5.

Retha Aliefyan Rose

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Tugas Kapita Selekta Kimia SMA II
Chapter 15
Properties and Reaction of Acids and Bases
Exercise 15.1
1. a. Zn (s)

2HCl (aq)

ZnCl2 (aq)

ionic equation : Zn (s)

b. CaCO3 (s)

2H+ (aq)

2HCl (aq)

H2 (g)

H2O (l)

2H+ (aq)

CO2 (g)

Ca2+ (aq)

H2O (l)

K2 SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

ionic equation : OH- (aq) + H+ (aq)

d. Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2HNO3 (aq)

2. a. 2Cr (s) + 2KOH (aq) + 6H2O (l)

b. Cr(OH)3 (s) + NaOH (aq)

H2O (l)

Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

ionic equation : OH- (aq) + H+ (aq)

H2O (l)
2K[Cr(OH)4] (aq) + 3H2 (g)

Na[Cr(OH)4] (aq)

3. a. 3H2SO4 (aq) + 2Al(OH)3 (s)

b. Al(OH)3 (s) + NaOH (s)

Zn+ (aq)

CaCl2 (aq)

ionic equation : CaCO3 (s)

c. K2O (s) + H2SO4 (aq)

H2 (g)

Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6H2O (l)

[Al(OH)4]- (aq) + Na+ (aq)

Exercise 15.2
1. a. conjugated acid of the following subtances
conjugated acid of Cl- is HCl
conjugated acid of CO32- is HCO3 conjugated acid of NH3 is NH4+
conjugated acid of ClO42- is HClO4
conjugated acid of SO32- is HSO3b. conjugated base of the following subtances
conjugated base of HF is F conjugated base of HSO4- is SO42 conjugated base of NH4+ is NH3
conjugated base of HPO42- is PO43 conjugated base of H3O+ is H2O
2. the ionic equation of HPO42- as :

CO2 (g)

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a. base : HPO42- + H2O

H2PO4- + OH-

b. acid : HPO42- + H2O

PO43- + H3O+

3. a. HCO3- (aq) + F- (aq)

acid

CO32- (aq) + HF (aq)

base

c. base

SO4 (aq) + NH4+ (aq)

base

c. base
+

c. HF (aq) + H2O (l)

acid

c. acid

2-

b. HSO4 (aq) + NH3 (aq)

acid

c. acid

[small extent]

c. acid
-

H3O (aq) + F (aq)

base

[small extent]

[small extent]

c.base

2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

4. Na2O (s) + H2O (l)

Exercise 15.3
[H+] [OH-]

1. a. Kw
10-14

b. base

[H+] [ 1.6 10-7]

[H+]
[H+]

6.25 10-8

2. a. HNO3

NO3-

H+

[NO3-]

[H+]

[HNO3]

5 103 M

[OH-]
[OH-]
Cl-

b. HCl
[HCl]

2 10-12
H+

[Cl-]

[H+]

1.5 M

[OH-]
[OH-]
c. KOH
[KOH]

6.6 10-15

K+ + OH[OH-]

[K+]

0.25 M

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[H+]

10 14
0,25

[H+]

4 10-14

d. Ba(OH)2
[Ba(OH)2]

Ba2+ + 2OH[Ba2+]

6 10-2, [OH-]

[H+]
[H+]

8.3 10-14

Exercise 15.4
1. a. pH -log 5 10-1

b. pOH -log 6.5 10-3

c. pH

log 3.6 10-3

d. [OH-] = 2
pOH

6.5 10-4

-log 1.3 10-3

= 3 0,114
= 2,886

pH = 14 2,886 = 11,114

1.2 10-1

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2. a. [H+]

= 3,16

10-4

Kw
10 14
[OH ] =
=
= 3.16 x 10-11
[ H ] 3,16 10 4
-

b. [H+]

= 1,2 x 10-12
[OH-] =

Kw
10 14
=
= 7,9 x 10-3

[ H ] 1,2 10 12

c. [H+]

