Keo Report

IA/12-13/D/003/ST
Pre Contract Professional Consultancy Design Services

for AI Rayyan Road & AI Bustan Street South (P007)
AL RAYYAN ROAD
Al Rayyan Road
Junction R6 Road Tunnel

Tunnel Ventilation Control Philosophy
Prepared by:
Doc. No.: EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Rev. D02
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Notes Regarding This Document ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Related Documents ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Related Drawings .................................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 INCORPORATION INTO THE PMCS ............................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Proposed PMCS Arrangement ................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Quality of Service and Safety Integrity .................................................................................................... 5
3.0 TUNNEL VENTILATION CONTROL MODES AND REQUESTS ........................................................................ 5
3.1 Overview of the Control Modes .............................................................................................................. 5
4.0 TUNNEL VENTILATION FAN DEMANDS .................................................................................................... 11
4.1 Converting Selected Control Mode Requests into Fans Required ......................................................... 11
5.0 FAN STARTER CONTROL AND MONITORING ........................................................................................... 12
5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2 Fan matrix ............................................................................................................................................. 12
5.3 Fan Sequencing ..................................................................................................................................... 12
5.4 Fan Availability Checks .......................................................................................................................... 13
5.5 Fans Priority Calculation ...................................................................................................................... 14
5.6 Fan Direction ......................................................................................................................................... 18
5.7 Fan Exercising........................................................................................................................................ 18
5.8 Fan Motor Winding Temperature Monitoring. ..................................................................................... 18
5.9 Fan Bearing Temperature and Vibration Status ................................................................................... 18
6.0 AIR FLOW MONITORING ......................................................................................................................... 19
6.1 Internal Sensors..................................................................................................................................... 19
7.0 WEATHER STATIONS AND AMBIENT VISIBILITY. ...................................................................................... 19
7.1 Pollution Control Mode Interrupt .......................................................................................................... 19
8.0 LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................................... 19
8.1 Hierarchy of codes, standards and specifications ................................................................................. 19
Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Rev. D02
Page ii
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Notes Regarding This Document
This document describes the key requirements of the PMCS necessary for it to handle tunnel
ventilation monitoring and control, covering the following areas:
Plant interfaces
Arrangement of software process and data paths between PMCS equipment
1.2 Related Documents

Document Number
Title
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00209
Tunnel SCADA PMCS Control Concept
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00210
Tunnel TMC/TSS SCADA/PMCS Control Interface
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00211
Tunnel PMCS Smoke Control Panel Control Interface
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00212
Tunnel PMCS Plant I/O Control Interface List
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00213
Tunnel CCTV Camera Specification
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00214
Mechanical, Electrical and Systems General Specifications
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00215
Tunnel Pumped Drainage Installations
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00216
Tunnel Fire Safety Systems Specification
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00217
Tunnel Panels
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00218
Tunnel Cross Passage Doors
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00219
Tunnel Way Finding Signs
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00220
Tunnel Operational Control Concept
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221
Tunnel Ventilation Control Concept (This Document)
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00222
Junction R6 Road Tunnel Detailed Design M&E Systems
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00223
Contract 2 Underpasses Detailed Design M&E Systems
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00224
Not used
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00225
Underpass Pumped Drainage installations
1.3 Related Drawings

Drawing No.
EXW-P007-0201-JF-KEO-DG00100-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00106-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00106-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-
Title
RAYYAN ROAD KEY PLAN M&E LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 1)
RAYYAN ROAD FIRE SAFETY TYPICAL PLAN & SECTIONS (SHEET 1 OF 2)
RAYYAN ROAD FIRE SAFETY TYPICAL PLAN & SECTIONS (SHEET 2 OF 2)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1
LOCATION (SHEET 1 OF 8)

