‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪http://www.gisclub.net/vb/showthread.php?t=3513‬‬

‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻻﻴﺭﺩﺍﺱ )ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ( ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻭ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺌﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺸﻌﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ERDAS IMAGINE‬‬

‫‪-:Erdas imagine‬‬
‫‪Start‬‬ ‫‪program‬‬ ‫‪Erdas imagine 8.4‬‬
‫‪-:‬‬

‫‪ERDAS IMAGINE 8.4‬‬

‫‪Session‬‬ ‫‪Main‬‬ ‫‪Tool‬‬ ‫‪Utility‬‬ ‫‪Help‬‬

‫‪-:‬‬ ‫‪viewer‬‬

‫‪Tools bar:-‬‬

‫‪Open close‬‬ ‫‪data‬‬ ‫‪save‬‬ ‫‪print‬‬ ‫‪remove‬‬ ‫‪zoom in‬‬

‫‪Zoom out unzoom tools‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪١‬‬
 ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪File Edit‬‬ ‫‪Help‬‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻡ‬

‫‪Set unit‬‬
‫‪Length‬‬

‫‪Areo‬‬

‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪Lat-lon‬‬ ‫‪lat‬‬ ‫‪lon‬‬

‫‪Projection: utm‬‬

‫‪Sphraid: helmet‬‬

‫‪Date:‬‬ ‫‪old Egyptian 1907‬‬

‫*ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‪-:‬‬

‫@ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪open‬‬ ‫‪raster layer‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫‪Select layer to add‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪Raster option‬‬
‫‪OK‬‬

‫‪Look in‬‬
‫‪Reset‬‬

‫‪Cancel‬‬

‫@ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪Utility: -‬‬

‫‪1-Inquire cursor‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ‪2-Inquire box‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ‪ Lat-Lon‬ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﺭﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻁ ﻁﻭل ﻭ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻨﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪Apply‬‬
‫‪3-Inquire color‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻟﻭﻥ ‪ box‬ﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬
‫‪4-Measure‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬
‫‪View (from menu bar): -‬‬
‫ﻹﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺼﻭﺭ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ‪1-Arrange layer‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪New‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪Vector layer‬‬

‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫‪OK‬‬
‫‪Double‬‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬
‫‪Single‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻀﻐﻁ ‪ Apply‬ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪.Windows‬‬

‫‪Vector‬‬
‫‪Klon‬‬

‫‪Apply‬‬

‫*ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤل ‪ over lap‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ‪link‬‬

‫ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪ overlap‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻅﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫‪1-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪Select to picture 1 Ok‬‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫‪2-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪Select to picture 2‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬

‫‪3-Select on raster option‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬

‫‪File Raster option‬‬

‫‪4-Select on clear display‬‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻴل ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺠﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻀﻐﻁ ‪ok‬‬

‫‪Clear display‬‬

‫‪OK‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎ ﻓﺄﺨﺫ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ‪5-‬‬
‫‪6-‬‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ‪top‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍل‬
‫‪7-‬‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫‪Delete layer‬‬ ‫‪Apply‬‬
‫‪8-‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺜﻡ‬
‫‪File New‬‬ ‫‪Vector layer Give the new file name Ok‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪Arrang layer‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬

‫‪Apply‬‬

‫*ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍل ‪vector‬‬

‫‪Vector‬‬ ‫‪Tools‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫*ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Utility‬‬ ‫)‪(from menu bar‬‬ ‫‪Swip‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Overtical‬‬ ‫‪horizontal‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ ‪.Overtical‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺃﺴﻴﺎ ‪.horizontal‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻡ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ‪.‬‬

‫*ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ‪-:‬‬

‫‪1-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪Select to picture 1‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺼﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺃﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻴﺴﺭ‬
‫‪2-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪Select to picture 2‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ﻭ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫‪3-Go to first picture and open this icon‬‬ ‫‪ view‬ﺜﻡ ‪from toolbar‬‬
‫‪link/unlink viewer‬‬ ‫‪Geography‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺫﻫﺏ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‪/‬ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫‪In the menu bar: -‬‬
‫‪View‬‬
‫‪1- View‬‬ ‫‪Scale‬‬ ‫‪Scale tool‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Scale‬‬
‫‪0000.000‬‬
‫‪Apply‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﻨﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺜﻡ‬
‫‪ Apply‬ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪2-View‬‬ ‫‪Rotate‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Rotation angle‬‬

‫‪Counter‬‬
‫‪Clock‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪North arrow‬‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬

‫‪View‬‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻌﺭﻑ ‪Scale bar‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻯ ﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫‪200‬‬

‫‪meter‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2500‬‬

‫‪The raster of tools: -‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺁل ‪ raster‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Raster (from of menu‬‬ ‫‪Tool‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Arrow‬‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬

