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First of all it is my view which I am sharing however I will mention the name of
scholar if I quote.
Answering the first question is the easiest as well as most difficult thing to do as
it needs some background guidance (knowledge as a word) not used as basic
theme of Islam or Quran is not gaining knowledge but guidance.
I start in the name of Allah most beneficent and merciful. Guidance is from
Allah only, if HE happens to guide someone nobody can misguide him and if
HE happens to misguide someone nobody can guide him except ALLAH.
Before I start I will ask following questions
What is Quran and its purpose revelation?
Who is Allah?
What do understand of term sovereignty?
Was prophet Mohammad sent for only muslims?
What relation do we have with Allah? And what is Ibadah?
Does our deen mainly possess personal acts of worship only?
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2: "A lif Lam Ra. A book We revealed to you in order that you might take mankind from
the depths of darkness to light by the will of their Lord and to the path of Him, the Exalted in
power, worthy of all praise" (Ibraaheem 1).
3: And this Quran leads to the path that is most right "(al-Isra 9)
4: A guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion between right
and wrong]" (al-Baqarah 185).
5: And by Nafs (Adam or a person or a soul), and Him Who perfected him in
proportion; Then He showed him what is wrong for him and what is right for
him; (Al-shams verse 7-8)
Above verses are mentioned just to give an idea regarding the importance of
Quran in our lives.
Things of prime importance from above are
1: One should be God fearing then the doubts will go away otherwise vice
versa.
2: You and I are not judger of what is right and wrong its only Allah through
Quran.
3: Through Quran HE pre-set criteria of what is right and wrong.
4: Given us an insight to differentiate right from wrong in our souls.
(Previously in life of prophet, he was in direct contact with Allah so he also
decided according to revelations i.e. differentiating right from wrong).
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From above point of view everything in life is either right or wrong, and its
been predefined before. Suppose its not defined in Quran and Sunnah then we
have the ability to define/ judge what is wrong and right (this is in built in us as
pointed in surah shams).
Before we jump to direct answer we need to know who ALLAH is. Everyone
knows the answer but in practical nobody gives importance to his orders in
daily lives. What is meant by sovereignty in literal sense? In simple words it is
supreme power and authority.
If you google the meaning of sovereignty is jurisdiction, supremacy, dominion,
power, ascendancy, suzerainty, tyranny, hegemony, domination, sway,
predominance, authority, control, influence, rule.
In Quran exactly same meanings of sovereignty are repeated with different
examples? One of the best book to read on this is by maududi.
http://www.slideshare.net/kingabid/four-basic-quranic-terms-maududi
Keeping in view of above specially the sovereignty (whose order prevails) inil
hukmu illa lillah.
The command (or the judgement) is for none but Allah (Yusuf 40)
HE has the right to rule and whole universe is his Dominion. So no other can
rule in theoretical as well as partical manner. Ruling should be absolute in lives
of individuals as well as ruling a state. It is absolutely ridiculous and foolish to
say that in ruling a state there is no dominion of Allah.
Looks at these verses (3:26, 35:13, 17:111, 40:16, 18:26, 7:54, 3:154)
Do not say about what your tongues describe falsely, This is lawful and that is
unlawful so that you may forge the lie upon Allah. Surely, those who forge a
lie upon Allah do not prosper (al-nahl 116)
So one thing which is of foremost importance, that matters in which HE has
given clear verdicts we cannot change them by our own will. When its said it
will prevail in all times.
RIGHT TO RULE BELONGS TO ALLAH WHETHER THAT DOMAIN IS
INDIVIDUAL OR PUBLIC OR UNIVERSAL.
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Another aspect is that Prophet Mohammad was sent for all mankind. For
example some verses.
O mankind! Verily, there has come to you the Messenger (Muhammad SAW)
with the truth from your Lord, so believe in him, it is better for you. But if you
disbelieve, then certainly to Allh belongs all that is in the heavens and the
earth. And Allh is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise (al Nisa 170)
We did not send you (O prophet,) but to the entire mankind, as a bearer of good
news and as a warner, but most people do not know (Saba 28).
In above verses O mankind is used this is directed to mankind white and
black, the Arabs and non-Arabs alike.
So the rule is for Allah only and the message delivered is to whole mankind.
Whether Muslims, Pagans, Christians, Jews etc. In todays world the message is
for Indians, Americans, Europeans, Sri Lankans etc.