Rev. D02
FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES

Page 1 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Drawing No.
DG-00107-005
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-006
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-007
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00107-008
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00201-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00201-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00201-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00201-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-005
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-006
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00301-007
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00302-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00401-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00401-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00401-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00401-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00401-005
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00401-006
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00402-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00501-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00501-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00501-003
Title
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES
SECTION (SHEET 7 OF 8)
SECTION (SHEET 8 OF 8)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION 6 TUNNEL TU1 ILLUMINATED EMERGENCY WAY
FINDING SIGN LOCATIONS (SHEET 1 OF 4)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 EDP, EP, CCP & TULDB LOCATIONS
(SHEET 1 OF 7)
(SHEET 2 OF 7)
(SHEET 3 OF 7)
(SHEET 4 OF 7)
(SHEET 5 OF 7)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL- TYPICAL SINGLE EMERGENCY PANEL
ARRANGEMENT (WITHOUT HYDRANT) (SHEET 6 OF 7)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL- TYPICAL INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING
DISTRIBUTION PANEL (SHEET 7 OF 7)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL-TU1 EDP, EP &CCP GROUP
ARRANGEMENT (SHEET 1 OF 1)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 PA/VA SYSTEM LOCATIONS (SHEET 1
OF 6)
OF 6)
OF 6)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PA/VA SYSTEM LOCATIONS (SHEET 4
OF 6)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PA/VA SYSTEM LOCATIONS (SHEET 5
OF 6)
AL RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PA/VA CONFIGURATION (SHEET
6 OF 6)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 PA/VA SCHEMATIC SHEET (SHEET 1 OF
1)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 GENERAL FIRE DETECTION &
WARNING (SHEET 1 OF 4)`

Rev. D02
Page 2 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Drawing No.
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00501-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00601-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00601-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00601-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00601-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00701-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00701-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00701-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00701-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00702-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00800-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00801-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00801-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00801-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00801-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00801-005
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00802-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00802-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00802-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00802-004
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00802-005
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00803-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00901-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00902-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00902-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-
Title
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VENTILATION LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 4)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 LANE CONTROL SIGNS LOCATION
LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 4)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL PMCS/SCADA COMMUNICATION
NETWORK SHEET 1 OF 1
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 CCTV CAMERA SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1
OF 1)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 CCTV CAMERA LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL CCTV CAMERA SCHEMATIC (SHEET 2
OF 5)
OF 5)
OF 5)
OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL VAID SYSTEM SCHEMATIC (SHEET 2
OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL VAID CAMERA CONFIGURATION
(SHEET 3 OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA LAYOUT (SHEET 4 OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA CONFIGURATION
(SHEET 5 OF 5)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 TUNNEL TU1 VAID CAMERA SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
(SHEET 1 OF 1)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL ERT NETWORK (SHEET 1 OF 1)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL LHD DTS SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 2)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL LEAKY FEEDER (SHEET 2 OF 2)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (SHEET 1 OF 1)

Rev. D02
Page 3 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Drawing No.
DG-00903-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00904-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00904-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00905-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00906-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00906-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00906-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00907-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00908-001
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00908-002
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00908-003
EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEODG-00909-001
EXW-P007-0201-CD-KEO-DG00212-005
EXW-P007-0201-CD-KEO-DG00212-006
EXW-P007-0201-CD-KEO-DG00208-001
Title
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL LANE CONTROL SIGN SYSTEM
SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 2)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL DMS/LCS CONFIGURATION (SHEET 2
OF 2)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL IMPOUNDING SUMP VENTILATION
SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 1)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL SCP GA PANEL LAYOUT (SHEET 1 OF
3)
3)
3)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL TYPICAL SMOKE CONTROL PANEL
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - CROSS PASSAGE DOORS (SHEET 1
OF 3)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - TYPICAL CROSS CONNECTION
DOORS (SHEET 2 OF 3)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - DETAIL OF FIRE BRIGADE
CONNECTORS (SHEET 3 OF 3)
RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL - DETAIL OF FIRE BRIGADE
CONNECTORS (SHEET 3 OF 3)
Al RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL ATTENUATION TANK SECTIONAL
DETAIL (SHEET 5 OF 6)
Al RAYYAN ROAD JUNCTION R6 ROAD TUNNEL ATTENUATION TANK/PLANT
ROOM INSTALLATION SCHEMATIC (SHEET 6 OF 6)
Al RAYYAN ROAD UNDERPASS DRAINAGE CHANNEL DETAILS
2.0 Incorporation into the PMCS

2.1 Proposed PMCS Arrangement
The proposed PMCS arrangement that will be used to support all required monitoring and control
functions is described in document section 2, 3, 4 and 5. The following describes specific requirements
for tunnel ventilation monitoring and control.