‫‪Polygon‬‬

‫ﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺨﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ‪Line‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺸﻜل ﻟﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪Reshape‬‬

‫ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺨﻁ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ ‪Cut‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ‪Undo‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﻤل ﻨﺴﺦ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭ ‪Copy‬‬

‫‪Paste‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﻟﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ‪Smooth‬‬

‫ﻟﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺩﺓ ‪Sharp‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻠﺘﺭ ﻴﻁﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻠﺘﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻟﻪ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭ ﺘﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪attribute editor‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻭﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﻤﺜل ‪line‬‬

‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Color‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬

‫‪Forground‬‬ ‫‪ click‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل‬

‫‪Forground‬‬
‫‪Width‬‬ ‫‪Color‬‬

‫‪Background‬‬
‫‪Width‬‬ ‫‪Color‬‬

‫‪Apply‬‬

‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ‪.apply‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺴﻥ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Red‬‬
‫‪Layer1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Green‬‬
‫‪Layer2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Blue‬‬
‫‪Layer3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Apply‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍل ‪ layer‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﻻﻓﻀل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪histogram‬‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪histogram equel‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻲ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ )‪.(255-0‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻀﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻟﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺘﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﻤﻕ‬
‫ﻭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻟﺘﻐﻤﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪apply‬‬

‫‪Vector of tools: -‬‬

‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍل ‪vector‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪New‬‬ ‫‪Vector or layer‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪Point‬‬

‫‪Curser‬‬

‫‪Line‬‬

‫‪To choose any color to line‬‬

‫‪Select‬‬

‫‪Undo‬‬

‫‪Cut‬‬

‫‪Copy‬‬

‫‪Paste‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
 Reshape

*Anlayes of draing battern: -

format ‫ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺢ ﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺏ‬scane ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل‬-١

2-we choose the icon import from menu bar of erdas
imagen
‫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬import ‫ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ‬-٣
Import Export
type
Arc Inter change to cover
media
File

input output

.‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ ﻭ ﻋﻤل‬import ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬-١

.arc inter change to coverage ‫ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬type ‫ﻓﻲ‬-٢
.file ‫ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬media ‫ﻓﻲ‬-٣
-:‫*ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‬
1-Open the icon of viewer from menu bar
File New Vector We choose the image with transform
‫ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬Ok
2-Ok Double
3- ‫ ﻟﻸﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬digitize ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل‬

٩
‫‪4-Save‬‬
‫‪5-Close this picture‬‬
‫‪6-Open icon of vector from menu bar and choose first (clean)/‬‬
‫‪secand built‬‬
‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ‪ vector‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪.clean‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ‪First Clean‬‬
‫‪Ok Feature Line‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪Ok‬‬
‫) ‪( HHHH‬‬

‫‪Secand‬‬ ‫)‪(build‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ clean‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪Ok‬‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫‪Feature‬‬ ‫‪Line‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪(HHHH) %‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪OK‬‬

‫‪-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪Resert‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬ ‫ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ‪ vector‬ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪-Enable editing‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ‪ vector‬ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ Attribute‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪-Edit column attribute‬‬ ‫‪New‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ‪Column‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫‪-Title‬‬ ‫‪Order‬‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍل ‪Column‬‬
‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪-Type String‬‬
‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ‪-Width 12‬‬
‫*ﻋﻤل ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﻟﻜل ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫‪-Vector Tool‬‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ select‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻡ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫*ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ )‪ (order‬ﻨﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ formal‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﺭﻗﻡ ﻜل ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﺜﻡ ‪apply‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫*ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ vector‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪symbology‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ order‬ﻭ ﻀﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ‪ok‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻜل ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬
‫*ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺃﺒﺩﺍ ﺘﻠﻭﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ‪ other‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ‪.ok‬‬
‫*ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﺜل ‪.zeze.eys‬‬
‫*ﻟﻌﻤل ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﻜل ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜل ﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ‪ order‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ report‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺜﻡ ‪.ok‬‬
‫*ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﺴﻡ ‪.editor‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ symbology‬ﻭ ﻨﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻪ ﻟﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ‪ color‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ others‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺭ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ‪ width‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ‪.color‬‬

‫‪*from erdas imagen choose this icon‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﻜﻔﻼ ﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﻭ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ‪imagcinterpertir‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪Spatial erhorcement‬‬

‫ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ‬
‫‪Crisp‬‬ ‫‪Radiometric enhancamert‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬
‫‪texture‬‬ ‫‪Spectrial erharcememt‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬
‫‪Principat comp‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪Hyper spcel‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪indeces‬‬

‫*ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‬

‫‪spatial enhancement‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ crisp‬ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Input‬‬ ‫‪Output‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬

‫‪OK‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ ﻟﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻨﻘﺎﺌﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ‪ input‬ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻨﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ output‬ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻀﻐﻁ ‪.ok‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‪-:‬‬
‫‪Viewer‬‬ ‫‪From Erdase Imagen File Open Vector layer‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺼﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺃﻓﺘﺢ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ viewer‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺼﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪Resert‬‬
‫*ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻜل ﻓﻠﺘﺭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫‪Geometry correction point: -‬‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‪-:‬‬
‫‪1-From image to image‬‬
‫‪2-From keyboard‬‬
‫‪3-From image to image‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪ overlap‬ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫*ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺘﻴﻥ ﻭ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺠﻌل ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ‪ information‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬ ‫‪-١‬ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻨﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ‪ delete map model‬ﺜﻡ ‪ edit‬ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍل ‪ ERDAS‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻨﻔﺘﺢ ‪ raster‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪.Geometric Correction‬‬
‫‪.ok‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪location‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ close‬ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪.ok‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪Excting viewer‬‬
‫‪.ok‬‬ ‫‪-٦‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ‪ click‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫*ﻭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻨﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫*ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪.‬‬
‫*ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﻨﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ‪ (R.M.S) column‬ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ CLICK‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻫل ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻭ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻋﻥ ‪ pixel ٤-٣‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍل ‪ pixel‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﺭ‬
‫‪ 30+30 landsat‬ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ ﻋﻥ ‪ pixel ٤‬ﻓﺄﺼﺒﺢ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
‫‪2-keyboard:-‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍل ‪ keyboard‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪tool‬‬ ‫‪coordinate caulcation‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬ﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.ok‬‬
‫‪projection‬‬ ‫‪set input pixel unit‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪custom‬‬

‫*ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ click‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ custom‬ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻁ‪.‬‬

‫‪-Projection: lat/lon‬‬
‫‪-Sphroid:‬‬ ‫‪helemt‬‬
‫‪-Date:‬‬ ‫‪old Egyptian 1907‬‬

‫‪OK‬‬

‫‪-Projection‬‬ ‫‪set output‬‬ ‫‪ok‬‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ custom‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Projection‬‬ ‫‪utm‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻏﻴﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫‪Sphroid‬‬ ‫‪helmt‬‬
‫‪Date‬‬ ‫‪old Egyptian 1907‬‬
‫‪Zone‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪ok‬‬
‫*ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻜل ﺭﻜﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪scorcoll‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺭﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ( ‪-Raster‬‬ ‫‪Gometrac correction‬‬ ‫‪landsat‬‬
‫‪ok‬‬ ‫‪keyboard‬‬ ‫‪ok‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‪-:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل )‪ (copy‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻭل ‪ output‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ select‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (x/y‬ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ‪ copy‬ﺜﻡ ‪. paste‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫*ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‪/‬ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪1-choose this icon‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪2-edit‬‬ ‫‪change projection‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬
‫‪3-edit‬‬ ‫‪add change projection‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺜﻡ ‪. ok‬‬

‫‪Subset: -‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍل ‪ subset‬ﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻤل ‪ link‬ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫‪Viewer‬‬
‫‪1-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪2-From menu bar choose (AOI‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪tool‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻗﻁﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻥ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‪3- -:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫‪4-File Save‬‬ ‫‪AOI layer as‬‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ok‬‬
‫‪5-From “ERDAS IMAGIN” choose this icon‬‬

‫”‪“Image interpreter‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪utilities‬‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪subset‬‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Input‬‬ ‫‪Output‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺨل ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨل ﺃﻱ ﺍﺴﻡ‬

‫‪AOI‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ input‬ﺃﻀﻊ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ output‬ﺍﺩﺨل ﺃﻱ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ‪AOI‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪file‬‬

‫‪Onone‬‬ ‫‪File‬‬

‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﺩﺨل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ sayer‬ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻴﻅﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪-:‬‬

‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪OK‬‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍل ‪image‬‬

‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪From resert‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫‪ok‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﻗﻁﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﻁﻌﻪ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‪-:‬‬

‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫*ﻭ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‪-:‬‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ‪ link‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﻥ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‪-:‬‬

‫‪1-choose this icon‬‬ ‫‪from any picture‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﺫﻫﺏ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪2-view link/unlink‬‬ ‫‪geography‬‬
‫ﺃﻀﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺒﻬـﺫﺍ ﻴﺤـﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫‪ link‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪How to make mosic: -‬‬

‫‪1-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫‪ ok‬ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ‬

