Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Winter
/
I.
1981-82
TERRORISM:
The Growing Threat
UNITS
ENGINEER CENTER BRIGADE
Col. Robert A. Dey
ENGINEER TRAINING BRIGADE
Col. Peter J . Groh
PUBUC AFFAIRS OFFICER
Maj. James E. Kiley, Jr.
EDITOR
John Florence
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Sp5 N.P. Lang
COVER ILLUSTRATION
Sp5 Wayne Jones
Editor's Notes
as
.~
E ng1neer
VULUivlE 11
WI NTER 1981-82
NUMBERS
FEATURES
8
12
A Better Mousebap
hy Lt. Col. L,G . Ailinger & Capt. Donald Wh1Uen
14
19
ECTC 81
20
23
28
DEPARTMENTS
2
4
18
22
27
32
ENGINEER PROBLEMS
ENGI NEER SOLUTIONS
CAREER NOTES
ISNGINFJER tB an authorL?;ed publlwltlon or thll IJS Army Eng weer Center amd Fon Belvoir. Va Unless speclt'lcaily stated, material
appearing herem does not nec:essarily reflect offacia.l pollc:y, thiokJng or endorsement by a.ny agency of the US Army AU photo
graphs contained bereiu are o fticla.l OS Army photograph" unlees otherW'lsu crredHed. Use of r-uode for printing tbls publication was
approved by Beadquartere. Department of tbe Army , July 22, 1981 Material herein may be reprm tett iC creda t as gwen to ENGI
NEER and the author ENGINEER OBJEC'l'TVES are to provide o. for11m tor t.he oxcha.nge of ldeiUI , to Inform and motivate , and to
promote the professional development of all members of the Army ijllguleer ramuy DfRE;OT CORRESPONDENCE wHh ENGINEER
ie authortZed and encouraged lnqulrles. lettere to the edHor. manuscript~< photographs and general correspondence l'Jbo~tld be sent
to Editor , ENGINEER Maga~:i.ne, US Army Engjneer Cente~ . Port ~elvolr. Va. 22060. ToJephone A"Utovon 3~ 3082 l f a. return or
manuscripts or material 1a desl.l'ed , a self-addressed envelope ts required StJBSCRlPTIONS to ENGlNEER are avaHa.ble through
tha Superintendent of DooumenLS, US Government Pt1n~mg Office, Washmgton, D.C. 20402. A check or money order, payable to Su
pet1ntendent of Documents, musl accompany all eubscripuon requests Subscription ra.~ee ~~>ro $8 .00 domestl ll (mclucllng APO and
FPO) addresses. and $10 00 for fori!! go addresses IndlvdusJ ooplea are avatla.ble "'"L $2 .7~ per copy ror domesti c addre8aev and $3.4.5
for foreign addresses. CONTROLLED CrRCOLA1'10N postage paid at Fort Belvoir Va and Riv&rd~!o , Md
THE WAY
by Maj. Gen. Max W. Noah
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
Who'sA Who
at
Fort
Belvoir-
Reorganization planned
Plans for reorganizing var
tous civil works activities due to
budget and manpower cutbacks
include converting the New
England division to a district.
Chief of Engineers Lt. Gen. Jo
seph K . Bratton reports.
No Corps field offices will be
closed, but the reorganization
includes personnel reductions at
all Corps activities, streamlin
ing district s, centralizing
administrative and accounting
functions. reducing services at
lock structures, reducing or
eliminating some recreation ac
tivities and further reducing
the Corps' dredging fleet.
The Corps will continue its
mobilization mission. keeping
most engineering, construction
and other technical skills avail
able and well prepared. Engi
neers will also continue to
provide water resource manage
me nt, and to perform design
and construction for the Army,
Air F orce and other federal
agencies.
Water to Quartermasters
Engineer proponency for field
water purification and distribu
tion is being transferred to the
Quartermaster Corps , with En
gineers retaining responsibility
for water source detection and
facility support.
TOEs released in April 1981
show that division level engi
neer battalions and companies
supporting separate brigades
and regiments no longer main
tain water purification sections.
TOEs tor units above division
level are scheduled for release
in 1982, with MTOEs to be im
plemented later by MACOMs.
Engineer concepts and doc
trine favor making the adjust
ment as soon as mission and re
sources permit.
Airborne
engmeers
tdy-no-mite'
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
"ider:
The (nnll11:~nrl/~uppurl 1C/~l rellltlllH,Itip uf lht' En~tlrtl'N
C"rp" C.. mh~tt Hlltt:t llun!> tu tlu 52ol flivi,.ion .
rhr CIS relallllll'lttv ,,r llll\' t"IIJ!Ille~r enmpanic~ qt: lll fvr
"'Urtl to w11rl-. in the Bngt~Ut: urea~.