Rev. D02
Page 4 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Procedures
TOA Authorized user
TMC Authorized User
Tunnel Subsystem
(TSS)
Dual Redundant
SCADA Servers
Manual Overrides and
Status Monitoring
Dual PLC
Processors
Dual PLC
Processors
Smoke Panel
Control Requests
and Plant Status
Control
and Status
Control and
Status
Dual
Redundant
Dual
Redundant
Dual
Redundant
Dual
Redundant
I/O Interfaces
I/O Interfaces
I/O Interfaces
I/O Interfaces
PMCS
NB Fan Starters,
Pollution Sensors
and VAID
NB Smoke
Control Panels
SB Smoke
Control Panels
SB Fan Starters,
Pollution Sensors
and VAID
Figure 1: Proposed Tunnel Ventilation Monitoring and Control Data Paths

2.2 Quality of Service and Safety Integrity
The PMCS will include functions to guarantee Quality of Service and Safety Integrity, as described in
this document section 5.
3.0 Tunnel Ventilation Control Modes and Requests

3.1 Overview of the Control Modes
The PMCS will support the following prioritised ventilation system control modes independently for
each bore. Any number of these control modes can be set active at any time for a given bore, but it is
the highest active priority mode that is used for the ventilation control of that bore:
Rev. D02
Page 5 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
The following modes are available:
1. Automatic Pollution Control (Lowest Priority - Normal Operating Mode). This is the default
control mode, and is always active.
2. Automatic Fire Shutdown from VAID
3. Manual Operator Override from Operator GUI at the TMC
4. Manual Operator Override from SCADA GUI at the TOA/Maintainers location.
5. Emergency Manual Operator Override from SCADA GUI at the TMC (Incident response plans
and appropriate manual inputs)
6. Emergency Manual Operator Override from Smoke Control Panels (SCP-Highest SCADA Priority
control mode)
7. The highest mode of operation (non-SCADA/PMCS operated) is at the local control panel, the
panel switched to local control.
The SCADA will display and record which control modes are active for each bore. This will give the
operators an idea of how the ventilation control will change when higher priority control modes are deactivated and lower priority control modes get selected as a result.
In the case of SCP control, there will be four physical control panels situated at the portals. Ventilation
control of a given tunnel bore will therefore be granted to SCPs on a first come-first served basis such
that, for a given bore, if one panel has control of a bore the other three will be locked out for the
duration of the control selection being active. The actual panel that is granted control will be displayed
and recorded by the SCADA when SCP control modes are active.
For each bore, the PMCS will examine the active control modes and select the highest priority mode as
the source for ventilation control. This will be displayed and recorded by the SCADA as the Overall
Ventilation Control Mode.
3.1.1 Overview of the Control Mode Requests
Each active control mode will have an associated control mode request, which will represent the level
of ventilation required by that mode in the range of 0 to 100%.
For each bore, the control mode request setting for the highest active priority control mode will be
selected for ventilation control of that bore.
For each bore, the SCADA will display and record the control mode requests assigned to each active
control mode, as well as the selected Overall Control Mode Request. This will inform the operators of
how the ventilation control will change when higher priority control modes are de-activated and lower
priority control modes get selected as a result:
Control mode
Automatic Pollution Control Mode Request:
Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode Request:
Manual Operator Override Request from TSS/TMC:
Manual Operator Override Request from SCADA/TOA:
Emergency Manual Override Request from TSS/TMC:
Rev. D02
Response
0-100%
0% (fixed)
0-100% in 25% steps
0-100% in 25% steps
Incident ventilation response plans and
Page 6 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Emergency Manual Operator Override Request from SCP:
appropriate manual inputs (see below)

0, 50% and 100%
3.1.2 Automatic Pollution Control Mode and Requests in Detail

For each bore, the PMCS will continually derive an Automatic Pollution Control Request based upon the
following conditions:
Carbon Monoxide (ppm)

Nitrogen Dioxide (ppm)
Visibility Dimming Co-efficient (m-1)
For each bore, these conditions will be monitored using three sets of CO, NO2 and Vis sensors, giving
nine separate control inputs into the Automatic Pollution Control Request algorithm. The following
level of detail will be displayed and reported at the SCADA for each sensor:
Sensor reading (in ppm for CO and NO2, and m-1 for VIS)
Sensor equipment fault (a failure report from the equipment)
I/O and communications fault (a failure to acquire the above information into the PMCS).
An average CO, NO2 and VIS reading for each bore will be calculated using available readings from the
sensors located throughout the bore. A sensor reading will be deemed available to this control mode as
long as:
The signal is in range