‫‪2-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ‪rasrer option‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪١٦‬‬
 ‫‪clear display‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬
‫‪background‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻀﻐﻁ ‪ok‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ‪4-View arrang layer‬‬ ‫‪apply‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﻁﻊ ﻭ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﻨﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪5-Raster‬‬ ‫‪pixel transparting‬‬ ‫‪ok‬‬
‫‪6-Raster‬‬ ‫‪contrast‬‬ ‫‪standerdevion‬‬
‫‪7-Apply‬‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺩﺨل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ arrange layer‬ﻭ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫‪8-Raster‬‬ ‫‪contrast‬‬ ‫‪standerdevion‬‬
‫‪9-Erdas‬‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻨﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪10-choose this icon‬‬ ‫”‪“dataproper‬‬ ‫‪dataproper‬‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪mosaic image‬‬

‫‪11-Edit‬‬ ‫‪addimage‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺜﻡ ‪ add‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ‪add‬‬
‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪motching options‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬

‫‪For all image‬‬

‫‪ok‬‬

‫‪Process‬‬ ‫‪runmosic‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺃﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻀﻐﻁ ‪) ok‬ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺎ(‬

‫‪١٧‬‬
‫‪AOI‬‬ ‫‪tool‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺃﺒﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺯﻴﻙ‬
‫‪Swip‬‬ ‫‪AOI layers‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﻗﻁﻌﻬﺎ‬

‫‪Unsupervised: -‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ‪ unsupervised‬ﻋﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ‪ unsuper‬ﻨﺄﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪ field‬ﻭ ﻨﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪From ERDAS choose this icon‬‬ ‫”‪“classficat‬‬

‫‪Classification‬‬ ‫‪unsupervised‬‬
‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫‪Input‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫‪Output‬‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪Number of class‬‬

‫‪OK‬‬

‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪raster option‬‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Raster option‬‬ ‫‪ok‬‬
‫‪Raster‬‬ ‫‪attribute‬‬ ‫‪color‬‬ ‫ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪apply‬‬ ‫‪ok‬‬

‫‪How to make signelure: -‬‬

‫‪1-File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪2-from menubar choose AOI‬‬
‫‪AOI‬‬ ‫‪tool‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪From ERDAS choose this icon‬‬ ‫”‪“classification‬‬

‫‪Classification‬‬ ‫‪signture editor‬‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪add‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬

‫‪Signture color‬‬
‫‪Class1 red‬‬
‫‪Class2 blue‬‬

‫*ﺃﺒﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍل ‪ class‬ﻭ ﻋﻤل ‪ link‬ﺜﻡ ‪ 0‬ﺜﻡ ‪ keyboard‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻴﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫*ﺍﺩﺨل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫*ﻤﻥ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ‪ signture editor‬ﺜﻡ ‪ edit‬ﺜﻡ ﻋﻤل ‪link‬‬
‫*ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍل ‪ class‬ﻭ ﺃﻟﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫*ﻋﻤل ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‪-:‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪save‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪ok‬‬ ‫‪close‬‬
‫*ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍل ‪ ERDAS‬ﻭ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪classification‬‬
‫‪classification‬‬ ‫‪supervised‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫‪Input raster file‬‬ ‫‪Output raster file‬‬

‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫‪Output classification file‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪OK‬‬

‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬
‫‪OK‬‬

‫*ﻨﺩﺨل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍل ‪ERADS‬‬

‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪Open‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪raster‬‬
‫‪Spatial modeler‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ‪spatial molder‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍل‬
‫‪. bands‬‬

‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪From ERDAS image choose this icon‬‬

‫‪Spatial enalap‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻼﺘﺭ‬

‫‪Spatial molder‬‬
‫‪Model‬‬
‫‪Model‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺘﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻜﻥ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Model maken‬‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫‪New model‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‬

‫*ﻜل ﺸﻜل ﻟﻪ ﻤﺩﻟﻭل ﻤﺜل ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬

‫‪input‬‬

‫‪output‬‬

‫*ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﻘل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤل ‪ double click‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻜل ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻜل ﺸﻜل ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Available input‬‬
‫= ‪X +‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪1234‬‬
‫‪56789‬‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
 RADAR

*From ERDAS choose this icon

Radar ‫ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬interperter ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
Edge enhmemol
-:‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
Input Output
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬

Filter

Direction

ok
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
Processing

% ١٠٠
ok

File Open ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ raster

.‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺘﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ‬

Marge

image interpreter ‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ‬

from ERDAS imagen choose this icon :-

Image interpreter spatial resolution merge
-:‫ﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬

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High resolution Multispectral Output
Input Input

*number of multispectral input layers:-

select layer:
layer ‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍل‬

ok

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