DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1.

Brantley WA, Eliades T. Orthodontic materials. New York : Georg Thieme

Verlag, 2001 : 174 84.

2.

Anonymous. Elastic Ligature (orthodontic). October 2007.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_Ligature_(orthodontic)> ( 23 Agustus
2009)

3.

Millet Declan. Orthodontic III : Appliances and movement. In : Heasman

Peter eds. Master dentistry. London : Churchill Livingstone, 2003 : 305
12.

4.

Teixeira L, Pereira BdR, Bortoly TG, Brancher JA, Tanaka OM, Filho OD.
The environmental influence of light cokeTM, phosphoric acid, and citric
acid on elastomeric chain. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 2008 ;
9 (7) : 1 7.

5.

Baty DL, Volz JE, Fraunhofer JAV. Force delivery properties of colored
elastomeric modules. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1994; 106 : 40 46.

6.

Eliades T, Eliades G, Silikas N, Watts DC. Tensile properties of orthodontic

elastomeric chains. Eur J Orthod 2004 ; 26(2) : 157 62.

7.

Eliades T, Eliades G, Watts DC. Structural conformation of in vitro and in

vivo aged orthodontic elastomeric modules. Eur J Orthod 1999 ; 21 : 649
58.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

8.

Nightingale C, Jones SP. A clinical investigation of force delivery systems

for orthodontic space closure. J Orthod 2003 ; 30 : 229 36.

9.

Hussein El-Hassanein. Orthodontic elastics. Orthodontic Depertement

Faculty of Dental Medicine Al-Azhar University 2007 : 5 28.

10.

Tz Chau Lu, Wei Nan Wang, Tien Hsiang Tarng, Jane Wen Chen. Force
decay of elastomeric chain a serial study part II . Am J Orthod Dentofac
Orthop 1993; 104 : 373 77.

11.

Chimenti C, Lecce D, Santucci L, Parziale V, Lucci M. In vitro Assessment

of elastomeric chain behavior. Prog Orthod 2001 ; 2 : 42 45.

12.

Huget EF, Patrick KS, Nunez LJ. Observations on the elastic behavior of a
synthetic orthodontic elastomer. J Dent Res 1990 ; 69 (2) : 496 501.

13.

Stevenson JS, Kusy RP. Force application and decay characteristic of

untreated and treated polyurethane elastomeric chains. Angle Orthod 1994;
64(6) : 455- 67.

14.

Matasa CG, eds. Materials orthodontist use : elastomer. Ortho Cycle 1996;
9 (2) : 2 5.

15.

Saptono Rahmat. Polimer. In : Pengetahuan bahan 2008. Jakarta :

Departemen Metalurgi dan Material FT-UI.2008.

16.

Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St.
Louis : Mosby Elsevier, 1986 : 331 72.

17.

Nattrass C, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M. The effect of environmental factors on

elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs. Eur J Orthod 1998 ; 20 :
169 76.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

18.

Da Silva DL, Kochenborger Cludia, Marchioro EM. Force degradation in

orthodontic elastic chain. Rev. odonto cnc 2009 ; 24 (3) : 274 78.

19.

Matasa CG, eds. Can A simple evaluation of elastomer ligatures be

meaningful?. Ortho Cycle 2003; 15 (2) : 1 2.

20.

Nanda Ravindra, eds. Biomechanics in clinical orthodontics. Philadelphia :

W.B. Saunders Company, 1997: 211.

21.

Tz Chau Lu, Wei Nan Wang. Force decay of elastomeric chain. Chin Dent J
1988; 7 (2) : 74 - 79.

22.

Bramantio. Pengaruh lama dan jarak peregangan terhadap besar gaya

elastik karet ortodonti. Tesis. Jakarta : Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi FKGUI, 1999 : 1 63.

23.

Ortho Organizers. 99-100 Ortho Organizers Catalog 2007. Ortho organizers

products. 25 September 2007.
<http://www.orthoorganizers.com/Uploads?OrthoCatalog_09_2007.pdf>(5
September 2009)

24.

Classone. Elastomer classone Orthodontics.

<http://www.classoneortho.com/documents/I_Elastomers.pdf>(5 September
2009)

25.

Orthodontic Design and Product,inc. Elastomerics.

<http://www.odpinc.com/pdfs/Catalog_Sections/Elastomerics.pdf>(28
Januari 2010)

Universitas Sumatera Utara