What is the relation of Allah and man? .. Relation is of master and slave.
Why mankind was created and what is the purpose of creation? . for
Ibadah alone.
Ibadah consists of two components worship and slavery.
Example is very simple we offer prayers five times a day, fast in month of
Ramadhan. But what we do in between prayers and other eleven months?
Are we not related to Allah in between them? Yes we are then how? ------- As
slaves
Example from day of Prophet ---- Kuffar did not worship Allah absolutely
yes, they worship idols. But when they take riba, burry daughters alive, involve
in gambling etc. what they did wrong!!!!! They denied being slaves of Allah.
So relation of man and Allah is now defined. Now look around are we
worshiping properly? Maybe but for sure we are not acting as slaves of Allah.
Here lies the crux of the issue. We have become lord of ourselves. We have left
the sovereignty to our own rationalistic opinions.
Keeping slavery in mind relation with Allah can be depicted with this model at
individual level.
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ALLAH
Worship
Slave
HUMAN
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[Plus and minus signs show enjoining good and forbidding evil , a key concept
of a society of Allahs slaves which are bonded together in a balanced way and
with Allah as well]
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So sovereignty belongs to Allah, man is Abd and slave with relation and
purpose of Ibadah gelled with each other in enjoining good but stopping each
other from evil.
Going further in details of this, Allah has also ordered his slaves, especially to
stablish this command in the land whenever they gain power.
(The ones who help Allah are) those who, when We give them power in the
land, establish Salah, pay Zakah, bid what is Fair and forbid what is Unfair. And
with Allah lies the fate of all matters. (Al Hajj 41)
I will give an example of Hazrat Umar time of caliphate
History bears witness, and it is narrated via the process of tavatur, that 'Umar
did these things in the best possible way. He was concerned with the protection
and development of the institutions of state serving the financial, judicial and
military fields, as well as matters pertaining to the appointment of governors.
He strove to make the people adhere to the command of Allah and the
commands of His Prophet Muhammad &), and he strove to make the people
avoid that which has been forbidden by Allah and by His Prophet &), using his
position as caliph of the Muslims, and through the governors of the provinces in
the Muslim state. Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The main
aim of the governor in any Muslim province is to enjoin what is good and forbid
what is evil.
(biography of Umar-ibn-Al Khattab by Ali Muhammad As-Sallabee)
So next question which arises in mind is Are we ordered to gain power or
establish power in
a land and by what means.
It can also be re phrased as Are we ordered to establish Allah Almighty
sovereignty in any piece of land
Did it happen in the Islamic history? If yes when and where? Madinah
One thing which is clear from above discussion is that right to rule or legislate
belongs to Allah only. But how is it possible to establish rule if Allah is not
physically present on this earth? This is possible only through HIS slaves to
establish his rule by not only obeying as well as commanding his orders to
others. Only this is the true way sovereignty be established on earth or on piece
of land. So in order to establish sovereignty of Almighty slaves struggled to
gain power in the time prophet Muhammad .
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Allah tells us the difference between Eman and Muslim. Islam means to
surrender rather than word peace. Who surrenders is a Muslim.
The Bedouins say, We have come to believe. Say, You have not come to
believe; instead, you (should) say, We have surrendered and the belief has not
entered your hearts so far. If you obey Allah and H hose are the truthful. (Al
Hujrat 14-15)
is Messenger, He will not curtail (the reward of) any of your deeds in the least.
Surely Allah is Most-Forgiving, Very-Merciful. Believers, in fact, are those
who believe in Allah and His Messenger, then have no doubt, and struggle, with
their riches and their lives, in the way of Allah. T
So order is to struggle with your money and lives in the way of Allah, and the
way to Allah is to establish HIS authority. Way of Allah is not just making other
people Muslim; it is just a part of it. Neither is it killing and only killing (it is
another part of it).Jihad can be divided as jihad bil nafs, jihad bil quran (to
convey message to all), Jihad bil maal, jihad bil saif (sword).
So that those who were to be destroyed (for their rejecting the Faith) might be
destroyed after clear evidence, and those who were to live (i.e. believers) might
live after a clear evidence (al anfal 42).
In other words this jihad explained previously can be divided as follows:
i)
ii)
iii)
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Note: there are many verses on Jihad but I am not quoting them because it will
make discussion lengthy.