The utiliJ.alinn of tloe Hll::dtaltuerl rl"i""'"" ' <'lll!in<'er~ iu
Pt)l)jun~:llon with th~: less nwbdr corps Cl\f!;lneerb.
Wh,. is tn h<' lht! Brig;,ult rngi<t~rr (ur .:uol. lmgade ure<t
and whv "ill olirccl !Itt: t'ngiut"er rffo rt 111 tlw cuvt-tin!! lore.,
nrcu?
REQUIHI:.MENTS
1st Brigade
1 company
2d Brigade
.3 companies
Cover Force
Divisjon Contr ol
52d Engr Bn
500tb Engr Cbt Bn
502d Engr Cbt Bn
4 companies
3d Brigade
2 companies
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
Building a
A ~:ohortngt-
5l'L,
fuz,.
llllllt'.
\\ill
be
rem;vnahl~ -111
~
?-//
Figure 1
Figure 2
F igure 3
Figure 4
ENGINEER/Winter 81- 82
Civilian Schooling
IJ
Phillip Richey
~l
ENGINEER/Winter 8 1-82
Qualifications
Cod(
Discipline
CCX
CiviJ Engineering
CFX
Aeronautical Engineering
CUA
ADPS Engineering
DEX
Geodetic Science
DGK
Geological Engineering
CCP
Environmental Engineering
DED
Topographic/Photogammetry
by Judi Milling .
11
A better
mousetrap
~SSlOH
UST
AATEP TASK
I
I
LEVEl
~- ~~
B'l
00
Pl'l.. J ~o
Ic
crnmnrns:
&:..~unt l ets
Hl-l~~-}01\~
fte~u1rcd
slt~
S...Curlty c r ov l ded .
dV-at.lable .
SUIITAS~S
i,OrltSt .
trl,-.lu
~ t ;._o d.trd
RELATED SH TASKS
.:nt'\cett1na
..
.
I>
7_
FC ta r oo 2 -IS .
l~n
S'I'Al'US!
13
TERRORISM
14
T actica l Goa ls
Most theorists agree on five
general tactical goals of terror
ISt groups: l l publicity for their
cause; 2l harassment of the au
thorities; 31 polarization of soci
ety: 4l Aggravation of state-to
slate tt-lations: and finally. 5)
t.he achievement of operational
objectt ves I money , the release of
imprisoned lenders. and so
forth). Operational objectives
are usually secondary objec
tives . The primary purpose
kidnapping or assassination is
most likely to be found among
the first four goals. The mem
omo~, !'tatements and interview!'
of terrorist leaders a nd theo
rif>ts show that they are usually
able to evaluate outcomes and
objectives in a rational man
or
n~r . i
gy
While terrorist groups may be
rational, t.bere seems to be an
almost infinite variatwn in
methods, goals and rationales
among them. Fortunately they
ENGINEER/Winter 81 - 82
~hare
0Ld1118
Nal!onalil\ of
V u t IJ iiH (1f In tf'I'
Milfonnl Terrl r
~ub ~hdrltl
bl Atluck"'.
1Dh!~ 1980
llfnca
;r.m res~"~'
A!lt3
USSR
En! mop
lllln
Amu~
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
~00
'Z.OOO
IS
North
A met~ca
\.atm America
Western Europe
Milita ry
Africa
Ottler
US Govt.
Midea!>l
Asia
Bu:>iness
P at1fi c.
Tourist,
Missionary
Other
~
100
Humlnn ol EYents
l6
so
10 0
150
Nuf'\bc>r of [\'ents
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
Conclusion
While the logic of tenotism Is
mdeed alien to most observers.
tb~ study of terrorism is impor
tant. Terrorism has become a
permanent force in the modern
world and as such, it deserves
our special aLLention and close
scrutiny.
Footnotes
L Alexander George and
Richard Smoke. Deterrence in
17
Book R eview
The Terror
Network
- --
- --
) urk.
~- Y.
