ISRO ECE Solution of 2006 Question Paper (Series B)

1)
R

For critical damping = 1

R

1=

Squaring on both sides

R2 C

1=

4 L

C=

4.L
R2

C=

4.2
12

2)
Quality factor (Q) =

fr
B.W

3 X 106
10 X 103

= 300

3)
V50
6

0V
7

-4

V = 14V
14 = 4 X R
R=

14
4

= 3.5

4)
At 3-dB frequencies current is multiplied by
frequency.
So correct option is B.

1
2

of the current at resonant

5)
f0 = 1000 kHz and given frequency is f = 995 kHz. At f = 995 kHz the current
impedance is capacitive.

6)
F = F1 +

F2 1

10 +

G1

101
10

10 +

9
10

10 + 0.9 10.9

7) In sigma delta ADC, high bit accuracy is achieved by over sampling.

8) After solving the given integral, its value is 1.

9)
Y(n) = x(n-2)
Y(z) = z 2 x(z)
Y(z)

X(z)

z2

H1 (z)H2 (z) =

1
z2

H2 (z)=

z0.5
z0.8

1 (z0.8)

z2 (z0.5)

H2 (z) =

1
z2

H2 (z) =

z2 0.8z3
10.5z1

So correct option is B

10)
x(n) = {1, 2, 1, 1 }

By definition of z-transformation

x(z) =

()
=
2

()

=1

= x(-1)z + x(0) +x(1)z 1 + x(2)z 2

= z + 2 - z 1 + z 2
11)
Applying Kirchhoffs law at point B. Let the potential at point B is V.

v10
5

v
5

v+50
10

=0

VBA = - 6 VAB = 6

12) Solve the circuit. So equivalent capacitance across ab will be 0.2F

13) The transfer function T(s) =

14) Iav =

(10 + asint)dt
2 0

a = 1.414
Iav = 10 A.

s
S+a

is that of a high pass filter.

15) (QNP)
(QNP)1
(QNP)2

1
fs
1
fs
1
2fs

=2

(QNP)1
(QNP)2

= 10 log( ) = - 3dB
2

It means quantisation noise decrease by 3dB and ve sign indicates decrease

in quantisation noise.

16)
In given circuit one Zener diode is forward biased and will behave as a normal
diode. So voltage drop is 0.6 V and another zener diode is a reversed biased
and voltage drop will be 6.3V.
So total output (V0 ) = (6.3 + 0.6)V = 6.9 V

17) Assuming that only X and Y logic inputs are available and their
complements X and Y are not available, then 4 two input NAND gates are
sufficient to implement XY.

18)
X 0 X1 X 2 .. X n1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 5 .. X n1 + .. + X n2 + X n1 + X n

19)
fmax =
nt pd

1
ntpd

1
10 X 106

= 100 nsec.

20) Conversion time follows the order as given below:

Dual slope convertor > Successive approximation type > Flash type
convertor
21)
The resolution of D/A converter is approximately 0.4% of its full scale range,
then it is a 8- Bit counter.
22)
In a microprocessor, the resister which holds the address of the next
instruction to be fetched is Program Counter.
23) In microprocessor, WAIT states are used to interface slow peripherals to
the processor.
24)
A flip-flop is used to store 1 bit of information. True
Race-around condition occurs in J-K flip-flops when both inputs are 1.
True
Master salve configuration is used in flip-flop to store 2 bit of info. False
A transparent latch consists of a D-type flip flop. True
25)
3 x 512 + 7 x 64 + 5 x 8 + 3
After solving this expression you will find the number of 1s in its equivalent
representation are 9.
26) For emittercoupled logic, the switching speed is very high because,
transmitter are saturated when conducting.

27) Output of divider is 1 Hz, Schmitt trigger will not change the frequency
1

and flip flop will half the output frequency, Hence output frequency is Hz
2

Therefore T =

1
f

T=1

= 2 sec.

28) Gray code for 7:

0

29) 10 bit A/D converters, the quantisation error is 0.1 %

30) Expression for given circuit is A(BC + D)

31) The Boolean expression for the shaded area in the venn diagram is:
XYZ+XY

32)
Number of chips =

1 X 1024 X 8
256 X 1

= 32

33)
Binary representation of +19 in 8 bit is

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

and 2s complement of + 19 is -19 and binary representation and its binary

representation is

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

34) The function shown in figure will yield 7 terms when simplified.

35) Logic circuit given will convert the binary code into Gray Code.

36)
In synchronous counter clock is given to all the flip-flops simultaneously. So
time required to change the state is equal to propagation delay time.

37)
An electromagnetic wave incident on a perfect conductor is Entirely
Reflected.

38)
for a lossless line R =0 and G=0
Z = R + jL = jL
Z = G + jC = jC
Z0 =

Z
Y

=
=
C
C

39)
Reflection coefficient is
|| =

ZL Z0
ZL + Z0

Therefore VSWR is

1+||
1||

10050
100+50
1

1+3
1
13

=
4
3
2
3

50
150

= 2: 1

40)
TE wave
TM wave

All exist in waveguides

Both TE and TM waves

So TEM waves does not exist in waveguides.

41)
Bandwidth of FM is given by Carsons Rule
(B. W)FM = 2(f + fm )
2(f1 + fm1 ) = 2(f2 + fm2 )
fm2 =fm2 = 10 kHz
(f1 + 10 kHz) = (f2 + 10 kHz)
Therefore:
f1
f2

= =1:1
1

42)
The Bandwidth required for QPSK modulated channel is Half of the BW of
BPSK.