Till now it is established that rule is by Allah only, one who is a true worshipper
and slave known as a believer should devote his or her life for establishing it
and if any tyrant force come into its way should be dealt harshly. It is crystal
clear from verse of surah hujrat that a true believer struggles in way of God. If
not then you remain Muslim but not a true believer.
In last we will see verses regarding the people who did not accept authority of
Allah on land.
Know you not that to Allh (Alone) belongs the dominion of the heavens and
the earth! He punishes whom He wills and He forgives whom He wills. And
Allh is Able to do all things. (Sovereignty). O Messenger (Muhammad SAW)!
Let not those who hurry to fall into disbelief grieve you, of such who say: "We
believe" with their mouths but their hearts have no faith. And of the Jews are
men who listen much and eagerly to lies - listen to others who have not come to
you. They change the words from their places; they say, "If you are given this,
take it, but if you are not given this, then beware!" And whomsoever Allh
wants to put in AlFitnah [error, because of his rejecting the Faith], you can do
nothing for him against Allh. Those are the ones whose hearts Allh does not
want to purify (from disbelief and hypocrisy); for them there is a disgrace in this
world, and in the Hereafter a great torment. (They like to) listen to falsehood, to
devour anything forbidden. So if they come to you (O Muhammad SAW), either
judge between them, or turn away from them. If you turn away from them, they
cannot hurt you in the least. And if you judge, judge with justice between them.
Verily, Allh loves those who act justly.But how do they come to you for
decision while they have the Taurt (Torah), in which is the (plain) Decision of
Allh; yet even after that, they turn away. For they are not (really) believers.
Verily, We did send down the Taurt (Torah) [to Msa (Moses)], therein was
guidance and light, by which the Prophets, who submitted themselves to Allh's
Will, judged for the Jews. And the rabbis and the priests [too judged for the
Jews by the Taurt (Torah) after those Prophets] for to them was entrusted the
protection of Allh's Book, and they were witnesses thereto. Therefore fear not
men but fear Me (O Jews) and sell not My Verses for a miserable price. And
whosoever does not judge by what Allh has revealed, such are the Kfirn (i.e.
disbelievers - of a lesser degree as they do not act on Allh's Laws). And We
ordained therein for them: "Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear,
tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." But if anyone remits the retaliation
by way of charity, it shall be for him an expiation. And whosoever does not
judge by that which Allh has revealed, such are the Zlimn (polytheists and
wrongdoers - of a lesser degree). And in their footsteps, We sent 's (Jesus),
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son of Maryam (Mary), confirming the Taurt (Torah) that had come before
him, and We gave him the Injeel (Gospel), in which was guidance and light and
confirmation of the Taurt (Torah) that had come before it, a guidance and an
admonition for Al-Muttaqn Let the people of the Injeel (Gospel) judge by
what Allh has revealed therein. And whosoever does not judge by what Allh
has revealed (then) such (people) are the Fsiqn (the rebellious i.e. disobedient
(of a lesser degree) to Allh And We have sent down to you (O Muhammad
SAW) the Book (this Qur'n) in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before
it and Muhaymin (trustworthy in highness and a witness) over it (old
Scriptures). So judge among them by what Allh has revealed, and follow not
their vain desires, diverging away from the truth that has come to you. To each
among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allh had willed, He
would have made you one nation, but that (He) may test you in what He has
given you; so compete in good deeds. The return of you (all) is to Allh; then
He will inform you about that in which you used to differ And so judge (you O
Muhammad SAW) among them by what Allh has revealed and follow not their
vain desires, but beware of them lest they turn you (O Muhammad SAW) far
away from some of that which Allh has sent down to you. And if they turn
away, then know that Allh's Will is to punish them for some sins of theirs. And
truly, most of men are Fsiqn (rebellious and disobedient to Allh). Do they
then seek the judgement of (the days of) Ignorance? And who is better in
judgement than Allh for a people who have firm Faith. (Al Maida 40-50)
Above verses tells us that initially jews were given torah but they use to judge
by other sources, then came Christians they also did the same. They were given
clear orders to judge by what Allah had revealed but they failed to do so. On
these acts they are labelled as kaffirun (who deny), zalimun (cruel) and fasiqun
(rebellious).