= 0,15
[OH-] =

Kw
10 14
=
= 6,309 x 10-14
[ H ] 0,15

3. when the pH descrease from 7 to 5, it means the [H+] increase. The factors that could
change the [H+] is
Exercise 15.5
1. a.0,1 M HCl and 0,1 M CH3COOH
i. the higher [H+] is HCl
ii. the higher pH is CH3COOH
iii.the greater electrical conductivity is HCl
b. 0,1 M NaOH and 0,1 M NH3
i. the higher [H+] is NH3
ii. the higher pH is NaOH
iii.the greater electrical conductivity is NaOH
2. a. HCl
c. NH3 13 M
b. NaOH 1,21

10-5

d. CH3COOH 1 10-4

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H+

3. a. HBr

Br-

b. H2SO3

H+

HSO3- (aq)

c. RbOH

Rb+

OH-

Na+

d. NaF

F-

Exercise 15.6
H2PO4- + H+

1. a. H3PO4

[H2PO4-] [H+]
[H3PO4]
ClO- + H+

b. HClO

[ClO3-] [H+]
[HClO]
c. HCO3-

CO32- + H+
[CO32-] [H+]
[HCO3-]

d. NH4+

NH3 + H+
[NH3] [H+]

[NH4+]
2. the ordre of descreasing strength as acids : H2SO4, Fe(H2O)63+, H2CO3, CH3COOH,
H2PO4-, NH4+, HS-.
3. a. HF

H+

[H+] = [F-]

F-, at initial [HF] = 0,10 M

, [HF]

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[H+]

b. 0,1 M CH3COOH, [H+] 0,00013 M

0,1 M HCl, [H+] 0,10 M
0,1 M HF, [H+] 8,133 10-3 M
the order of increasing strength as acids : CH3COOH, HF, HCl
Exercise 15.7
1. a. 1 mol OHb. 2 mol OH2. a. 1 mol H+

c. 3 mol OHd. 1 mol OHb. 3 mol H+

e. 1 mol OHf. 1 mol OHc. 3 mol H+

3. H2C2O4 (aq)

H2O (l)

H3O+ (aq)

HC2O4- (aq)

HC2O4- (aq)

H2O (l)

H3O+ (aq)

C2O42- (aq)

4. a. I mol CH3COOH, Ka = 1,8 10-5

b. 1 mol H2SO4, Ka= large
c. 1 mol H2S, Ka = 1,0 10-7

Exercise 15.8
1. a. HCl (aq)

NaOH (aq)

NaCl (aq)

H2O (l)

b. H2SO4 (aq)

2NaOH (aq)

Na2SO4 (aq)

c. H2CO3 (aq)

2NaOH (aq)

Na2CO3 (s)

d. CO2 (g)

2NaOH (aq)

Na2CO3 (s)

2H2O (l)
2H2O (l)

H2O (l)

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2. a. Ca(OH)2 (aq)
b. Al(OH)3 (s)
c. MgO (s)

2HCl (aq)
3HCl (aq)

AlCl3 (aq)

2HCl (aq)

d. Na2CO3 (s)

CaCl2 (aq)

MgCl2 (aq)

2HCl (aq)

2H2O (l)
3H2O (l)

H2O (l)

2NaCl (aq)

H2O (l)

CO2 (g)

Exercise 15.9
1. a. S2- + H2O

HS-

OH-

b. CO32- + H2O

HCO3-

c. NH4+ + H2O

NH4

d. [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O
e. F- + H2O

HF

f. HSO4- + H2O

OHH3O+

[Fe(OH)( H2O)5]2+
OHOH-

H2SO4

g. ClO- + H2O

HClO

h. CH3 + H2O

CH3OH

2. a. neutral
b. acidic
c. basic

H3O+

OHH+

d. basic
e. acidic
f. acidic

g. neutral
h. basic

Exercise 15.10
1. a. the CO2 equation in water
CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

H2CO3 (aq)

H2CO3(aq) + H2O (l)

HCO3- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l)

CO32- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

b. the most abundant ionic species is CO322. CaCO3 (s)

m. CaCO3
n. CaCO3

2HCl (aq)

CaCl2 (aq)

2H2O (l)

CO2 (g). at initial, [H+] = 0,15 M

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n. HCl
v. HCl

Exercise 15.11
1.

the nature of bonding and properties of oxide

a. K2O, ionic bonding and basic
b. Ga2O3, ionic bonding and basic
c. Br2O7, covalent bonding and acidic
2. The acid base characteristic of
a. B2O3 is weak acid
b. In2O3 is weak acid

