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Air Leak Syndrome


Sindroma Kebocoran Udara
KK PERINATOLOGI
RSAB HARAPAN KITA

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Pendahuluan
Definisi: sekumpulan penyakit
(pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax,
pulmonary interstitial emphysema dan
pneumopericardium) yang patofisiologi
penyebabnya sama . Overdinstensi kantung
alveoli atau akhir dari saluran pernapasan yang
dimulai dengan gangguan integritas jalan napas,
menghasilkan kebocoran udara ke ruang
sekitarnya
Periode baru lahir Risiko >> Air Leak
(kebocoran udara)

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Pendahuluan
Peningkatan frekuensi berhubungan dgn:
Frekuensi gagal nafas
Penggunaan ventilator
Resusitasi bayi VLBW dgn def. Surfaktan
Lahir dengan Mekonium
Hipoplasia paru (sekunder: hernia diafragma)

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Insidensi
Paling sering ditemui pada neonatus dengan
penyakit paru yang pernafasannya dibantu
ventilator tapi bisa juga terjadi secara
spontan. Semakin parah penyakit paru yang
diderita, semakin sering kebocoran udara
terjadi.

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Insidensi
TTN 10%
RDS 27%
Aspirasi Meconium 41%

Faktor Risiko
Pemakaian ventilator
Meconium staining
Terapi surfaktan

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Faktor Risiko Terjadinya


Sindrom Kebocoran udara

Spontan 0,5%
Bantuan ventilator 15-20%
CPAP 5%
Pewarnaan kuning oleh mekonium /
aspirasi mekonium
Terapi surfaktan
Upaya keras resusitasi (ventilasi
dengan kantung)

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Patofisiologi
Overdistensi ujung jalan nafas (penyebab paling
sering dari semua Pulmonari Air Leaks)
ventilasi alveolar yang tidak biasa
Air traping
Tekanan yang menyebabkan alveoli distensi
(ventilator)

Peningkatan volume paru ada batasnya


tekanan mekanik diseluruh alveoli dan dinding
bronkhial robek

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Patofisiologi
Barotrauma, penyebab tersering.
Disebabkan oleh pemberian tekanan
positif dalam paru. Tidak bisa dicegah bila
BBL sakit memerlukan ventilator, tetapi
efeknya dapat diminimal
Penyebab lain overdistensi. Gas trapping
(MAS, mucous plugs, intubasi terlalu
dalam)

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Gambaran klinis

Spontan: RD, kebutuhan oksigen,


Ventilator: sianosis, hypoksemia, hiperkarbia,
asidosis respiratori
Gawat nafas atau kondisi klinis yang tiba-tiba
memburuk dan disertai dengan perubahan tandatanda vital dan memburuknya gas darah.
Ditemui toraks asimetris pada kasus unilateral.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis definitif dengan radiologi (AP, lateral)

Pencegahan
Terapi yang baik adalah pencegahan

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Prognosis
Tergantung penyebab penyakitnya
Long term outcome tidak ada perbedaan
<24 jam, mortalitas
Berat BPD

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Letak Air leaks

Sindroma

Terapi

1.

Interstitial
emphysema

-mengurangi barotrauma

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Pulmonary
interstitium
Pleural space
Mediastinum
Pericardial
space
Perivascular
sheat
Subcutaneous
tissue
Peritoneal
space

Pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinu
m
Pneumo
pericardium
Perivascular
emphysema
Subcutaneous
emphysema
Pneumoperitoneum

-suplemen oksigen,
punksi
-pericardial drain
-mengurangi barotrauma
-drain
-pasang drain

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Chest tube & WSD


Indikasi :
Tension pneumothoraks
Pneumothoraks
Drain effusi pleura

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Alat-alat
Satu set alat vena
sectio
Sarung tangan steril
Betadin & alkohol swab
IV cath no 18
Three way stopcock
Spuit 10 cc
NaCl 0,9% 25 ml
Lidokain 2 %

Bisturi no 15
Trocard trhoraks no 12
FR
Satu set WSD
Aquades steril 500 ml
Silk HR
Tegaderm
Klem

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