Chapter 1 : Slab system

Our slabs are designed as partially prestressed ,

that is 80% of self weight is designed as Posttensioned flat slab and the remaining portions are
. designed as reinforced concrete

A-Slab thickness
From table 9.5 (c) , the slab thickness chosen is

l
33

= 303.3 mm

: Thus , use 350 mm slab thickness

: B- Load calculations
: Dead load .1
Plastering =

15
10

* 21 = 31.5 Kg

Sand = 1 * 0.125 * 1800 = 225 Kg

Mortar = 1 * 0.03 * 2100 = 63 Kg

Tile =
m2

20
10

/Total DL = 360 Kg /

* 20 = 40 Kg
m2

= 3.56 KN
: Live Load .2

From the ACSE , the Live load is determined

referring to the occupancy category of the
. building ( residential building )

m2

From the figure ; the LL is 4.79 KN

The next step is to start the design of our

slabs using csi SAFE , however ; the self load
multiplier of the slab own weight is set to be
0.2 since 0.8 of the slab weight will be carried
by the Strands of post-tensioning , we'll start
our design by designing the slab as reinforced
: concrete
Defining the materials , sections , spans , .1
. design strips , loads and load combinations

The following figures will illustrates how to

input the design info. Starting from the
materials until being ready for running
. analysis and design

The above figure illustrates splitting the Slab into

design strips of width equal 10 m , this design strip
is composed of a column strip of width 5 m , and
. two half middle strips with 2.5 width each
Actually ; using the ACI Direct Design Method is
not permitted here since the loads includes Nongravity load ( earthquake loads and wind loads ) ,
however ; the csi SAFE will use a more accurate
procedures of design , which is the Equivalent
. frame method

: Now defining the loads as follows

Now after adding the loads , csi SAFE will

automatically set the Design combinations and the
design will be according to the controlled one as
: showing in the figures below

. Design and analysis Results -2

Now we are ready to the run the analysis and
design of the slabs
Hint : moving the cursor at any point will give the
value of the moment at that point ( eg. Max.

. moment is 445.4 KN/

m2

As mentioned above , csi SAFE enable us to select

the bar size that we will use in the slabs : the
following figures will illustrates the complete
: design of the strips
Note : the blue line indicates the limit for the
minimum reinforcement ; i.e : most slabs will
require only minimum reinforcement except the
exterior spans , thats because a large quantity of
the load is held by the STRANDS ( 80 % of self
!!!!!! weight )

: In the N-S Direction

: In The E-W Direction

Note here the top steel will require a design rather

: than minimum reinforcement

Moving the cursor across the diagram

( reinforcement diagram ) will give the required
amount of bars , thats enable us easily for
. applying bar cut-off for more economic design

: Requirement of placing steel bars

While applying cut off of bars in two way slabs ,
some bars must remain constant across the strips
and must not be cut , the ACI code showed this
: thing and recommended the following

These figures is clear enough for applying cut-off

providing that the requirement of the Development
. length is satisfied

: Summary of Reinforcement
Provide minimum reinforcement bottom steel
in the Design strips , That is

min=0.0018 A g

uniformly distributed across the bay width ,

also provide the required amount of top steel
as suggested by csi SAFE uniformly
distributed over the effective band with of
. the support

Manual Design of post-tensioned concrete slab to

. balance 80% of self weight of the slab

MA
TE
RIA
LS
:

f'c = 35 Mpa for concrete = 24 KN/m.s fci'= 0.75f'c= 27 Mpa fpu= 1860 Mpa , fps not exceeding 1276 Mpa fpy = 1690 Mpa fpe = 1100 Mpa Eps = 200 Gpa fy = 420 Mpa Stress-relived strands ( K 270 ) -

. Slab thickness = 350 mm Unsupported length of the column ( story height ) = 4 m

'
. ft = 0.25 f c = 1.48 Mpa . fc = 0.45 f'c = 15.8 Mpa -

Self weight = 24 * 0.35 = 8.4 KN/m.s Balance ratio = 0.8 0.8 * 8.4 = 6.72 KN/m.s The analysis here is based on the Equivalentframe method as recommended by the ACI
: Code

As shown in the figure , the analysis here is based

on an equivalent frame taken in the N-S

direction , since all spans are same in magnitudes ,

also all columns are equal in dimension , analysis
for one equivalent frame is enough for finding the
required # of strands and non-bonded
reinforcement for the whole slabs in the both
. directions
Hmin= L / 30 = 10000/30 = 333.33 mm Use h
. = 350 mm
Ww = 6.72 KN/m.s
Wu = 1.2 * 6.72 = 8.06 KN/m.s
assume an average intensity of compressive
stress due to balancing is fc = 1.17 Mpa , then unit
F = 1.17 *350*1000 = 409.5 KN/m , so ; trying

