‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E – Learning courses‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت وﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ‬

‫‪Areas & Land subdivision‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬د‪ /‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ ‪ -‬هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷراﺿﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷراﺿﻰ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣

 ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬- ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬

Areas with straight lines

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤

 ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺈﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق‬
‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ا‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت ‪Triangle method‬‬

‫‪Multi-sided Figures‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬اﻷﺷﻜﺎل ذات اﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬

‫ﺟـ ‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ‪Coordinates method‬‬

‫د‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ‪Double meridian method‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
 Triangle method ‫ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت‬-‫ ا‬-١

‫ب‬
/‫ﺟـ‬ /‫ا‬

‫ا‬
/‫ب‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
½ [( /‫ ( ) ح – ﺟـ‬/‫ ( ) ح – ب‬/‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ] ح ) ح – ا‬
( /‫ ﺟـ‬+ /‫ ب‬+ /‫ﺣﻴﺚ ح )ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ( = ½ )ا‬

( ‫ ﺟﺎ ﺟـ‬x /‫ ب‬x /‫أو اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ½ )ا‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٦
 ‫ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل ذات اﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬-‫ ب‬-١
Area by multi-sided Figures

‫ﺟـ‬

‫د‬
II III
‫ب‬
I ‫هـ‬
‫ا‬

(‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل هﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ أﺻﻐﺮ )ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎت او أﺷﺒﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻓﺎت‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٧

 ‫‪-١‬ﺟـ ‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫‪Area by Coordinates‬‬
‫ص‬
‫ش‬
‫ب‬
‫‪1000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪950‬‬

‫‪900‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪850‬‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬

‫‪5300‬‬
‫‪5200‬‬

‫‪5250‬‬
‫‪5150‬‬
‫‪5000‬‬

‫‪5100‬‬
‫‪5050‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ½ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ] اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪x‬‬

‫)اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ( [‬
‫أو ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ½ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ] اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪x‬‬
‫)اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ([‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫‪ -١‬د‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬
‫)‪Double meridian method (DMD‬‬
‫ص‬

‫ب‬
‫و‪/‬‬ ‫و‬
‫هـ ‪/‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫ا‬
‫ز‪/‬‬
‫ح‪/‬‬
‫ز‬
‫ح‬
‫س‬
‫د‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ] اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺿﻠﻊ ‪x‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ هﺬا اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ [‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬
‫ص‬

‫ب‬
‫و‬
‫هـ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫ا‬
‫ح‬ ‫ز‬

‫س‬
‫ح‪/‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫هـ ‪/‬‬ ‫ز‪/‬‬ ‫و‪/‬‬

‫أو ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ] اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺿﻠﻊ ‪x‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ هﺬا اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻰ [‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
 ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬- ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ‬

Areas with irregular or curved lines

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١١

 :‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬

Give and take method ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺬف واﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬-‫ا‬

Squares grid method ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬-‫ب‬

Average height method ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت‬- ‫ﺟـ‬

Trapizoidal method ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺷﺒﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮف‬-‫د‬

Simpson’s Rule ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺳﻤﺴﻮن‬- ‫هـ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٢

 ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺬف واﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬-‫ا‬-٢
Give and take method

‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬

II
‫ﺣﺬف‬
II

‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٣
 ‫‪-٢‬ب‪ -‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬
‫‪Squares grid method‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = })ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪ x‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ(‬

‫‪ +‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت اﻟﻐﻴﺮ آﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺎ({‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت‬- ‫ﺟـ‬-٢
Average height method

١‫ ع‬٢‫ ع‬٣‫ ع‬٤‫ع‬ ‫عن‬

‫م‬

‫م‬
{(‫()ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬١ – ‫}) ن‬ ‫ن‬
= ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٥

 ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺷﺒﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮف‬- ‫د‬-٢
Trapezoidal method

١‫ ع‬٢‫ ع‬٣‫ ع‬٤‫ع‬ ‫عن‬

‫م‬
‫م‬
{(‫) اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬٢ + (‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬+ ‫} )اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻷول‬ = ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
2
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٦
 ‫‪-٢‬هـ ‪ -‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺳﻤﺴﻮن‬
‫‪Simpson’s Rule‬‬

‫ع‪١‬‬ ‫ع‪ ٤‬ع‪ ٣‬ع‪٢‬‬ ‫عن‬

‫م‬
‫م‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ =‪)} 3‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻷول ‪ +‬اﻷﺧﻴﺮ( ‪ )٢ +‬اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ(‬
‫‪ )٤ +‬اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺰوﺟﻴﺔ({‬
‫** ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﺰوﺟﻴﺔ )ﻋﺪد اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ(‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬- ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬

Areas with mechanical Tools

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٨

 : ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

Polar planimeter ‫ اﻟﺒﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻰ‬-‫ا‬

Digital planimeter ‫ اﻟﺒﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻰ‬-‫ب‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٩

 ‫ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻰ‬- ‫ – ا‬٣

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٠

 ‫أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻰ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢١

 ‫‪ – ٣‬ب ‪ -‬أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻰ‬

‫„‬

‫ﺑﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ رﻗﻤﻰ ذو ﻋﺠﻠﺔ دوارة‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻧﻴﻤﻴﺘﺮ رﻗﻤﻰ ذو ﻗﻄﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
 ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬- ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٣