The sensor hardware is not reporting any faults
The PMCS I/O interfaces and communications responsible for transferring this data is fault free.
A password-authorised operator at the SCADA has not manually inhibited the sensor reading
from contributing to the control mode request. Manual sensor inhibits will be displayed and
recorded on the SCADA.
The average readings for each type of sensor (CO, NO2 and VIS) in a particular bore will default to zero
if there are no available associated source sensor readings in the bore. The average readings will be
displayed and recorded by the SCADA for each bore:
Average CO Reading (ppm)

Average CO Reading Not Available
Average NO2 Reading (ppm)
Average NO2 Reading Not Available
Average VIS Dimming Co-Efficient Reading (m-1)
Average VIS Dimming Co-Efficient Reading Not Available
The averaged CO, NO2 and VIS readings from above will be used to derive three related Sensor Control
Requests in the range 0 to 100% for each bore. They will also be displayed and recorded at the SCADA.

Rev. D02
Page 7 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Control Request
Output (%) per
sensor type
100
Pollution Level
Input per sensor
type
0
0
MIN
MAX
Figure 2: Relationship between Average Bore Sensor Readings and Sensor Control Requests
A password-authorized operator will be able to adjust the MIN and MAX settings from the SCADA to
assist the tuning of the system during the commissioning period and to cope with any future changes to
the defined limits set in BD78/99 etc. Such changes will be logged by the SCADA for auditing purposes.
POLUTION TYPE
CO (ppm)
NO2 (ppm)
-1
VIS (m )
MIN
10
0.6
0.003
MAX
50
3
0.009
Figure 3: Control Limits for the Three Types of Pollution Sensor

Finally, for each bore, the worst case sensor control request will be used as the Automatic Pollution
Control Mode Request. The SCADA will display and record which sensor control request is being used
as the source.
3.1.3 Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode and Requests in Detail
For each bore, the PMCS will activate an Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode in the event of there
being any active zoned fire alarms in the bore. The associated control mode request will be fixed at 0%,
with the intention of preventing fanning of a potential fire.
The PMCS will receive zoned fire alarms from the VAID. The exact number of zones has yet to be
defined, but in principle, any valid fire alarms in a particular bore will activate this control mode.
Incoming fire alarms will be deemed valid if:
The VAID is not reporting any faults for a given fire monitoring zone.
The PMCS I/O interfaces and communications responsible for transferring this data is fault free

Rev. D02
Page 8 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
The SCADA will display and record the status of all fire zones including the above mentioned equipment
and communication faults, as well as the combined alarm for each bore.
There is a requirement for detection from dual cameras (double knock) fire detection before an alarm
is raised and this control mode made active. This can either be carried out at the VAID or at the PMCS.
This will be resolved by conference between the PMCS and VAID suppliers.
Fire alarm resets will be a manual operator function carried out at the SCADA, VAID or a combination of
the two. This will be resolved by consultation between the PMCS and VAID suppliers.
The Automatic Fire Shutdown Control Mode will be de-activated when all related zoned fire alarms are
successfully reset.
3.1.4 Manual Operator Override from TSS/TMC in Detail
For each bore, the PMCS will accept manual operator override requests from the TMC. These requests
will be in steps of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%.
The control mode will remain active until the PMCS receives a mode reset command from the TMC.
It is assumed that the TMC will provide password protection against unauthorised usage.
The SCADA will also provide a password protected mode reset function in case it is not possible for the
TMC operator to issue a reset command, because of TMC communications link failures for instance.
This action will be recorded by the SCADA for auditing purposes.
3.1.5 Manual Operator Override from TOA/SCADA in Detail
For each bore, the PMCS will accept manual operator override requests from the SCADA. These
requests will be in steps of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%.
The control mode will remain active until the PMCS receives a mode reset command from the SCADA.
The above actions will require password authorisation.
3.1.6 Emergency Manual Operator Override from TSS/TMC in Detail
This mode allows TMC tunnel operators to select the most suitable tunnel ventilation setting for both
bores in the event of an incident.
The PMCS will be configured with a fixed table of scenarios vs. emergency manual SCADA ventilation
control mode requests for each bore. This scenario list and associated control mode requests has yet to
be determined.