Question and Problem

1. a. 2Al (s)

6HCl (aq)

b. KHCO3 (s)
c. Fe2O3 (s)

HNO3 (aq)

KNO3 (s)

3H2SO4 (aq)

d. Ba(OH)2 (aq)
2. a. NaOH (aq)

2AlCl3 (aq)

H2O (l)

Fe2(SO4)3 (aq)

2HF (aq)
2Al (s)

3H2 (l)

BaF2 (aq)

6H2O (l)

3H2O (l)

2H2O (l)

Na[Al(OH)4] (aq) + H2 (g)

b. KOH (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (aq)

K[Fe(OH)4] (aq)

c. KOH (aq) + Zn(OH)2 (aq)

K[Zn(OH)4] (aq)

d. 2NaOH (aq)

SO3 (s)

CO2 (g)

Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

3. a. KHC4H4O6 + NaHCO3
b. Fe2O3 (s) + 6HCl (aq)

2FeCl3 (aq) + 3H2O (l)

c. Al(OH)3 (s) + 3HCl (aq)

AlCl3 (aq)

3H2O (l)

d. H2SO3 (aq) + CaCO3 (s)

CaSO3 (s) + H2O (l)

4. a. conjugated base of the following subtances

conjugated base of HClO3 is ClO3 conjugated base of HS- is S conjugated base of NH4+ is NH3
conjugated base of H4O is OH-

CO2 (g)

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b. conjugated acid of the following subtances
conjugated acid of HCO3- is H2CO3
conjugated acid of HS- is H2S
conjugated acid of [Fe(OH)( H2O)5]2+ is [Fe(H2O)6]2+
conjugated acid of N2H4 is N2H4+
H+ (aq) + ClO4- (aq)

5. a. HClO4 (aq)

Li+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

b. LiOH (aq)

H+ (aq) + HCOO- (aq)

c. HCOOH (aq)

N2H4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

d. N2H4 (aq)
6.

diagram of
a.

A concentrated solution of a strong acid

b.

A dilute solution of a strong acid

c.

A concentrated solution of a weak acid

d.

A dilute solution of a weak acid

7. a. H2C2O4 (aq)

H2O (l)

H3O+ (aq)

HC2O4- (aq)

base

c. acid

c. base

acid

b. H2O (l) + CN- (aq)

acid

base

OH- (aq)

c. base

c.acid

S2- (aq)

c. CH3COOH (aq)
acid

HCN (aq)

CH3COO- (aq)

base

c. base

F- (aq)

HF (aq)

Cl- (aq)

acid
8. a. HBr

base
Br- H+

c. acid

c. base

[Br-]

[H+]

0.5 M

[OH-]

pH= -log [H+] = - log 0,5 = 1- log 5 = 0,301

b. Ca(OH)2
[Ca(OH)2]

Ca2+ + 2OH[Ca2+]

3 10-3, [OH-]

[small extent]
HS- (aq)

[small extent]

c. acid

d. HCl (aq)

[HBr]

[small extent]

6 10-3

[large extent]

5. Retha Aliefyan Rose

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[H+]

pH=

log [H+]=

c. NaOH

Na+

mol
=
volume

M=

log

= 11,778

OH-, 1,60 gr and 250 ml of solution

gram

1,6
40 = 0,16 mol L-1
Mr =
0,25
volume

[OH-]=[NaOH]=[Na+]=0,16 mol L -1
[H+]=
pH=

Kw
10 14
=
= 6,25 10-14.
[ H ] 0,16

log 6,25 10-14 = 14 log 6,25 = 13,20.

d. 2 ml of 12 mol L- of 250 ml solution

V1.M1=V2.M2
2,0ml.12=250.M2
M2= 0,096
H+ + Cl-

HCl

0,096 0,096 0,096

[H+] = [HCl] = [Cl-] = 0,096 mol L-1.
pH= -log 0,096 = 2-log 9,6= 1,0177
Kw
10 14
[OH ]=
=
= 1,04.10-13 mol L -1
[ H ] 0,096
-