Reviewed
b)
Rudo lf
L f'\')
~u.h
18
"""' h1 th... ( uhan IH";l ln111al fund ... \\t'rt' ~1\t'n h, lhl
Uni t' " Stull-" un.l 11tlwr nuti"'" fttr 11,,. rt-lt>ull
compa
11\ t' \t"l'"ttl i It'~
Aftrr ( uhnn and ::.o\lel llll'lhc>lllt-111 \11th thr JRC. uth
"'' htu.lql liltltr;. aul ,,urdttwtiull uffl""" V.t'IP npenc>cl In
Putt'>. Li,b,,u .uul Bru...-<tl,... l'lw J IH ' pn...t 111 h ttll"ltule:>
Ba<.cptt tcnttriS..,. lrt"h R.t.:pnhlilall -\rm1 PrulhHtrl.tl'.
c..erlll.lll\"' Rf'd Arm) Fi:l!' II OII. lhf' llllf't'l \\11011
llHI\Cilll'lll... 1111l tltr H.JUl '-l~ udic Urq!,adt' nl I I.Ull"' l'ul
''"ll rllan.... Ht><l Bn)l.ldl'" of lt,th anrl -.,eral L .11111 \ntrt
t.tn ll'rrun... t j~;ltlttp" rh.,.. .1 R< '" ">llll ~m\1 tug1 lrotsk)
til' drcant ttf ~(,,(,allttd t11<~ristn and r.. n,luttlltt c:ontt."
u-,
ur
\\ ,.,r
I lilt ',
\lam~ lri~hlt nillJ( th.lll ll"llVII"lll tbllf i,., th1 till\\ dltng
11 f n;tll1\
nul itJrtS \nllltu.J in~. until n-etnt h. Iht
l lltlttl ~lUI"' Itt ft' II~Ill7l th... -luhnl naturl' ollterrnri,m
111'""
ENGINEER/Wb:ater 81-82
E
c
T
c
81
19
Couns e ling
plays a s ignifi
cant role in the
functioning and
eff ectiv e ness o f
military units,
regardless of size or mission.
Leaders who see counseling as a
positive tool and who use it as
such wi II also see positive re
s1.lits in overall performance of
duties. Many units throughout
Lhe Army are practicing good
counseling and have ongoing
training in how to counsel.
An aid to effective counseling
can be the counseling statement
or record of counseling. If it is
used pro per ly, this document
can be very helpful, especially
in performance counseling.
It can provide a summary of
what was said, a record of what
was said, and as a last resort,
evidence of what was said. The
20
ENGINEER/Winter 81- 82
2. Measurable
a. What do you want the
soldier to do?.
b. How well?
c. By when?
Counseling Record
Pr r:q Ad
St~trmenl
on Re'Ese
OATf
NI.M
SSAII
SfCIIOfi 11-CIIcurnslart(!S
GRAO
~rr.noN
Ctas~l Out1
Secton 'Companr
Cou~llliS S(llotur~
SEC!ION
1 hrl' seen a copy ol tht
HAll
rerm~ ~ntl
1~-lndllldual Ac~na..li!dgemonl
StCNAfURE
21
~\\\talj
The A Engineer
Problem
You have just concluded reconnaissance
of a bridge targeted for demolition. During
the recon you determined it will be neces
sary to cut four steel !-beams of dimen
sions shown. Using ribbon charge, what is
the minimum amount of C4 tM112) explo
sive needed for the job?
11 " ---.11
Yl"
21"
1.---
L-..--- l 112"
.,. . . _~- 1 1 " - - ( f
'"\jl\
The C\ A Engineer
Problem
A city with a population of 50,000 pro
duces 4 pounds per capita per day of waste.
A sanitary landfj]) site of 20 acres has
been set aside for this waste. Fifteen per
cent of the site must be used as buffer and
the landfill height cannot exceed 15 feet.
If the trash can be compacted to a densi
ty of 800 pounds per cubic yard, how long
can the landfill be opera ted?
Solutions page 27
Subsetlbe to
almru.t
nf chonMl"ll Engmr~r
l>lal
Engine
22
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
Facilities
Component
Management
A ((mature
military engineering
construction system...''
by James G. Winter
Army Chtef of Staff Gen. E. C.
Meyer, stated in his White Pa
ter 1980 that ''A key to winning
the fitst battle, as well as the
~econd and last battle, is an ad
equate sustaining capability
Maintenance, transportation
and other service support gives
us this needed dimension," The
Army Facilities Component
System tAFCS) aids in pr ovid
ing the sustaining capability by
providing facility installation
designs which fill the gaps in
host nation support, replaces
those facilities destroyed by en
emy action, dtrectly su pports
the Army in forward areas, and
forms the basis for base devel
opment planning.
The AFCS is a tool to assist
military planners, su pply
agencies and construction per
sonnel at all levels in the con
struction of facilities required
Lo support combat or rear eche
lon <communication zone) sup
port elements in theaters of op
eration anywhere in the world.
