_1: ...

that outstanding mathematician Grigori Perelman was offered a Fields Medal in

2006, in part for his proof of the Poincar conjecture, which he declined?

_2: ...that a regular heptagon is the regular polygon with the fewest number of sides
which is notconstructible with a compass and straightedge?

_3: ...that the Gudermannian function relates the regular trigonometric functions and
the hyperbolic trigonometric functions without the use of complex numbers?

_4: ...that the Catalan numbers solve a number of problems in combinatorics such as the
number of ways to completely parenthesize an algebraic expression with n+1 factors?

_5: ...that a ball can be cut up and reassembled into two balls the same size as the
original (Banach-Tarski paradox)?

_6: ...that it is impossible to devise a single formula involving only polynomials and
radicals for solving an arbitrary quintic equation?

_7: ...that Euler found 59 more amicable numbers while for 2000 years, only 3 pairs had
been found before him?

_8: ...that you cannot knot strings in 4-dimensions? You can, however, knot 2dimensional surfaceslike spheres.

_9: ...that there are 6 unsolved mathematics problems whose solutions will earn you one
million US dollars each?

_10: ...that there are different sizes of infinite sets in set theory? More precisely, not all
infinitecardinal numbers are equal?

_11: ...that every natural number can be written as the sum of four squares?

_12: ...that the largest known prime number is over 17 million digits long?

_13: ...that the set of rational numbers is equal in size to the subset of integers; that is,
they can be put in one-to-one correspondence?

_14: ...that there are precisely six convex regular polytopes in four dimensions? These
are analogs of the five Platonic solids known to the ancient Greeks.

_15: ...that it is unknown whether and e are algebraically independent?

_16: ...that a nonconvex polygon with three convex vertices is called a pseudotriangle?

_17: ...that it is possible for a three dimensional figure to have a finite volume but
infinite surface area? An example of this is Gabriel's Horn.

_18: ... that as the dimension of a hypersphere tends to infinity, its "volume" (content)
tends to 0?

_19: ...that the primality of a number can be determined using only a single division
using Wilson's Theorem?

_20: ...that the line separating the numerator and denominator of a fraction is called
a solidus if written as a diagonal line or a vinculum if written as a horizontal line?

_21: ...that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite
amount of time will almost surely type the complete works of William Shakespeare?

_22: ... that there are 115,200 solutions to the mnage problem of permuting six
female-male couples at a twelve-person table so that men and women alternate and are
seated away from their partners?

_23: ... that mathematician Paul Erds called the Hadwiger conjecture, a still-open
generalization of the four-color problem, "one of the deepest unsolved problems in graph
theory"?

_24: ...that the six permutations of the vector (1,2,3) form a regular hexagon in 3d space,
the 24 permutations of (1,2,3,4) form a truncated octahedron in four dimensions, and both
are examples of permutohedra?

_25: ...that Ostomachion is a mathematical treatise attributed to Archimedes on a 14piece tiling puzzle similar to tangram?

_26: ...that some functions can be written as an infinite sum of trigonometric

polynomials and that this sum is called the Fourier series of that function?

_27: ...that the identity elements for arithmetic operations make use of the only
two whole numbersthat are neither composites nor prime numbers, 0 and 1?

_28: ...that as of April 2010 only 35 even numbers have been found that are not the sum
of two primes which are each in a Twin Primes pair? ref

_29: ...the Piphilology record (memorizing digits of Pi) is in excess of 67000 as of Apr
2010?

_30: ...with a Perrin number denoted P(i), i=1,2,3..., when i is prime then P(i) is
composite, being divisible by i?

_31: ...that Auction theory was successfully used in 1994 to sell FCC airwave spectrum,
in a financial application of game theory?

_32: ...properties of Pascal's triangle have application in many fields

of mathematics includingcombinatorics, algebra, calculus and geometry?

_33: ...work in artificial intelligence makes use of Swarm intelligence, which has
foundations in the behavorial examples found in nature of ants, birds, bees, and fish among
others?

_34: ...that statistical properties dictated by Benford's Law are used in auditing of
financial accounts as one means of detecting fraud?

_35: ...that Modular arithmetic has application in at least ten different fields of study,
including the arts, computer science, and chemistry in addition to mathematics?

_36: ... that according to Kawasaki's theorem, an origami crease pattern with
one vertex may befolded flat if and only if the sum of every other angle between consecutive
creases is 180?

