Professional Documents
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ANTACIDS
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alkaline bases that neutralizes excess hydrochloric acid which causes pain and ulceration
to inactivate the proteolytic enzyme, pepsin
SODIUM BICARBONATE
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Amphogel
treatment of hyperchlorhydria, peptic ulcer and intestinal toxemia
Physical Forms:
1. Suspension - Aluminum Hydroxide Gel white viscous suspension, pH 5.5-8.0
- includes sweetening agents, aromatics and preservatives
2. Powder - Dried Aluminum Hydroxide Gel amorphous powder, made into tablet
advantage of the gel is its large surface area and thus, great adsorption
but loses its antacid properties upon aging
causes constipation, nausea and vomiting
Calcium-Containing Antacids
- causes constipation
Precipitated Chalk
microcrystalline powder, fast action
causes flatulence and constipation[Ca+2]
found in combination with Magnesium antacids
Lozenges and Oral Suspension
+ +
*hyperacidity
*flatulence
Magnesium-Containing Antacids
- antacid property depends on the anion/basic property
- Mg ion causes it to be laxative
o combination with Al and Ca antacids to equalize constipative and laxative action
antacid property are due to hydroxide and carbonate ions reacting with the gastric HCl
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
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MAGNESIUM OXIDE
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Magnesia
laxative and diuretic
o Light Variety occupies 40-50mL
o Heavy Variety occupies 10-20mL
arsenic antidote
prepared by adding Magnesia to water (1:20)
White Bismuth
hygroscopic powder, acidic with litmus paper
assayed in terms of bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3)
incompatible with tragacanth (precipitates as a hard mass)
o remedy is the addition of sodium biphosphate or trisodium phosphate
USES
- non-irritant intestinal antiseptic
- lessens gastric secretions, and reduces acidity
- remedy against diarrhea
MILK OF BISMUTH
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KAOLIN
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ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
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SALINE CATHARTICS
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purgatives
agents that quicken and increase evacuation from the bowels
o Laxatives mild cathartics
slightly deliquescent
acidic to litmus, effervesces with sodium carbonate
URINARY ACIDIFIER
o in case of cystitis, with hexamethylenetramine* (Methenamine)
decomposes into formaldehyde in the presence of acids
CATHARTIC
Preparation
1. Magnesite (MgCO3) with hot dilute sulfuric acid
2. Kierserite (MgSO4H2O) in water, heating then, crystallization
3. Dolomite(MgCO3 CaCO3) heating by calcinations, treating with HCl
dissolved in sulfuric acid, boiled and filtered
MAGNESIUM CITRATE
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Purgative Lemonade
MgCO3 + citric acid
sodium or potassium bicarbonate reacting with citric acid producing a lemon-flavored solution
must be sterilized or pasteurized