To summarize
All Humans are slaves of Allah, who is the ruler of this universe, who orders to
establish HIS rule on earth. In practical HIS authority is established by obeying
and commanding his revealed verses because there is no other way to get it
done. Muslim is a person who surrenders himself and become slave of Allah,
doesnt argue against clear orders, practice teachings including enjoining good
and forbidding wrong. When this set of Muslims get power by struggling in way
of Allah with their lives, they practice same at collective level. For establishing
HIS authority at collective level they legislate and implement the verses of
Quran. Those set of verses which are directly related to above are known as
Shariah. There is no separate heading and chapter in Quran labelled as Shariah.
If someone read Quran for only Guidance will get the whole concept rather than
a snap shot. In short Shariah is the tool by which is authority is exercised.
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Once the tool is used and authority is established by his slaves that place or
piece of land is called an Islamic state. For question one there is no direct verse
says please form an Islamic state rather please note that Islamic state is the end
result of struggle in the way of Allah.
Question 1: So the answer is yes the ultimate goal is to establish HIS rule which
will be seen as Islamic state.
I will answer the question as one. Ruling by Allah in this point of time? Is it
required in this modern era? Era of machines, communication, freedom of
thought, scientific discoveries, rationalism etc... What does it mean? Is it
affecting Allah? Who is free of need and praiseworthy, omnipotent. If all these
advancements have nothing to do with HIM then how come the ruling be
changed in time. HE with his rule and ruling is the constant figure in above
equation. Humans will remain as slaves whatever and whenever they are called
in point of time. Worship will not change. Enjoining good forbidding evil will
remain same. Killing, adultery and robbery will remain the same so than why
the laws be changed. Science, machines should help exercise and implement
these laws of shariah rather calling them Stone Age.
Why to separate religion from politics? By political means you gain power to
rule and legislate. Then how come by coming to power you are sovereign. You
have to implement basic laws according to the Quran. Did Quran gave any
verses regarding ruling a state or government if yes do it or you are not acting as
slave, you are acting as kaffir, zalim and fasiq (you remain a Muslim but the
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and glory is to Him, (far above is He) from having the partners they associate
(with Him)." (Al-Tauba 30-31)
Surely, they have disbelieved who say: "Allh is the Messiah s (Jesus), son of
Maryam (Mary)." But the Messiah s(Jesus) said: "O Children of Israel!
Worship Allh, my Lord and your Lord." Verily, whosoever sets up partners (in
worship) with Allh, then Allh has forbidden Paradise to him, and the Fire will
be his abode. And for the Zlimn (polytheists and wrong-doers) there are no
helpers (Al Maida 72).
They distort the words after they had been properly placed (Al-Maida 40)
These verses point out what was wrong on their part. They made Isa as god,
believe in trinity, and distort the words of gospel and torah so that people be
misguided. On this last act Allah declared in surah Tauba verse 31 they took
their monks as lords beside Allah.
In simple words the present day Christianity in major is not the true
Christianity. I call it as western Christianity. True ideology of Christianity
almost died few years after the Jesus was gone. It was Saint Paul who is the
culprit, father of western Christianity. Now when the base of religion is wrong
how come the religious scholars of that time could defend it in front of
rationalism. So initially this western Christianity clashed with science and latter
at the time of renaissance clashed with state. In between era is known as dark
ages.
After renaissance there was great boom of materialism and scientific
discoveries. Many well-known philosophers and scientists came into the play.
But in their heart hatred to religion was present due to their own history. So
whatever was written in between 1700 to 1900 AD was devoid of religious
touch or divine touch.
In short to summarize
ALLAH WAS REPLACED BY NATURE
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Secularization has its roots not in biblical or quranic faith, but in the
interpretation of faith by westernize man; it is not the fruit of the gospel or
Quran but it is the fruit of the long history of philosophical and
metaphysical conflict in the religious and purely rationalistic worldview of
western man.
First how it affected us? It is very simple as subcontinent remained under the
British rule.
Second how it dominated the world is again simple. Western empire started
after crusades first British Empire (15831783), rise of the second British
Empire (17831815), Britains imperial century (18151914) a total of
26,000,000 km2of world dominance.
It is absolutely right that west was defeated leading to loss of its empire but the
thought and culture prevailed with full dominance, people totally unaware of it
leading to misunderstanding of revealed knowledge. (True essence of deen was
lost).
So religion is now restricted to personal sphere only. Secularism implies that the
divine guidance, worship of god, and obedience to him, should be confined to
the personal life of each individual and except for the small sphere of a person's
private life, all other affairs of this world should be settled purely from the
worldly viewpoint, according to our own wishes and expediency.
