Ir. Davy Sukamta

5/20/2015
Peraturan Gempa / SNI 1726

Design dan Metode Analisis
Struktur TahanGempa
di
Performance-Based Seismic Design dan NLRHA

Isolasi Seismik pada Gedung Tinggi
DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS
5/20/2015
Reducing the Design Earthquake with R factor
(Design Base Shear)
Rotational demand is small
5/20/2015
Kelemahan dalam
Strength Based Seismic Design
dengan Analisis Linear Elastik
1.
Penampang beton mempunyai kekakuan effektif tertentu, tidak

tergantung tingkat pembebanan
2.
Hubungan Force-Deformation suatu penampang tertentu dengan

tulangan berbeda mempunyai constant stifness, dengan
nilai ultimate yield rotation yang berbeda
Kait harus cukup panjang

Kait 135o dan 90o dipasang selang-seling
3.
Nilai R diambil dari tabel, tanpa melihat geometri dan redundancy
4.
Analisis elastik dilakukan pada seluruh komponen
5.
Higher Mode efffect bisa berpengaruh signifikan untuk struktur langsing
5/20/2015
Y = Y H2/3
TABEL NILAI Force Reduction Factor R
y + p
y
= 1+ 3
p Lp
yH
y + p
y
=1+ 3
pL p
yH
5/20/2015
SEISMIC DESIGN PROCEDURE
SEISMIC DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM

SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
IRREGULARITY
REDUNDANCY
BASE SHEAR SCALING
1. Seismic Design Category

2. Permitted Analytical Procedures
3. Structural System Selection
4. Seismic Design Coefficients
5. Effective Seismic Weight (Mass Source)
6. Design Response Spectrum
7. Base Shear Scaling (Force)
8. Base Shear Scaling (Drift)
9. Irregularity
10. Amplification of Accidental Torsion
11. Redundancy
DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS, Structural Engineers
Overview on Seismic Response

Spectrum
REDUNDANCY
Generating Design Response Spectrum using

the new seismic map
Mapped spectral acceleration at MCE level
(2500 yr earthquake)
Site coefficients
Spectral acceleration values adjusted from
Site Class effects
Redundancy factor,
Desirability in multiple lateral-force-resisting load path

Belief that excessive loss in story shear strength or development of an
extreme torsional irregularity may lead to structural failure
Verify whether an individual member has a significant effect on the overall
system
Use either 1.0 or 1.3
Spectral acceleration at DBE level

(500 yr earthquake)
5/20/2015
REDUNDANCY
FLOWCHART
BASE SHEAR SCALING (FORCE)

Determine Base Shear (Vx, Vy) based on ELF
Minimum limit applies based on:
upper limit period (CuTa)
0.044*SDS*I
If Tx (from ETABS) > Cu*Ta,x
If Ty (from ETABS) > Cu*Ta,y
If Vx < 0.044*SDS*I*W
If Vy < 0.044*SDS*I*W
use Cu Ta,x
use Cu Ta,y
USE Vx = 0.044*SDS*I*W
USE Vy = 0.044*SDS*I*W
If ETABS value, Vtx < 0.85Vx

If ETABS value, Vty < 0.85Vy
scale to match
scale to match
1. Moment frame harus dapat menerima

min. 25% dari gaya gempa
tanpa bantuan interkasi shear wall
2. Nilai batas yang harus diterima shear
wall sbg. dual system
5/20/2015
Peraturan Tahan Gempa yang ada TIDAK

MAMPU menunjukkan kinerja struktur
yang riil secara definitif
Saat struktur memasuki rentang inelastik,
distribusi bidang momen lentur dan gaya
geser akan berubah
Peraturan Tahan Gempa tidak menjamin
gedung tidak rusak saat terkena gempa
Peraturan yang ada hanya dimaksudkan
untuk low rise building dan tidak cocok
untuk tall building
The use of nonlinear pushover analysis

in design office
-
Use program with nonlinear capabilities

Model the shear wall as layered shell elements
or as fiber elements
Analysis can be stopped if
performance point has been met
Show the hinge formation with status
5/20/2015
STRENGTH BASED SEISMIC DESIGN
Static equivalent Procedure (Linear)
Linear response Spectrum Procedure

Pushover Analysis
PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC DESIGN
Non-Linear Response History

Analysis
5/20/2015
Untuk kondisi MCE, analisis menggunakan metode NLRHA
1. Akurasi prosedur analistis

2. Taraf konservatisme pada kriteria penerimaan
membuat struktur lebih loss-resistant
3. Aplikasi PBSD terhadap gedung baru
Significantly impact shear and flexural demand
4. Cara menyampaikan kinerja gedung secara

lebih jelas untuk pengambilan keputusan
5. Penggunaan material dan sistem struktur
baru yang tidak dicakup peraturan
5/20/2015
1. Struktur mempunyai respons elastik pada taraf SLE