1
2

in diameter seven wires stress relived strands ; Pe

= Aps * fpe = 99*1100 = 108.9 KN , for L = 10 m ,
total Fe = 409.5 * 10 = 4095 KN .# of strands per
bay is

Fe
Pe

= 4095/108.9 = 37 strands , and total

Pe = Fe = 108.9 * 37 = 4029.3 KN , the actual unit

force F = 4029.3/10 = 402.93 KN/m , and the
actual unit stress is fc =

402.910 3
1000350

= 1.15 Mpa <

1.17 Mpa , which is satisfactory . Consequently ,

use fc = 1.15 Mpa due to load balancing , and
assume a tendon profile as shown in the figure
: below
a1 =

175+ 300
2

- 50 = 187.5 mm , a2 = 350 50 -

. 100 = 200 mm

Wbal =

8F a
l2

8402.930.1875
102

= 6.044 KN/m.s

Wnet = 6.72 6.044 = 0.676 KN/m.s for the

. exterior span
Wbal =

8F a
l2

8402.930.2
102

= 6.45 KN/m.s

Wnet = 6.72 6.45 = 0.27 KN/m.s for the interior

. span

Equivalent frame characteristic

Kc =

4 I c Ec
l2 h

4Ec40040031
12
4000 (2350 )

= 2585858.586 Ec
x x3 y
)
y
3

( 10.63

( )

=C

2565354167 =

350 400

)*(

350
400

* 0.63 -1 ) =
4

mm
92565354167Ecs

10,000(1

400
)
10000

9 C Ecs
l2(1

c2 3
)
l2

= Kt

92565354167Ecs
3

10,000(1

Ecs

Kec =

1
1 1
+
k c kt

400
)
10000

5219226.414 =

1
1
+
2585858.586 5219226.414

= 1729152.367
Ecs

Ecs

Ks =

4 I c Ecs
C
l n 1
2

4100003503E cs
400
12 10000
2

= 14583333.33

Since all members are of the same concrete

. material , Ec cancels each other

: Exterior column
Ks
K

= DF

Kec+Ks
Ks
+ Ks

=
0.894 =

14583333.33
14583333.33+1729152.367

: Interior columns
=

Ks
K

w l2
12

Int . Span : FEM =

Point
Membe
r
DF

B
BA
BC

0.894

0.47
0.47
5.6 +
2.25
1.6 1.6
2.5 +
1.17 - 0
0.95 -

5.6 4.98

CO
.Dist

0.79 0.71

w l2
12

A
AB

FEM
.Dist

Kec+ Ks
Ks
+ Ks

14583333.33
14583333.33+14583333.33+1729152.367

0.472 =

EXT. Span : FEM =

= DF

0.676102
12

0.2710 2
12

C
CB
CD

= 5.633 KN.m
= 2.25 KN.m

D
DC
DE

0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
- 2.25 +
- 2.25 +
2.25
2.25
0 0
0
0
0.7 0.37
0.37

Final
Mnet

0.734 -

5.36
5.01

Mnet = 5.36 KN.m

. Slab concrete tensile stress at support

Maximum Mnet = 5.36 (

0.2710
2

0.4
3

) = 5.18
KN.m

bh
6

Slab section modulus , S =

Ftop =

P
A

M
S

= -1.15 +

mm3

10000350
6

204166666.7

5.18106
204166666.67

= -1.13

. Mpa , OK

. Slab concrete tensile stress at Midspan

Maximum Mnet =

0.2710 2
8

- 5.36 = -1.805 KN.m

6

Ftop = -1.15 +

1.80510
204166666.67

= -1.158 Mpa , OK

Ultimate flexural strength analysis

Balanced Moment .1

: Exterior span -

KN.m 50.4 =

6.04410 2
12

W b l2
FEM bal =
12

: Interior span KN.m 53.8 =

6.45102
12

W b l2
FEM bal =
12

Now Running a moment distribution will determine

the maximum balanced moment for the exterior
. column joints

Point
Membe
r
DF

A
AB

B
BA
BC

0.894

0.47
0.47
50.4
53.8
1.6 +
1.6
22.4
10.5 - 0
10.5 63.9
65.9

FEM
.Dist

50.4 44.8

CO
.Dist

0.8
-0.71

Final
Mnet

5.46 -

C
CB
CD

D
DC
DE

0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
- 53.8 +
- 53.8 +
53.8
53.8
0 0
0
0
0.8 0.37
0.37