9. a. coca cola, pH = 3
[H+] = 1 10-3
[OH-]

b. acid rain, pH = 2,40

[H+] = 3,98 10-3

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[OH-]=

Kw
10 14
=
= 2,51 10-12

[ H ] 3,98.10 3

c. baking soda solution, pH = 8,50

[H+] = 3,16 10-9
[OH-]=

Kw
10 14
=
= 3,16 10-6
[ H ] 3,16.10 9

d. diswahing detergent, pH = 12,10

[H+] = 7,94 10-13
[OH-]=

Kw
10 14
=
= 0,012

[ H ] 7,94.10 13

10. Given 0,20 mol L- of HNO3

H+ + NO3-

a. HNO3
[HNO3]

[NO3-]

[H+]

0,20 mol L-

b. pH = - log 0,2 = 0,69

11. Given 0,20 mol L- of HNO3 (Ka = 4,5 10-4)
HNO2
(0,2-x)

H+ + NO2x

[ H ][OH ]
Ka=
[ HNO2 ]

4,5 10-4=

xx
(0,2 x )

4,5 10-4=

x2
(0,2 x )

x 2 4,5 10 4 x 9,5 10 5 0

x12
x

b b 2 4ac
2a
4,5 10 4

2,025 10 7 3,6 10 4
9,26 10 3
2

[H+] = [NO2-] = x = 9,26 10-3

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pH = - log 9,26 10-3 = 3 log 9,26 = 2,033
[HNO2] = 0,2 - 9,26 10-3 = 0,19
12. The order of increasing pH based on the acid ionization constant
NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NH3, Na2CO3, NaCl, NH4Cl, H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl
13. a. the number of hydrogen atom is 3
b. the number of acidic hydrogen atom is 2
c. the number of moles of hydroxide ions required to neutralize one mole of the acid
is 2 mol hydroxide ions.
d. CH(COOH)2 + 2OH-

CH(COO2-)2 + 2H2O

14. 1L of 2 mol L-1 NaOH is added to 1 L of 1 mol L-1 H2SO4

i. 2NaOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq)

Na2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

ii. a. The most abundant spesies before mixed is NaOH

b. The most abundant spesies if both solution mixed but the volume of NaOH only
a half is still NaOH.
c. The most abundant spesies after mixed is NaOH
15. a. CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l)

CO32- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

b. a solution of sodium ethanoate is basic when the hydrolysis of ethanoate ion forms
ethanoic acid molecules because when the sodium ethanoate react with water,
there are hydroxide form in the reaction. CH3COO- + H2O
16. a. HCO3- as acidic : HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l)
HCO3- as basic :

HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l)

CH3COOH + OH-

CO32- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

H2CO3 (aq) + OH- (aq)

b. the HCO3 ion is classified as a basic anion because when react with water, the
tendency of those ion is to accept the ion. The ion acceptor usually called base.
17. a. CaCl2 is neutral
b. Cr(NO3)3 is acidic
Cr+3 + 3NO3-

Cr(NO3)3
Cr3+ + H2O

Cr(OH)3 + 3H+.

c. Na3PO4 is basic
Na3PO4

3Na+ + PO43-

PO43- + 3H2O

H3PO4 + 3OH-

d. Na2SO4 is neutral

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e. K2CO3 is basic
2K+ + CO32-

K2CO3

CO32- + H2O

H2CO3 + 2OH-

f. NH4Br is acidic
NH4Br

NH4+ + Br-

NH4+ + H2O

NH4OH + H+

g. KCN is basic
KCN

K+ + CN-

CN- + H2O

HCN + OH-

h. (NH4)2S is depend on the value of Ka or Kb

(NH4)2S

2NH4+ + S2-

NH4+ + H2O
S2- + H2O

18. a. CO2 (g)

NH4OH + H+
HS- + OH-

CO2 (aq)

b. CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

H2CO3(aq)

c. H2CO3(aq) + H2O (l)

HCO3- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

d. HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l)

CO32- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

19. a. CaCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq)

Al(OH)3 (s) + 3H+ (aq)

Ca+ (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

Al3+ (aq)

3H2O (l)

20. a. the oxides in order of increasing acidity : Na2O, Al2O3, P4O11, Cl2O7
b. the oxides in order of increasing acidity : K2O, Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, Cl2O7