_37: ... that, in the Rule 90 cellular automaton, any finite pattern eventually fills the whole
array of cells with copies of itself?

_38: ... that, while the criss-cross algorithm visits all eight corners of the KleeMinty
cube when started at a worst corner, it visits only three more corners on average when
started at a random corner?

_39: ...that in senary, all prime numbers other than 2 and 3 end in 1 or a 5?

_40: ... if the integer n is prime, then the nth Perrin number is divisible by n?

_41: ...that it is impossible to trisect a general angle using only a ruler and a compass?

_42: ...that in a group of 23 people, there is a more than 50% chance that two
people share a birthday?

_43: ...that statistical properties dictated by Benford's Law are used in auditing of
financial accounts as one means of detecting fraud?

_44: ...the hyperbolic trigonometric functions of the natural logarithm can be represented
by rationalalgebraic fractions?

_45: ... that economists blame market failures on non-convexity?

_46: ... that, according to the pizza theorem, a circular pizza that is sliced off-center into
eight equal-angled wedges can still be divided equally between two people?

_47: ... that the clique problem of programming a computer to

find complete subgraphs in anundirected graph was first studied as a way to find groups of
people who all know each other in social networks?

_48: ... that the Herschel graph is the smallest possible polyhedral graph that does not
have aHamiltonian cycle?

_49: ... that the Life without Death cellular automaton, a mathematical model of pattern
formation, is a variant of Conway's Game of Life in which cells, once brought to life, never
die?

_50: ... that one can list every positive rational number without repetition by breadth-first
traversal of the CalkinWilf tree?

_51: ... that the Hadwiger conjecture implies that the external surface of any threedimensionalconvex body can be illuminated by only eight light sources, but the
best proven bound is that 16 lights are sufficient?

_52: ... that an equitable coloring of a graph, in which the numbers of vertices of each
color are as nearly equal as possible, may require far more colors than a graph
coloring without this constraint?

_53: ... that no matter how biased a coin one uses, flipping a coin to determine whether
each edgeis present or absent in a countably infinite graph will always produce the same
graph, the Rado graph?

_54: ...that it is possible to stack identical dominoes off the edge of a table to create an
arbitrarily large overhang?

_55: ...that in Floyd's algorithm for cycle detection, the tortoise and hare move at very
different speeds, but always finish at the same spot?

_56: ...that in graph theory, a pseudoforest can contain trees and pseudotrees, but
cannot contain any butterflies, diamonds, handcuffs, or bicycles?

_57: ...that it is not possible to configure two mutually inscribed quadrilaterals in

the Euclidean plane, but the MbiusKantor graph describes a solution in the complex
projective plane?

_58: ...that the six permutations of the vector (1,2,3) form a hexagon in 3d space, the 24
permutations of (1,2,3,4) form a truncated octahedron in four dimensions, and both are
examples of permutohedra?

_59: ...that the Rule 184 cellular automaton can simultaneously model the behavior of
cars moving in traffic, the accumulation of particles on a surface, and particleantiparticle annihilation reactions?

_60: ...that a cyclic cellular automaton is a system of simple mathematical rules that can
generate complex patterns mixing random chaos, blocks of color, and spirals?

_61: ...that a nonconvex polygon with three convex vertices is called a pseudotriangle?

_62: ...that the axiom of choice is logically independent of the other axioms of Zermelo
Fraenkel set theory?

_63: ...that the Pythagorean Theorem generalizes to any three similar shapes on the
three sides of a right-angled triangle?

_64: ...that the orthocenter, circumcenter, centroid and the centre of the nine-point
circle all line on one line, the Euler line?

_65: ...that an arbitrary quadrilateral will tessellate?

_66: ...that it has not been proven whether or not every even integer greater than two
can be expressed as the sum of two primes?

_67: ...that the sum of the first n odd numbers divided by the sum of the next n odd
numbers is always equal to one third?

_68: ...that i to the power of i, where i is the square root of -1, is a real number?

_69: ...that 9814072356 is the largest square number using each of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0 exactly once?

_70: ...there are (19) consecutive prime numbers ending in the digit 1, starting from
253931039382791?

_71: ...that the Electronic Frontier Foundation funds awards for the discovery of prime
numbersbeyond certain sizes?

_72: ...an infinite, nonrepeating decimal can be represented using only the number 1
usingcontinued fractions?