In such matters it is out of the question to think of what God may have
commanded what his guidance consists of and what the divine books may lay
down.
This attitude owes its origin to the reaction that set in among the western
peoples as a result of their hatred of the man-made theology of Christian
missionaries, a theology which had become a curse for them and which forged
their shackles.
It will be unfair to just criticize west who have given us material comfort, made
things more rational.
Give the devil its due!
How our religious scholars reacted was also amazing, leading further disarray
and confusion.
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Keeping background in mind will review the history of early Muslims. We will
go through the letters which prophet Muhammad and early caliphs sent to the
other empires.
1: Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (Christian)
In the name of Allah, the Most-Beneficent, the Most-Merciful. (This letter is)
from Muhammad the slave and messenger of Allah to Heraclius the ruler of
Byzantium. Peace be upon him who follows the right path. I invite you to Islam,
and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your
reward, and if you reject this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by
misguiding your Arisiyyln (i.e., peasants).
And I recite to you Allah's Statement:
'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we
worship none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and
that none of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah. Then, if they turn away,
say, 'Bear witness that we are Muslims
(those who have surrendered to Allah)." (Al- 'lmran, 3:64)
2: Letter to Ethiopia (Christian)
In the Name of Allh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. From
Muhammad
the Messenger of Allh to Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Peace be upon
him who follows true guidance. Salutations, I entertain Allhs praise, there is
no god but He, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Source of peace, the Giver of peace,
the Guardian of faith, the Preserver of safety. I bearwitness that Jesus, the son of
Mary, is the spirit of Allh and His Word which He cast into Mary, the virgin,
the good, the pure, so that she conceived Jesus. Allh created him from His
spirit and His breathing as He created Adam by His Hand. I call you to Allh
Alone with no associate and to His obedience and to follow me and to believe in
that which came to me, for I am the Messenger of Allh. I invite you and your
men to Allh,
the Glorious, the All-Mighty. I hereby bear witness that I have communicated
my message and advice. I invite you to listen and accept my advice. Peace be
upon him who follows true
guidance."[Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/60]
3: The Prophet wrote Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt and Alexandria
(Christian)
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"In the Name of Allh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.From
Muhammad slave of Allh and His Messenger to Muqawqas, vicegerent of
Egypt. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Thereafter, I invite you to
accept Islam. Therefore, if you want security,accept Islam. If you accept Islam,
Allh, the Sublime, shall reward you doubly. But if you refuse to do so, you will
bear the burden of the transgression of all the Copts.
"Say (O Muhammad : O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to
a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allh, and that
we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords
besides Allh. Then, if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are
Muslims. " [Al-Qur'an 3:64]
4: A Letter to the King of Oman, Jaifer, and his Brother Abd Al-Jalandi
(pagan)
"In the Name of Allh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.From
Muhammad bin Abdullah to Jaifer and Abd Al-Jalandi.
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I invite both of you to
the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allh has sent me as a Prophet to all His
creatures in order that I may instil fear of Allh in the hearts of His disobedient
creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who deny Allh. If you
two accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but if you
refuse my Call, youve got to remember that all your possessions are perishable.
My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will assume
preponderance over your kingship.
A very fine point can be noted here, with Christians prophet Muhammad said
come to common grounds, no straight away killing them but they need to accept
the Islam as the dominant system in their territories.
For pagans it is said except Islam, if you do that will remain in possession of
your land otherwise you are perishable.
At the time of second caliph delegation, led by an-Nu'man ibn Muqrin, reached
al-Madi'in and entered to meet the Persian king Yazdagird, who asked them,
through his translator:
"What brought you here? What motivated you to invade us and penetrate so deeply into
our
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land? Is it because we were distracted from you that you were encouraged to attack us?
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see your Kings throne and crown lying at our feet while he is running about
places to save his life. How did that happen? Harmuzan replied:
Sir, then it used to be a war between the Persians and the Arabs. Now you
have your God with you.
So point is simple and clear only system is system of Islam, Allah is the ruler of
this system which has to dominate.
Another point which I would like to make, that first you (as a state) should
attain that height and stature which Muslims of early time achieved. You have
to give an example to the world that this is the system and rule of Allah come
and see.
1: This will create sense of awe and fear in hearts of foreign leaders
2: Establish justice in own and foreign lands, treat people mercifully.
3: Granting conquered people freedom to accept religion.