43) Magic T is Four Port junction.

44) Diplexer is made of Both receive filter and transmit filter.

45) The gain G of an antenna of effective area A is G=

4 A
2

46)
z0 = Zoc . Zsc = 5 x 20 = 100 = 10

47)
The input impedance of short circuited line of length l where

<l<

is

capacitive.

48) Maximum coding gain occur in Turbo codes.

49) None of these
50) BCH codes belong to block code.
51)

m(t)

PM

Frequency
Modulation signal

52)
The Doppler shift observed at the ground station, when the satellite is over
the head of the station is Maximum.
53)
According to Shannons channel capacity theorem:
C = B log 2 (1 + SNR)
4 log 2 (1 + 15) 4 log 2 (16) = 4 x 4 = 16 kbps.

54)
Pr =||2 Pi
Where Pr = Reverse Power
Pi = input Power
P = Reflection coefficient
Pr

||2 =
|| =

Pi
2
10

So VSWR =

4
100

1
5
1+ ||
1 ||

1+ 15
=
1 15

6
5
4
5

1
5

=1 : 5

55)
PdB = 10 log (

P0

Pin

30 = 10 log (

) dB

P0

Pin

P0
Pin

= 1000 P0 = 1000 x 106 W = 1 x 103 W

P0

P0 (dBm) = 10 log (

103

= 10 log (

) dBm

103

103

) dBm = 0 dBm

56)
Pr(dB) = (Pt Gt )dB Lpath
10 = 10 log Gt
Gt = 10
(Pt Gt )dB = 10 log(100) = 20 dB
Path loss (Lpath ) = 100dB
Pr(dB) = (20 100)dBW = -80dBW

57)
At condition of Equilibrium:
P+ Q + R = 0
R = -(P
+ Q)

R = -(2i
3j
3i +
4j
2k)
) (i j + 2k
)
= -(i + j 2k

58)
Velocity v
=
x r

// where is a position vector of a moving point

r = xi + yj + zk, and
i
|0
x

=
v
x r =

j
0
y

= k

k
|
z

= - yi + xj
i

Therefore, Curl v = |

| = 2k

But as we know:
= k, therefore Curl v = 2

59)
1

sin3 2t = (3 sin 2t sin6t)

// sin 3 = 3sin 4sin3

By taking Laplace transformation

L(sin3 2t) =
=

1 3x2
4
6

s2 +4

4 s2 +4
6

= (

6
s2 +36

s2 +36

s2 +36 s2 4

4 (s2 +4)(s2 +36)

= (

32

4 (s2 +4)(s2 +36)

48
(s2 +4)(s2 +36)

60)
cos
| 0
sin

0
1
0

sin
0 |
cos

= cos(cos 0) + 0+ sin( 0- (-sin) )

cos2 + sin2 = 1

61)
Particular solution =

1
D2 +4

1cos2x
2

D2 +4

= [

1 1

= [
2 4

e0x

x
f (D)

1 1

2 4

2D

= [
x

x sin2x

1
D2 +4

cos2x]

cos2x]

cos2x]

cos2xdx
2

General solution: D2 + 4 =0
D = 2j
=A cos2x + B sin2x
1

Y = A cos2x + B sin2x + sin2x

62)
For concurrent, coefficient determinant should be equal to 0
2
|4
3

1
3
k

1
3| = 0
2

2(-6 + 3k) -1(-8+9) -1(4k-9) =0

2k 4 = 0
k =2
63)
The probability of both the balls being red is
5c1
10c1
5
10

x
4
9

4c1
9c1

2
9

64)
f(x) = x3 + x sinx
f(-x) = (-x3) + (-x) sin(-x)
=-x3 + xsinx

f(x) + f(-x) = 2x sinx not an odd function.

f(x) - f(-x) = 2x3

not an even function.

So this is not an periodic function, because

Periodic Function + Non-Periodic Function =
Therefore given function is a constant function.

Non-Periodic Function

65)

dx

xx2 a2 =

1
a

sec 1 ( )
a

66)
Characteristics equation is
[

5
2
[

A - I = 0

] [
0
2

5
2

0
] = 0

2
]
2

= 0

(5+ ) (2+ ) 4 = 0
2 + 7 + 6 = 0
( +1) ( + 6) =0
Therefore = -1 and = -6

67)
1
Rtotal

3
60

1
20

R total = 20

68)
V = I XL
50 = 7.96 X 103 x 2 x 104 x L
L = 99.97mH 100mH

69) In a capacitor, the electric charge is stored in metal plates.

70) Oscillator requires positive feedback.

71) Core loss in transformer varies significantly with load.

72)
1
18

12

+ =
1
R

1
12

1
18

32
36

1
36

So R = 36

73)
Time constant of a series R-L circuit is equals to

L
R

Second

74)
For RC circuit i(t) =

V ( t )
e RC
R

at t = (Steady State)
i=0

75)
The given circuit is a High Pass Filter

76)
At low frequency capacitor will be open circuited
Af = |

Rf
R1

|=|

100 k
1k

| = 100

Af (dB) = 20 log 100 = 20 log 102 = 40dB

77)
R total =

R
2

and Ctotal = 2C

Time constant = Rtotal Ctotal =

R
2

2C = RC

78)
1

Rtotal = + +
So I =

I=

3
3

= 1

= 2A

79)
When L is doubled and C is halved, the resonance frequency of series tuned
circuit becomes unchanged.

80)
In a series resonant circuit, with the increase in L
Resonant frequency will decrease
Bandwidth will decreases
Q will increase