PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA

ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the method of research used, the respondents
of the study, the instrument utilized in the investigation, the data-gathering
procedure adopted, and the statistical treatments applied to the data of the
study.

Research Design
According to Key (2000), descriptive method of research is directed
toward ascertaining the conditions that prevail in a group of cases chosen for
study. In line with this, the researcher used descriptive method to solve the
problems involved in the study being conducted. The method was proven in
the research study conducted by Bauat (2009), wherein it was the most
suitable method for research especially for business administration studies. It
was also proven that the method was more accurate in the assessments of
data that came up from study pertaining to nature and incidence of
prevailing conditions, practices or description of all subjects, processes and
persons involved in the problems being studied.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the officers and the members of
Sulong sa Tagumpay Multi-Purpose Cooperative for the fiscal year 2013. The

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA
ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

following table shows how the respondents are distributed according to

profile.
Table A
Distribution of Respondents According to Profile
Office

Classificatio

Membe

Gold

Silver

16

14

Bronze

55

Position
Board of
Director
Committee
Chairman
Committee
Member
Total

20

Total

80

The researcher was able to totally enumerate the 20 officers of STMC.

On the other hand, the total number of members of the said cooperative is
equal to 1,600.

The proponent was able to select 80 from its members

comprising 5% of their total number. The simple random sampling technique

was utilized in choosing the sample members.

Research Instrument

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA
ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

The researcher used formulated instrument which was based in the

Social Audit Manual created by the Cooperative Development Authority
(CDA). The questionnaire was modified to properly align the practices
emplaced in Sulong sa Tagumpay Multi-purpose Cooperative (STMC).

Validation of the Instrument

The researcher formulated an initial survey questionnaire and
presented it to her adviser for comments and modifications.
The researcher also presented the questionnaire to at least three (3)
research experts for their criticism and constructive advice.
The suggestions and recommendations made by researchers adviser
and the research experts were collated after which the researcher modified
the questionnaire and prepared the final survey form.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the research title was approved the researcher writes a letter to
the management of the cooperative, requesting to conduct a survey.
Together with the letter are the lists of questionnaire. After securing the
necessary permissions needed to conduct the survey, the researcher
personally approached the respondents during their break time to
personally administer the study.

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA
ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

After answering the questionnaires; the researcher studied the data

and tabulated the result for easy interpretation and analysis.

Statistical Treatments
The following are the statistical treatments applied in the study:
1. The frequency distributions were used in presenting the profile of
the respondents. The percent formula is
%

frequency
x 100 %
total frequency

2. Concerning the observance of code of social responsibility and the

promotion of STMC stakeholders welfare, the five-point Likert Scale and the
simple mean were used. The formula for the mean is given as
n

xi
i 1

n
n

where X =simple mean,

xi
i 1

= sum of all values of variable x, and n =

number of respondents. Furthermore, interpretations for computed means

are adopted from the following:
On observance of CSR at STMC:
Arbitrary Scale Interpretation
4.25 5.00

Extremely Observed

3.45 4.24

Highly Observed

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA
ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

2.65 3.44

Observed

1.85 2.64

Moderately Observed

1.00 1.84

Not Observed

On the promotion of STMC stakeholders welfare:

Arbitrary Scale Interpretation
4.25 5.00

Extremely Promoted

3.45 4.24

Highly Promoted

2.65 3.44

Promoted

1.85 2.64

Moderately Promoted

1.00 1.84

Not Promoted

3. To be able to conduct a comparative analysis of the observance of

CSR at STMC as assessed by its officers and members, the study used the
Mann-Whitney U test. The formula applied is given as
n1 n1 1
- R1
2
n n 1
U2 n1 n2 2 2
- R2
2
U1 n1 n2

Checking for Accuracy : U1 U2 n1 n2

wher e U2 and U2 are Mann - Whitney test statistics
R 1 and R 1 are sums of ranks
n1 and n1 are sample sizes
Convention : The lower U value between U2 and U2 is considered
the final Mann - Whitney test statistic value

In deciding on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis using the

probability (@ = 0.05), the following rules were applied:

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA
ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

a. If the computed value of U has a probability of less than ,

then the null hypothesis H0 is rejected.
b. If the computed value of U has a probability of equal to or
greater than , then the null hypothesis H0 is accepted.

4. The correlation between observance of code of social responsibility

and promotion of STMC stakeholders welfare was established using the
Goodman and Kruskals Gamma Correlation. The said correlation was used
since the data involved are ordinal variables of more than 30 sample size.
The formula is given as:

xr - xl
xr xl
where

x r number of pairs observed

in parallel direction
x l number of pairs observed
in opposite direction

To give interpretation to computed gamma correlation coefficient, the

following guide is adopted:

Coefficient

Interpretation

1.00

Perfect Positive/Negative Correlation

0.75 - 0.99

Very High Positive/Negative Correlation

0.50 - 0.74

High Positive/Negative Correlation

0.25 - 0.49

Small Positive/Negative Correlation

0.01 - 0.24

Very Small Positive/Negative Correlation

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA
ALVA CENTER ROSAL ST. BRGY. UNO, CROSSING CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA
Contact No.: 0922-821-6938/0939-904-3185/0917-527-5465 Tel. No: (049) 508-1963/
(02)420-8209

0.00

No Correlation

In deciding on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis using the

probability (@ = 0.05), the following rules were applied:
a.

If gamma coefficient has a probability of less than , then the

null hypothesis H0 is rejected.

b.

If gamma coefficient has a probability of equal to or greater

than , then the null hypothesis H0 is accepted.

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