Some principles of war taken from lives of prophet and caliph are
1: People who attack should be fought (after giving them clear proofs and
evidence to think upon)
2: No jihad bil saif if there is no political authority i.e. individuals cannot start
on their own
3: The civil population has to be provided safety. The civil population and civil
installations cannot be destroyed.
Early caliphs and by many other successive Muslim rulers. A number of such
charters have
been included by Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah in his book Al-Wathaiq alSiyasiyyah, which presents the political documents of the days of the Prophet
of Islam (PBUH) and
his immediate successors. In these documents, the Prophet (PBUH) gave
instructions to his soldiers and commanders, for example, that they should not
cheat, commit treachery
or mutilate the corpse of an enemy, and that they should never kill a child or a
woman
4: The fourth principle is that no act involving any kind of treachery may be
committed.
Two examples may be mentioned.
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1: During the days of the Second Caliph, there was a battle between the
Muslims and Iranians. An Iranian soldier climbed a tree and took shelter at the
top of the tree. A Muslim soldier located him and told him, in Persian, Ma
tars, i.e. Do not fear. The Persian soldier thought that he was being given
shelter and protection and came down. However, as soon as he came down, he
was killed by the Muslim soldier. The matter was reported to the Second Caliph.
He issued a policy statement in which he used the same Persian term declaring
that anybody saying Ma tarsto an enemy soldier and then killing him will be
prosecuted for murder and will be liable to a death penalty (Badr ad-Din alAyni, Umdah al-Qari, Vol. XV, p. 94)
2: The other example is even more significant. The Muslim government had
entered an agreement with a non-Muslim people living somewhere near the
frontiers of modern Turkey and Syria. These people used to create difficulties
for the Muslims, particularly by looting Muslim trade caravans traveling
between Arabia and Europe. Caliph Muwiyah, the founder of the Umayyad
caliphate, decided to take action against them. However, the agreement the
Muslims had entered with these people was time-bound; it was extended every
year. In order to take action against them, the Caliph waited until the
agreement came close to its end. A month before the agreement was toexpire, he
prepared and ordered a Muslim army under his
own command to march to the frontier where the troublemaking people resided.
His idea was to wait until the last date of the agreement and then, instead of
extending it, to attack and punish the people the very next morning. Technically,
it would appear that he was totally
justified, legally, constitutionally and in terms of todays international law. He
was moving in his own area, and he was not taking any action during the period
of the agreement. But this was the personal opinion of the Caliph, and it was
not shared by some others. There was a
Companion of the Prophet ( PBUH), Amr ibn Anbasah, who considered this
conduct a violation of the treaty.
Amr ibn Anbasah mounted a horse and rushed in the direction in which the
Muslim army
was marching. The Caliph was informed that somebody was approaching and,
subsequently, that it was the Companion Amr ibn Anbasah. As Amr caught up
with the Muslim army, he was shouting Fulfill (the obligation)! No
(commission of) treachery!
After reaching the Caliph, he explained his interpretation and understanding of
the treaty, and how the initiative of the Caliph amounted to treachery. Amr
pointed out that once a Muslim State enters into an agreement of peace with any
people, it is required to remain peaceful even in its intentions towards the
enemy. The two sides should be emotionally at peace. The fact that the Muslim
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ruler had contemplated a military action against the other side and had moved
his army with this intent meant he had gone against the spirit of the commitment
to have peace during the agreement period. In this context, Amr ibn Anbasah
referred to the Quranic verse that says:
If you (O Muhammad SAW) fear treachery from any people throw back (their
covenant) to them (so as to be) on equal terms (that there will be no more
covenant between you and them). Certainly Allh likes not the treacherous.( Al
anfaal 58).
Abu Bakr knew that he could not win over foreign people with the sword.
Simply defeating an enemy militarily neither solves nor achieves anything. Or in
other words, Abu Bakr appreciated the fact that post-war planning was just as
essential as pre-war planning; the
Latter involves defeating the enemy on the battlefield, and the former involves
providing for
The basic needs of conquered peoples, providing them with security, and
spreading justice among them. The people had to be reassured, so that they
would not think that one tyrant was
Being replaced by another, one who was more severe, harsh, and evil than the
first.
