Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aortic stenosis is the obstruction of blood flow across the aortic valve. Aortic
stenosis has several etiologies, including congenital (unicuspid or bicuspid valve),
calcific (due to degenerative changes), and rheumatic.
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic
Alcohol use has also been shown to have numerous effects on the cardiovascular
system other than heart failure. It has been associated with arrhythmia (eg, atrial
fibrillation, atrial flutter, other supraventricular arrhythmia, premature ventricular
contractions), hypertension, stroke, and sudden death. In addition, the literature
reports alcohol withdrawal being associated with takotsubo, or stress-induced,
cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, numerous studies have demonstrated that light
to moderate alcohol consumption (ie, 1-2 drinks per d or 3-9 drinks per wk)
decreases the risk of cardiac events such as myocardial infarction.
Cardiomyopathy, Cocaine
The fact that subacute, or even chronic, cardiomyopathy may result from the use of cocaine is
being increasingly recognized. While most cases of cocaine-related cardiomyopathy have proved
to be reversible, others have resulted in permanent cardiac dysfunction or death. However,
because morbidity and mortality information associated with cocaine-related cardiomyopathy is
based on case reports, it may be underreported. Many deaths in the drug abuse population are
ascribed to drug toxicity without further attempts at defining the exact etiology.
Complications of cocaine use also include embolic disease (cerebral and in other organs).
Ischemic stroke is seen in the highest frequency in the first few hours after cocaine use, likely
due to a thrombogenic effect associated with platelet activation. However, stroke onset may be
delayed as long as 1 week, possibly due to the formation of longer-acting secondary metabolites.
Cerebral atrophy is also a known feature of chronic cocaine use.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of heart muscle that is
characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction with
normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder that is typically inherited
in an autosomal dominant fashion with variable penetrance and variable
expressivity. The disease has complex symptomatology and potentially devastating
consequences for patients and their families.
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive
Hypertension
Stage 2 - Systolic equal to or more than 160, diastolic equal to or more than 100
Chronic hypertension
Preeclampsia-eclampsia
In 2008, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) released revised
guidelines that simplified the classification of hypertension in pregnancy into 2 categories,
preexisting or gestational, with the option to add "with preeclampsia" to either category if
additional maternal or fetal symptoms, signs, or test results support this.
Hypertension, Malignant
A hypertensive emergency is a condition in which elevated blood pressure results in
target organ damage. The systems primarily involved include the central nervous
system, the cardiovascular system, and the renal system. Malignant hypertension
and accelerated hypertension are both hypertensive emergencies, with similar
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral stenosis (MS) is characterized by obstruction to left ventricular inflow at the
level of mitral valve due to structural abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus.
Diagnosis/investigation
Pre-existing familial
dilated
cardiomyopathy
(FDC) unmasked by
pregnancy
HIV/AIDS
cardiomyopathy
Pre-existing valvular
heart disease
unmasked by
pregnancy
HIV test
History, examination, ECG,
echocardiography
Distinguishing features
Diagnosis/investigation
Pre-existing
unrecognized
congenital heart
disease
Pulmonary embolus
History