(gempa 43-tahun = 50/30) dan akan mengalami kerusakan
kecil saja yang mudah diperbaiki
2. Struktur mampu menerima MCE (gempa 2475-tahun )
- Tanpa kehilangan kapasitas pendukung beban gravitasi
- Elemen penahan lateral penting tidak mengalami inelastic
strain yang akan mendegradasi kekuatannya
- Tidak terjadi simpangan lateral permanen atau yang
mengarah kepada instabilitas struktur secara global
10
5/20/2015
PERFORM 3D Inelastic Concrete Material
11
5/20/2015
Service Level Earthquake 43-tahun EQ

Maximum Considered Earthquake
2475-tahun EQ
OBJECTIVE : Rancang struktur agar tahan

guncangan gempa taraf layan (SLE) tanpa
kerusakan berarti
Gunakan analisa response spectrum, 2.5%
damped
Lakukan linear analysis dengan model 3-D
Gunakan nilai kekakuan yang realistis
Gunakan nilai kekuatan nominal code
Hasil analisa tidak perlu dimodifikasi dengan faktor
R atau o
Tidak perlu diskalakan terhadap

kriteria minimum base-shear
D/C 1.50
Bila diperlukan, dapat dilakukan
NLRHA
Torsi teoritis harus dimasukkan
Faktor tambahan torsi tidak diperlukan
Story drift 0.50 %
12
5/20/2015
Gunakan NLRHA dengan nilai kekakuan dan

kekuatan realistik (expected strength)
S-F-S-I boleh diikut sertakan
Gerakan tanah dikerjakan pada dasar mat atau
lewat soil springs
Gunakan model 3-D, modellkan semua komponen
yang dapat mempengaruhi seismic demand pada
taraf MCE
Masukan pengaruh P-Delta
SOIL FOUNDATION STRUCTURE INTERACTION
13
5/20/2015
Untuk mensimulasikan kinerja

struktur secara akurat, model
NLRHA harus didasarkan pada
EXPECTED strength dan
expected properties dari bahan
dan komponen, bukan pada
minimum specified properties
14
5/20/2015
Rotasi coupling beam dibatasi sampai 0.06 radian

Regangan aksial tulangan core wall dalam tekan
0.05, dalam tarik 0.02
Regangan aksial beton dengan confinement penuh
pada core wall dibatasi sampai 0.015
Gaya geser pada core wall harus diambil dari hasil
verifikasi post-analysis.
15
5/20/2015
16
5/20/2015
The Pakubuwono Signature

-
50-story 250-M high

RC core wall & outrigger
First building analyzed with
PBSD method in Indonesia
- Structural Engineer: Davy Sukamta & Partners
- Completed in 2014
-
The use of
PERFORMANCE-BASED SEISMIC DESIGN
PAKUBUWONO SIGNATURE
Designed in accordance with PEER-TBI Guidelines

Floor-to-floor 3.85m
RC Core wall and Outriggers as lateral resisting system
Wall thickness 650 mm
Outrigger Beam 3-story deep
Expected inelastic action at coupling beams, base of
core wall, both ends of outrigger columns
Basement structure is included

Model is fixed at the mat foundation level
SSI is not included
core wall
hinge zones
3-D Nonlinear Model
17
5/20/2015
CHICHI RECORD
3-D VIEW
Y-AXIS
X-AXIS
18
5/20/2015
Earthquakes Can Be Catastrophic

And Very Expensive
Seismic Design of
Japanese Pagoda
Shin-Bashira
Loma Prieta 1989 $7 Billion

$450 Million per Second
Northridge 1994 - $30 Billion

$2 billion per second!
Kobe 1995 - $150 - $200 Billion

$7.5 billion per second!!
19
5/20/2015
Fundamental principle of base isolation: modify the

response of the building so that the ground can move
below the buildings without transmitting these motion
into the building.
Plan of Base Isolators
HDRB
16 nos HDRB HH130 -6R

24 nos HDRB HH150-6R
20
5/20/2015
Courtesy: Bridgestone,Japan
Lateral Resistant System: RC Corewall+Outrigger

and Seismic Steel Moment Frame, with HDRB
Base-isolated Structure
Nomor
Ragam
1
2
3
Outrigger Beam
Periode Getar
(detik)
4.233
4.160
3.454
Faktor Partisipasi Mass (%)

