
woman is not fertile.
• To achieve pregnancy, sexual intercourse is done on days when the
woman is fertile.
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGES
• May be hard at first for the couple to follow the rules required in order to
be successful.
• Difficult for the couples who seldom see each other
• Couple has mutually committed process
• Some couples develop emotional stress, because of the need to avoid sex
during the woman fertile days.
• Two or more methods are usually followed.
• There are no known side effects on the natural family planning method.
➢ This is done by observing the consistency color and amount of the cervical mucus to
determine if the woman can become pregnant (fertile or unsafe) or not.
➢ During the woman’s wet days the consistency of her cervical mucus ranger from a sticky,
pasty mucus and becoming slippery stretchy wet mucus to very wet.
➢ On fertile or unsafe days, the consistency becomes very wet like the white of a raw egg.
During this time, the couple should avoid sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy from
occurring.
➢ On dry days there is no mucus and the woman feels dry. During this time the woman is
not fertile and the couple cam have sexual intercourse.
A. BODY TEMPERATURE
➢ The couple determines the fertile and unfertile in the woman’s cycle by observing and
charting her basal body temperature daily.
➢ It has been known that during the ovulation (period when the ovary releases a ripe
egg) the body temperature of the woman rises.
➢ Illnesses like colds, sore throat, vomiting and diarrhea however can affect the body
temperature.
➢ This is applicable to mother who only give breast milk and no others form of nutrition
to their babies in the first 6 months. During this time her ovaries stop developing and
releasing eggs.
➢ After 6 months, another family planning method is needed to prevent pregnancy even
if the mother still continues to breastfeed.
➢ Mother who do not breast feed start releasing eggs as early as 1-2 months after baby’s
birth.
A. RHYTM PETHOD
➢ The couple calculates the fertile days of the woman from menstrual cycle.It are
important that the menses be regular.
➢ The release of the ripe egg is approximately fourteen days start of the menses .For the
4 days before and after this day are fertile or unsafe days.
➢ The combination of recording body temperature, character of the cervical mucus and
other changes the woman’s body increase the effectively of natural family
planning .The couple can chart these methods simultaneously.
PERMANENT METHOD
A. VASECTOMY
➢ Is a simple operation that makes a man sterile (cannot make a woman pregnant) It
involves tying and cutting both the sperm tubes in the scrotum though which the
sperm pass.
➢ With the tubes blocked sexual intercourse wall no longer result in pregnancy because
the sperms will not reach the vagina.
➢ The operation done by a trained doctor, takes only 10-15 minutes under local
anesthesia.
➢ Vasectomy prevents pregnancy by blocking the sperm from reaching the vagina.
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGES
➢ CONTRAINDICATIONS
A. TUBAL LIGATION
➢ Tubal ligation is a simple operation that makes a woman sterile. (not able to have
children)
➢ It involves tying and cutting both tubes where the egg travels from the ovaries to the
womb.
➢ With the egg unable to pass through the tube to meet the sperm sexual intercourse will no
longer result in pregnancy.
➢ The operation done by trained doctor takes for 15-30 minutes and does not normally
require hospitalization.
➢ A woman who has been ligated will stop produce egg in her ovaries and will still
menstruate but she will no longer get pregnant.
➢ Tubal ligation prevents pregnancy by blocking the ripe egg from reaching the womb.
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ CONTRAINDICATIONS
• The operation is not advisable to couples who may want more children
because it is permanent method.
• A woman below 25 years old or with less than 2 children
• A woman who is pregnant or thinks she is pregnant
• A woman who has goiter , diabetes or hypertension
• A woman who is severely malnourished
• A woman who is very fat