(Biography of Abu baker As Siddique by Ali Muhammad As Sallabee)
During the war in Ash-Sham, two Muslim commanders Amr ibn Al Aas and
Shurahbeel ibn Hasanah , sent the severed head of Banaan, one of the
high priests of Ash-Sham, to Abu Bakr. When Amr and Shurahbeel' s
messenger Uqbah ibn Aamir returned with Banaan's severed him, Abu Bakr
became angry. Uqbah then said Khaleefah of the Messenger of Allah, this is
what they do with us. To which Abu Bakr retorted And should we follow the
ways of Persia and Rome! Carry no more heads to me; instead, it is enough for
you to send me a letter or inform me directly (about a victory or about the death
of an enemy leader)
(Biography of Abu baker As Siddique by Ali Muhammad As Sallabee)
Look at this verse of Quran
And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed, all of them
together. So, will you (O Muhammad SAW) then compel mankind, until they
become believers? (Yunus 99).
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So this is the fine level of understanding one should have before attacking or
killing someone rather than playing football with heads of enemies (footages/
videos of Taliban playing with heads of Pakistan army soldiers)
Without a doubt, Muslims wanted to remove tyrants, thus giving people the
opportunity to see, appreciate, and embrace the light of Islam. And yet when a
nation was conquered and its people were informed about the teachings of
Islam, they were allowed to choose for themselves whether they wanted to
embrace Islam or remain upon their religion.
People who dont accept Islam as their religion should be given protection as
Dhimmis
Ahl al-dhimma may be translated into English as guaranteed citizens, i.e.
citizens whose protection and whose defense is to be guaranteed by the
Muslims, the citizenry as well as the state. This guarantee is to be issued on
behalf of Allah and His Messenger. They were allowed to choose the latter
option as long as they remained true to their covenant with Muslims, the terms
of which were as follows.
They were to pay the Jizyah tax to Muslims. This tax was paid by nonMuslims who lived in Muslim lands. It afforded non- Muslims the right
to follow their own religion, and it also guaranteed them that, as long as
they remained loyal to the Muslim government, Muslims would be just
towards them and would protect them from all foreign enemies. So, like
all other Muslim citizens, they would enjoy security and safety, and no
one had the right to steal from them or wrongfully take from their wealth.
There were certain jobs to which they could not aspire; for instance,
given that their loyalty to the cause of Islam was suspect at best, they
were not allowed to fight in the Muslim military.
They were not to pose a threat to Muslims or their religion, and they were
not to form any movement that sought to ruin, destroy, or distort any
aspect of Islam.
They were allowed to maintain their religion only, but if they wanted to
switch .from their religion to another one, only Islam would be accepted
from them.
(Atareekh Ad-Dawah Ilal-Islam (pg. 263)
The Prophet (PBUH) was extremely sensitive about fulfilling this commitment
or pledge as
extended to non-Muslims. This commitment is considered to have been made,
not by individuals or rulers, but the Quran and by the model examples of the
Prophet (PBUH).
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There has been a general principle, which enjoys unanimity amongst the
Muslim jurists that a
privilege or a right once granted to a non-Muslim can never be withdrawn or
changed to his disadvantage. A state can change a constitution; it can change its
law. It can even modify the Islamic laws based on ijtihad or the exercise of
independent judgment. But once a privilege is guaranteed to a non-Muslim, it
cannot be withdrawn.
There are examples in Muslim history where a privilege was conceded to a nonMuslim and it continued to be preserved and protected by Muslim rulers for six
or seven centuries.
Non-Muslims are like Muslims as far as the civil matters and the dealings of
this world are concerned.
Real issue is if not all, most of us take Taliban and Daish as the exemplary
figure of Islam regarding dealing with non-Muslims.
but when you have image of Taliban and Daish in your mind there is more
likely chance to say they were wrong. Some realities will not change that Islam
need to be dominated as it is the only system of Allah through which his
sovereignty be established.
Yes if someone or party or group struggles for it they are on the right, but if
they make errors in execution then this doesnt mean that we should not think of
an Islamic state or system.
If Daish is burning churches synagogues then it is not the Sunnah. If they are
killing civilians again its not Sunnah.
If a fruit of some tree is rotten, you dont cut the whole tree! Disagree with
reason.
Yes if it happens in future that a true revivalist party form we all should be a
part of it rather than shying away. We need to read Quran and early caliph
history so that we can have idea about what the party is all about. There is a
hadith with its explanation, which I am quoting regarding the righteous people
of end of times.