Secondary Moments ( Ms ) and factored load .2

moment ( Mu )

: Exterior span . From tendon profile , e = 0.0 mm

M1 = Primary moment = Pe.e = 0.0 KN.m

KN.m 5.46 - =
M bal

Ms =
Factored FEM =

W u l2
12

M bal

- M1 = -5.46 KN.m

8.06410
12

= 67.2 KN.m

: Interior span From tendon profile , e = 175-50 = 125 mm

M1 = Pe . e = 402.93 * 125 = 50.4 KN.m
KN.m 63.9 =

M bal

Ms = 50.4 63.9 = 13.5 KN.m

Factored FEM = 67.2 KN.m
And now running a moment distribution for the
factored moments , here analysis of pattern
loading should be made to determine the worst
. case of the service and factored loads
Point
Membe
r
DF

A
AB

B
BA
BC

C
CB
CD

D
DC
DE

0.894

0.47
0.47
67.2
67.2
0
0
29.9
- 14.1 14.1
82.2
81.3

0.47
0.47
- 67.2 +
67.2
0
0
0.8 0.37
0.37

0.47
0.47

FEM
.Dist

67.2 59.81

CO
.Dist

0
0

Final
Mnet

5.46 -

Design Moments Mu .3
The design moments are the difference between
the factored load moments and the secondary
. moments

: Exterior span
Mu = 7.4 5.46 = 1.94 KN.m

: Interior span BA
Mu = 82.2 -13.5 = 68.7 KN.m

: Interior span BC
Mu = 81.3 15.5 = 65.8 KN.m
Moment reduction to the column face of
V .c
3
M
ln

= support
-

W u. l
2

=V

: For the exterior span

V=

8.06410
2

82.27.4
10

KN.m 4.4 =

= 32.84 KN.m
32.840.4
2

V .c
3

Centerline moment = 6.6 1.94 = 2.5 KN.m

Required Mn =

Mu

4.7
0.9

= 5.2 KN.m

: For the interior span BA

V=

8.06410
2

7.482.2
10

KN.m 6.4 =

= 47.8 KN.m
47.80.4
3

V .c
3

Mu = 68.7 6.4 = 62.3 KN.m

Mu

Required Mn =

62.3
0.9

= 69.2 KN.m

: For the interior span BC

Since the factored moment is almost the same
the required moment is smaller than the previous
. span , thus ignore it

Span AB maximum positive moment

Assume point of zero shear ( or max. moment ) is
: at ( X ) m from face A
X=
W u x2
V AB . x
M u + M s
2

V AB
W AB

32.84
8.064

= 4.07 m

= Maximum positive moment

2

5.46 + 7.4

8.064.07

32.84 *4.07 =
KN.m 64.93 =

Required

M n=

Mu

64.93
0.9

= 72.14 KN.m

Span AB maximum positive moment

Unadjusted Max. +ve moment =

W u . l2
8

8.06410 2
8

= 100.1 KN.m
ve Moment = 100.1 82.2 + 15.5 = 33.4 KN.m +

Flexural strength ( Nominal moment strength ) .3

Interior supports ( top face of the support ) -1

: As required by the ACI Code

A cf
mm2
mm2

262.5 = 1000 * 350 * 0.00075 =

Thus use 5

. Spacing =

As = 0.00075

10

As provided = 71*5 = 355

1000 (510)
4

= 238 mm 300 mm , Ok

0.0014 =

3699
10000300

. Mpa 1100 =

f pe

f 'c
100 p

. Mpa 1462 =

A ps
bd

35
100.0012

+ 70 +

f pe

f ps

+ 70 + 100 =

KN per meter width of 521.1 =

14629936
10

F ps

. the slab
KN per meter width of 149.1 = 355 * 420 =

Fs

. the slab
Now , the total force provided by both
reinforcement types

: is ( bonded and non bonded )

.KN 670.2 = 149.1 + 521.1 =

mm 22.53 =

670.2103
0.85351000

T.C , Ok 0.319 > 0.08 =

a=

Ft

A s . f y + A ps . f ps
0.85 f 'c b

22.53
300

a
dp

( a2 )

M n=( A s . f y + A ps . f ps ) d

KN.m > 193.5 = (

22.53
2

300 ) * 670.2 =
.69.2 KN.m , Ok

Mid-span section ( +ve moment ) -2

KN 521.1 =
mm 17.5 =

a=

521.1103
0.85351000

! Ok ,,,,, TC , 0.319 >

M n=521.1 300

F ps

a
d

17.5
=136.6 KN > 72.14 KN . m
2

: Summary
Use 37 Strands uniformly distributed across
the bay width with 5

10

at the top fiber at

. the support section