 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ا‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺪ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ )ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪(Auto cad‬‬
‫ب ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ رﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪Digitization‬‬
‫ﺟـ – اﻟﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻰ ‪Scanning‬‬
‫د ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺪ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﺖ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
 Auto cad ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬-‫ ا‬- ٤
Auto cad ‫ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬-١

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٥

 Toolbars ‫ ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﺮ‬view ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﺒﻞ اﺧﺘﺮ‬-٢

Toolbars

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٦

 Inquiry ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬x ‫ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬-٣

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٧

 ‫ رﺳﻢ ﻧﻘﺎط أرآﺎن ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬-٤

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٨

 ‫‪ -٥‬اﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﺮور ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ب ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻰ ﺻﻮرة رﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪Digitization‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ‪ Digitizer tablet‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮرﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ رﻗﻤﻴﺔ ذات اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت )‪ (x, y‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
 ‫‪ - ٤‬ﺟـ – اﻟﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻰ ‪Scanning‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ال ‪ Scanner‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﺣﺪ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪USB A4 Paper‬‬
‫‪Handy scanner‬‬ ‫‪A4 scanner‬‬ ‫‪Scanner‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫‪ - ٤‬د ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺪ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﺖ‬

‫‪ -‬هﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻈﻠﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ‪ Google Earth‬وﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺤﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬دﻗﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودة وﻟﺬا ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﻴﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪Google Planimeter‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪:‬‬

‫!‪ Measure areas using Google Maps‬اﻟﻬﺪف‪:‬‬
‫‪http://www.acme.com/planimeter/‬‬
‫‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷزهﺮ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﺼﺮ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٣

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ آﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ وﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٤

 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ‬

‫ﺑﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪:‬‬

‫ا ‪ -‬اﻟﺮﺳﻢ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ذات ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ(‬

‫ب ‪ -‬اﻟﺤﺴﺎب )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ – اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٦

 ‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪Graphical Methods‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺪود اﻷرض‬
‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮآﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ )ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ﺟـ ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ ‪ ٣‬أﻗﺴﺎم ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ س‪:‬ص‪:‬ع‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬اﻻﺷﺘﺮاك ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ب )ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﻴﺎﻩ(‬
‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ا‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫د‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ س‪:‬ص‪:‬ع‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻴﻦ ب ﺟـ ‪ ،‬ا د‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫هـ‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬
‫ص‬
‫ع‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ﺟـ ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ س‪:‬ص‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬أن ﻳﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ د ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ا ﺟـ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ب‬
‫و‬

‫هـ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫ا‬
‫ص‬ ‫س‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ﺟـ ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ ‪ ٣‬أﻗﺴﺎم ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ س‪:‬ص‪:‬ع‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬أن ﻳﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ د ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ا ﺟـ‬
‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ط‬
‫ﺣـ‬

‫ا‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫هـ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ع‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ﺟـ ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬أن ﻳﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ د داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬
‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫و‬
‫د‬

‫ا‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫هـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ﺟـ ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ ‪ ٣‬أﻗﺴﺎم ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬آﻞ ﺿﻠﻊ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ب‬

‫و‬

‫ا‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫د‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻷرض ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ﺟـ ﻳﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ ‪ ٣‬أﻗﺴﺎم ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﻮازى اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ا ﺟـ‬
‫د‪١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫هـ‪١‬‬
‫ب‬

‫د‪٢‬‬ ‫د‬
‫هـ‪٢‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ – اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬

Computational Method

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٥

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﺪدى ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻷراﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫ب‬ ٦٠ ‫هـ‬
٨٧
‫د‬ III
٠

١٠
II

٨٠
١٠

٠
٧٠

‫ز‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫ س‬-١٠٠
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying ‫س‬
Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٦
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻷرض‪ :‬اﻷرض ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺑﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ أﻃﻮاﻟﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ا ب = ب ﺟـ = ﺣـ ا = ‪١٠٠‬م ‪ ،‬ب هـ = ‪٦٠‬م ‪ ،‬هـ ﺟـ = ‪٨٠‬م‪ ،‬ا د = ‪٧٠‬م ‪،‬‬
‫ب د = ‪٨٧‬م ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﻴﻦ وﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ب‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ : I‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ½ ‪ x١٠٠ x١٠٠ x‬ﺟﺎ ‪ ٤٣٣٠ = ٦٠‬م‪٢‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ : II‬ح = ½ ‪١٢٨ = (٧٠ + ٨٧ + ١٠٠)x‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ])‪½ [ (٨٧-١٢٨) x (٧٠ -١٢٨) x (١٠٠ – ١٢٨) x ١٢٨‬‬
‫= ‪ ٢٩٥٦٫٨‬م‪٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ : III‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ½ ‪ ٢٤٠٠ = ٨٠ x ٦٠ x‬م‪٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ = ‪ ٩٦٨٦٫٨ = ٢٤٠٠ + ٢٩٥٦٫٨ + ٤٣٣٠‬م‪٢‬‬
‫ﺣﺼﺔ آﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ = ‪ ٤٨٤٣٫٤ = ٢ \ ٩٦٨٦٫٨‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ = ٤٨٤٣٫٤‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ + I‬اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ا ب ز = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ + II‬اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ب ﺟـ ز‬

‫= ‪ x ½ + ٤٣٣٠‬س ‪ ١٠٠ x‬ﺟﺎ‪٦٠‬‬
‫س= ‪ ٥٦٫٤٣‬م‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬
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E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٨