The Messenger Muhammad (saw) said:
"Some people will come on the Day of Judgement and their Imaan will be
outstanding, it's light will shine from their chests and from their right hands. So
it will be said to them, 'glad tidings for you today, Assalaamu alaykum and
goodness for you, enter into it (Jannah) forever!' So the angels and the Prophets
will be jealous of the love of Allah for them."
So the Sahabah asked, ' who are they O Messenger of Allah?' He (saw) replied,
"They are not from us and they are not from you. You are my companions but
they are my beloved. They will come after you and will find the book (the
Qur'an) made redundant by the people, and a Sunnah which has been killed by
them. So they will grab hold of the book and the Sunnah and revive them.
So they will read them and teach them (the Qur'an and the Sunnah) to the
people and they will experience in that path a punishment more severe and more
ugly than what you (O Sahabah) have experienced. Indeed, the Imaan of one of
them is equivalent to the Imaan of forty of you. The Shaheed of one of them is
equivalent to forty of your Shuhadaa'. Because you found a helper towards the
truth (the Prophet [saw]) and they will find no helper towards the truth. So they
will be surrounded by tyrant rulers in every place, and they will be in the
surroundings of Bayt ul-Maqdis (al-Quds). The Nussrah (victorious material
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support) of Allah will come to them, and they will have the honour of it on their
hands." Then he (saw) said "O Allah give them the Nussrah and make them my
close friends in Jannah."
Reported by Ahmed #17561, chain #77. Hasan according to Ibn Hajr alHaythami.
People will say what is the authority of this hadith, this can be a fabricated
narration Walahu'Alam. Everyone has this mentality nowadays as they dont
think before speaking . The sentence I highlighted red can be confirmed from
Quran when Allah says regarding Prophet Muhammad (will say on day of
judgement regarding us) in Surah Furqan verse 30
And the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) will say: "O my Lord! Verily, my
people deserted this Qur'n (neither listened to it, nor acted on its laws and
teachings)
There are relatively similar hadiths:
Anas bin Malik (RA) narrates that the Messenger of Allah ()
said: " I wish that I could meet my brothers."
The Sahaabah (RAA) asked: "Aren't we your brothers?"
He replied: "You are my Companions, but my brothers are those who will
believe in me without having seen me."
Similar-worded authentic narrations are mentioned by Muslim in Sahih (no.
367), Imam Malik in al-Muwatta (no. 53), An-Nasa'i in Sunan (no. 150), Ibn
Majaah in Sunan (no. 4296), Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad (no. 7652, 8924 &
21708), Al-Tabaraani in Musnad al-Shamiyyin (no. 1071), Al-Bayhaqi in Sunan
al-Kubra, Dalail al-Nubuwwa (no. 2913) and Suhaib al-Imaan (no. 2625), Ibn
Hibbaan in his Sahih (no. 7363), Abu Ya'la al-Mawsilie in Musnad (no. 3296 &
6370) and in Majmu' (no. 276), it was classed as Sahih by al-Albani in Sahih
an-Nasaa'i (no. 150), Sahih Ibn Majah (no. 4306), Sahih al-Jamaa'i (no.
3698/6011), Silsilah al-Sahihah (no. 2888), Mishkat al-Masabih (no. 298) and
Sahih at-Targhib wa Tarhib (no. 177).
Others who consider this narration to be authentic are Al-Hafidh Ibn Hajar alAsqalani, Imam Ibn Abdul-Barr, Al-Hakimi.
Another thing is that I have not discussed hadud in my letter because it is a
matter of jurists need to cut the hand of thief, from where is disputed in
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different fiqh. This needs to be decided by jurists according to their own fiqh.
But this doesnt mean that you abandon the command of Allah on minor
controversies judgement belongs to Allah.
We all should look like slaves of Allah by obeying his commands which are
clear, especially command other than five pillars of Islam. Dont involve in riba,
get family to observe hijab, dont involve in any lottery game, dont take loans
with interest involved, no take care on lease etc. If change is evident to others,
this is the only way other can judge the eman in you.
We worship partially. We dont want to be slaves of Allah. Freedom in bounds
prescribed by shariah.
I will end by saying of Dr Israr.
I would like to put before you a question What is the greatest need of the hour
for the Muslim Ummah today? I seek your indulgence to think deeply and
explore whether it is wealth, political power, education, technology or
democracy?
According to my analysis the greatest need of Muslim Ummah today is an
understanding of the methodology of bringing about a revolution as was
brought by the Holy Prophet (SAW).
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