The AFCS was initiated in
1951 when , following World
ENGINEER/Winte r 81-82
23
r. 1
/~:a
"~
1:.----__,..-___.
,~
i
I
j_ _ ____ _j
'--r~
I~
24
Planning Considerations
Figure 1 outlines the general
procedure for us ing AFCS in
planning and designing. Shown
in the circles are information
and directives from planning
headquarters and information
from local sources that need to
be considered at the various
steps of the procedure. The deci
sion points and check points are
shown in diamond-shaped
boxes. The outputs of specific
steps are shown in rectangular
boxes . Inputs from the AFCS
manuals (TMs 5-301 through
5- 303) are shown in the hexa
gons. The following paragraphs
are lettered, numbered and
keyed to Figure 1.
a. Information and direc
tives from higher planning
headquarters a nd informa
tion from local sources:
tl } Civil engineering support
planning (CESP) and construc
tion directiue.s. The major direc
tive may include selected base
sites, assigned support mission,
operational target dates, scope
of construction requirements,
etc. It may also specify priori
ties and construction standards
and allocate resources and real
estate.
( 2 ) Terrain. information re
quirements. Terrain informa
tion inc) udes map reconnais
sance, s ite reconnaissance,
climate and soil. Terrain re
quirements are provided in the
base development plan, where
concealment requirements and
the expected level of mobility
are specified.
(3) Available existing facili
ties. This information could
come from higher planning
headquarters or local intelli
gence sources. The existing faENGINEER/Winter 81-82
'-'<1111'e TPnTtln.;l
riatlloaUOG
f2
~umn
BBLJ
~-
\...,
'\:''l~"'~ \__"
+
"
f?~O 000
1
.:1
----------
--
-....:::
A" Tttmtllii>
/I
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
AFCS. POL FACILffiES IN
I.
THE T
of la nd needed is estimated
based on the cons tructjon re
quirements. Using this esti
mate. information on candidate
sites is evaluated based on ter
rain requirements. The mos t
likely site is inspected by a re
connaissance team, and a site is
then chosen for the installation.
(3) Scope of construction. The
n et facility r equirements and
an,y useable existing facilities.
Existing faciHties include build
ings, utilities, etc.
(4)Lst of installations and
facilities. On the basis of the
s cope of instruction require
ments and the choice of the con
struction standard, a Jist of in
sta llation s and facilitie s,
identified by their numbers, is
developed . TM 5-301 is used to
select the desired installations
and facilities.
(5) Installation layout. The
recommended layout of facili
ties within the installation is
given in TM 5- 302; however1
based on terrain requirements
and other conditions such as ex-
25
pared
which
will
result
in
many
deployable structures. Th ert>
lc>gtstical data and bills of male
new
and
needed
facilities
and
will probably be a reduction m
rials (BO M J. Estimated con
26
ENGINEER/Winter 81-a2
Military
we = aTe = 1 'h"
LC = L T = 2 (A+ B1 + C
LC = 41"
<Volume of charge) VC = TL x
we x LC + 112" x 11t2' x 41"
VC = 30.75 cubic inches
!Volume of one block 04) VS =
22 cubic inches
Bf = Total blocks C4 requ ired
(1 beam)
vc 30.75
Bl = - = - - = 1.4 = 2 Blocks C4
vs
22
BT = Total blocks 04 required
(4 beams)
BT = 4 Bl = 4(21 = R blocks C4
Tc
1
Article Assistance?
'
'
'
,~
,,
/
,\
'
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
27
Engineer Officer
Career Management
28
COL
LTC
MAJ
CPT
lT
50
100
COL
LTC
MAl
CPT
lT
50
1-~ngineea
100
Requir(mentstPopulation (',
Figure 2
29
ACADEMICDEGREE
1980 sc 21
POPULATI ON
HIIRO ENGR
DEGREE
nPICAl
DISCIPLI NES
CIVIL ENGR
Gn~
MATH
SOF1
DEGREE
ART
GEODETIC SCI
llrERATURE
67W.
1F
17~
flU~
ll!
[NGfl
l''igure 3
ICTAl
POPULATION
I.JITHfH RY
ENG INEfRS
30
9~.
ENGINEER POPULATION
ACCESSION
ENGRS
NONACCESSION
NGRS
EXISTINC POPULATION
IOEFORf. '73 DSIGNATIONSl
VC 13 POPULATION
125
(::: 45%)
fUTURt;
MIX
60.:-t
40%
Figu re 4
ENGINEER/Winter 81-82
31
ft Career Notes
32