CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Related to this chapter, the researcher discusses about five topics related with the study.
The topics include background of the study, research questions, purpose of the study,
significance of the study.
1.1 The Background of the Study
As educators, we all know that English an international language that must be learned
and understood especially by the foreign students, so they try to master in English and try to
make English easy to learn. The reality of society in Indonesia especially to get English is lower.
The majority of Indonesia thinks that English is language that is studied to pass the final test of
study. Not only does they think that English is not important but also English is very difficult to
learn. It is caused by their opinion that English is something difficult and not important to learn.
Because of those, Government tries to increase the system of English education but it faces
many trouble things. They come from the system that the students happen and that have not
realized about the importance of English language because they think that English is language
that is screaming and difficult.
English is one of the lessons that are avoided by many learners because English can not
be studied instantly. It needs high concentration to master English education. The last exam of
nationality uses English also and it emphasizes in grammar, listening, reading, writing and
speaking to get the standard of passing the final test nationality. The learners think that Grammar
is very elaborate that others.
Grammar constitutes language element (language component) in which its implementation
shall integrate into 4 (four) skills that are Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing Skill. In
brief, learning can be integrated on listening, speaking, reading or writing even. If it is looked on
urgent, therefore grammar needs to be taught by communicating to props skill to get student
language. Grammar learning makes an abode to have ices fringe: Communicative approach,
Students Centered Learning, and integrated minimal covers 2 skill get language (Listening
speaking or Reading Writing, etc.). Therefore to prop learning success that gets text basis (Genre
Based Teaching and Learning) Grammar role is very important. Grammar is not necessarily
1

being taught specially but as auxiliary as to prop understanding the level of success and
production a text.
Grammar is one of the most important parts that we need to master when studying English.
Grammar is essentially about the systems and patterns we use to select and combine words. In
order to communicate we must share a common system, which is why people speaking different
languages cannot understand one another because they are using different systems. For those
who communicate through language, there must be common systems and grammar becomes one
of the essential systems. Grammar is the study and practice of the rules by which words change
their forms and are combined into sentences (Longman dictionary of contemporary English
1978.) By studying grammar, we come to recognize the structure and regularity which is the
foundation of language and we gain the tools to talk about our language system (Joyce,Helen.
1999:5).

The beginner English learners feel that English as something scarred that always makes
them confused how to go out from the problem so they use many ways to increase their ability in
English and to be easy to learn and understand the English.
Because of its belief, English is difficult to learn so the departments of the education or
many teachers make many ways to master it. They try to increase their ability by using the new
methods in English. The students are confused about English, especially to arrange the word by
word, phrase by phrase, clause by clause and sentence by sentence or we often call them
syntactical structure.
Recently, there are some techniques used in teaching grammar English, one of them is
EGRA (Experience, Generalization, Reinforcement, and Application). By using this technique,
the students are given opportunity to find out the form and function of the sentence by
themselves. Brown (1994:351) says that it is built more intrinsic motivation by allowing the
students to discover rules rather that being told them.
Every stage of EGRA has a particular objective. The objective of the experience
unconsciously learners to expose a particular structure item in use; the objective of
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generalization is that learners better remember conclusion about form and function, they make by
themselves; the objective of the reinforcement helps the learners to check or revise their
generalization; and the objective of the application uses or applies structure items learned in the
previous stage to communicate information or messages (Adrian, 1998)
To be more interesting, the teachers have to create many ways to explain the English
material so that it can be understood by the students. Especially in teaching grammar, the teacher
must create a way that can make the students interest to study English, grammar especially. So,
the teacher must be able to manage the situation in the classroom. A good class management will
create a good interaction in teaching and learning. Teacher should give motivation, interesting
material, understanding the student characteristics and appropriate method.
Based on the condition, the researcher gets that assumption learning Grammar shall get
character dribbles active studying student, creative, effective and agreeable. Grammar learning
emphasis should be optimally to involve the role of student too. This is following one of
alternative method Grammar's learning, EGRA (Exposure, Generalization, Reinforcement, and
Application). It is help the students learning English especially Grammar, because it offers
different way. It can be a very useful teaching method for the effective and joyful learning that
can give the positive effect on the students interest and motivation in studying English as well as
to increase their Grammar ability.
Based on the observation of the 7 grade

students of Nurul Islam

integrated islamic school Tengaran, the researcher found that ability of

students in Grammar was still low. We can see the mean score of the
students in grammar was categories as very poor level. For this reason the
researcher propose a research in grammar entitle The implementation of
applying

EGRA

(Exposure,

Generalization,

Reinforcement,

Application) method in enhanching students grammar skill related

to TENSES in 7 grade of Nurul Islam integrated islamic school
Tengaran.

1.2

Research questions
Based on the background of the study, the problem of this study is formulated as follows:
1. How is students Grammar Achievement before being taught by using EGRA?
2. How is the students Grammar Achievement after being taught by using EGRA?
3. Are there any significant different scores of the students grammar before and after being
taught by using EGRA?

1.3

The Purposes of the Study

Based on the research problem, the study is intended to:
1. To find out the students Grammar Achievement before being taught by using EGRA.
2. To find out the students Grammar Achievement after being taught by using EGRA.
3. To find out significant different scores of the students grammar before and after being
using EGRA.

1.4

The Significance of the Study

There are two kinds of significant of the study discussed in this research. The first is

theoretical benefit and the second is practical benefit. The theoretical benefit is the significant
of study based on the reference or the source of the book. The practical benefit is the significant
of the study based on the real subject.
1.4.1

Theoretical benefit of study

Theoretically, EGRA method is one of method that gives new motivation to the students

and gives good effect to the students. The students are more interested in teaching and learning
English and they are closer to the teacher and it is easier to them to get the science. Hugh c. Foot
and Rosalyn H. Shute (1990, 107).

1.4.2

Practical benefit of study

Practically, EGRA is an effective method because it can solve the students problem of

studying, especially in teaching and learning English grammar that happens in Nurul Islam
integrated islamic school.
The EGRA method is hoped that this study will give many contributions and the
researcher hopes the result of this study will be useful for and it will provide information

concerning the achievement of the students in English lesson and the researcher hopes that this
researcher will give the new method and give bravery to the new learner of English to love and
to study English.
The researcher hopes that result of the study will give contribution to:
1. The English Students
The students can improve their Grammar structure by using EGRA that is more affective,
interesting, and enjoyable for students. The researcher also hopes that it can make them easy to
understand and to master English and can lose the scaring lesson in our mind. So, it can give new
stimulus to love English and can make them realize that English is not difficult but easy.
2. The Teachers
The researcher hopes that the method of EGRA can give the additional method and new
method to increase the quality of education and the researcher hopes that it can increase the
quality of the teacher and can give mixed method next time.
3. For the readers
The researcher hopes that it can give new information that the method of studying or
teaching English is not monotonous. We can use many kinds of method to master in English.
4. The Writer
The writer can enrich her method of teaching Grammar structure because it will give some
knowledge about EGRA as the affective method. Therefore, the researcher knows the benefit of
teaching Grammar by using EGRA optimally, the researcher gets useful experiences in teaching
English Grammar by using EGRA.