X-trans
Y-trans
Rz-rotn
0.00
99.05
0.00
99.20
0.00
0.18
0.18
0.00
99.81
RC core wall
Outrigger
Shear Link
Fixed-base Structure
Outrigger
Column
Structural Scheme Outrigger Floor
Nomor
Periode
Getar
Nomor
Ragam
1
2
3
(detik)
1.657
1.453
1.012
Ragam
1
2
3
Periode
Getar Faktor Partisipasi Mass (%)
(detik)
1.657
1.453
1.012
X-trans
0.00
54.97
0.01
Y-trans
58.08
0.00
0.00
Rz-rotn
0.01
0.03
65.31
Dynamic Characteristic of
Based-Isolated vs Fixed-Base Structure
1.657 sec 4.233 sec
21
5/20/2015
Seismic design detailings are put in

place with strict supervision to the
works, starting from foundation:
- Confinement of pile
- Diameter of bend
- Length of hook
Vertical Displacement Measurement

During Final Inspection
Gap Measurement
22
5/20/2015
Typical Floor Plan
27-story
Base-isolated structure
PURI MATAHARI
TOWER
JAKARTA
Base-isolated Structure
1.899sec
3.755sec
Fixed-based Structure
Periode
Area
Tower
7 nos.HT090x6R
9 nos.HT120x6R
10nos.HT130x6R
12nos.HT160x6R
Modal Participating Mass Ratios

(%Mass)
Mode
(detik)
Ux-Trans
1.899
57.90
0.07
1.755
0.06
Uy-Trans
59.96
Rt-trans
1.11
1.308
0.01
0.50
65.13
0.00
Base Isolation Plan
23
5/20/2015
Fixed-Base
BM Diagram of Core Wall
ETABS Model
Isolated Base
Non-linear Push-over Analysis
V=77436 kN
V=39946 kN
V=19973 kN
V=12906 kN
Direction
Fixed-Base
Isolated Base
Base Shear vs Displacement (PUSH-1)
Base Shear vs Displacement (PUSH-2)

6000
45
Non-linear Push-over Analysis
40
5000
35
V=77436 kN
V=39946 kN
Base Shear (x1000 KN)
Base Shear (x1000 KN)
V=19973 kN
4000
30
25
20
ISOLATOR
DISPLACEMENT
15
3000
ISOLATOR
DISPLACEMENT
2000
ROOF DISPLACEMENT
ROOF DISPLACEMENT
V=12906 kN
10
1000
5
Direction
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Displacement (m)
1.2
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Displacement (m)
24
5/20/2015
Performance of Seismically Isolated Structure vs Conventional Structure

Fully Operational
The Puri Matahari Tower under construction

R=2.0 CD=2.0
R=6.0 CD=5.0
Fema 356 CP
Fema 356 LS
Fema 356 IO
The Puri Matahari Tower

http://www.davysukamta.com
27-story
RC Core wall with outrigger
Perimeter steel frame
Composite steel truss
Seismic isolation system
News / Articles / Medan2015
THANK YOU
25

Ir. Davy Sukamta

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5/20/2015

Peraturan Gempa / SNI 1726

Performance-Based Seismic Design dan NLRHA

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Reducing the Design Earthquake with R factor

(Design Base Shear)

Rotational demand is small

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Penampang beton mempunyai kekakuan effektif tertentu, tidak

Hubungan Force-Deformation suatu penampang tertentu dengan

Kait harus cukup panjang

Nilai R diambil dari tabel, tanpa melihat geometri dan redundancy

Analisis elastik dilakukan pada seluruh komponen

Higher Mode efffect bisa berpengaruh signifikan untuk struktur langsing

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

TABEL NILAI Force Reduction Factor R

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

SEISMIC DESIGN PROCEDURE

SEISMIC DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM

1. Seismic Design Category

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS, Structural Engineers

Overview on Seismic Response

Generating Design Response Spectrum using

Desirability in multiple lateral-force-resisting load path

Spectral acceleration at DBE level

BASE SHEAR SCALING (FORCE)

If ETABS value, Vtx < 0.85Vx

1. Moment frame harus dapat menerima

Peraturan Tahan Gempa yang ada TIDAK

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

The use of nonlinear pushover analysis

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Use program with nonlinear capabilities

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

STRENGTH BASED SEISMIC DESIGN

Static equivalent Procedure (Linear)

Linear response Spectrum Procedure

PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC DESIGN

Non-Linear Response History

Untuk kondisi MCE, analisis menggunakan metode NLRHA

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS, Structural Engineers

1. Akurasi prosedur analistis

Significantly impact shear and flexural demand

4. Cara menyampaikan kinerja gedung secara

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS

1. Struktur mempunyai respons elastik pada taraf SLE

DAVY SUKAMTA & PARTNERS, Structural Engineers