Rev. D02
Page 9 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
3.1.7 Ventilation Incident response plans:
Incident detected in one bore, possible incident ventilation response plans:
No. Direction Traffic
Incident Bore
Non-incident bore
scenario
1. N/B
Normal
Implement
100% Implement pressurization of the bore with a flow
capacity in the matching the direction of the incident bore, i.e.
direction of traffic
two and four fans at the outermost fan banks
opposing each other.
2. S/B
Normal
Implement
100% Implement pressurization of the bore with a flow
capacity in the matching the direction of the incident bore, i.e.
two and four fans at the outermost fan banks
running against each other.
Incident detected in both bores, possible incident ventilation response plans:
No. Direction
Traffic
Incident Bore
Incident Bore
Scenario
3. N/B & S/B
Normal
Implement 100% capacity in the Implement 100% capacity in the
Contraflow implemented and incident detected in the contraflow bore.
No. Bore Traffic
Incident
Non-incident bore
Scenario
Bore
Manual
Not used for traffic, however implement pressurization of
4. N/B Contraflow
intervention the bore i.e. two fans at each the outermost fan banks
required.
5.
S/B
Contraflow
Manual
intervention
required.
Not used for traffic, however implement pressurization of

the bore i.e. two fans at each the outermost fan banks
The control mode will remain active until the PMCS receives a mode reset command from the SCADA.
The above actions will require password authorisation.
3.1.8 Emergency Manual Operator Override from SCP in Detail
For each bore, the PMCS will accept manual operator override requests from the four portal smoke
control panels. These requests will be 0%, 50% and 100%.
Before any ventilation control selections can be made, it is necessary for one of the four smoke control
panels to be granted control of the tunnel.
Specific details regarding the smoke control panels are given in a separate document item 6 since it is
an item that is common several other plant areas as well as tunnel ventilation.
The SCADA will provide password-authorised operators with an SCP control mode reset function in case
it is not possible for SCP operators to release control. This action will be recorded by the SCADA for
auditing purposes.

Rev. D02
Page 10 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
4.0 Tunnel Ventilation Fan Demands

4.1 Converting Selected Control Mode Requests into Fans Required
For each bore, the tunnel ventilation fan demands will be derived from the associated Overall Control
Mode Requests. These control mode requests, in the range 0-100% will be converted into a number of
fans required to run. The relationship will be as follows:
# Fans Required
To Run
Falling Input
24
18
Rising Input
12
25
50
75
100%
Selected Control
Mode Request
Input
Figure 4: Relationship between the Overall Control Mode Request and the Number of Fans Required To
Run
The relationship shows the required number of running fans increasing at fixed 25% intervals. The
relationship will include a falling input dead-band of 12.5% to allow the control request to vary around
a particular mean-point without causing continual changes to fan selection.
For each bore, the SCADA will display and log the number of fans required to run.

Rev. D02
Page 11 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
5.0 Fan Starter Control and Monitoring
5.1 General
Twenty-four (24) 100% truly reversible jet fans fixed speed fans, started through soft-starter
application, will be provided for each bore.
For each bore, it is intended that up to six of these fans can be running at any one time.
For each bore, the PMCS will take the above-calculated number of fans required and convert them into
individual fan starter control demands.
5.2 Fan matrix
Level
0
1
2
3
4
Bank 1
Fans 1 to 4
Off
Fan 1
Fan 2
Fan 3
Fan 4
Bank 2
Fans 1 to 4
Off
Fan 2
Fan 3
Fan 4
Fan 1
Bank 3
Fans 1 to 4
Off
Fan 3
Fan 4
Fan 1
Fan 2
Bank 4
Fans 1 to 4
Off
Fan 4
Fan 1
Fan 2
Fan 3
Bank 5
Fans 1 to 4
Off
Fan 1
Fan 2
Fan 3
Fan 4
Bank 6
Fans 1 to 4
Off
Fan 2
Fan 3
Fan 4
Fan 1
At the next fan start the fan number will increment with 1 in each location.
The PMCS will ensure that the correct number of fans are running. Any deviation between the Actual
Running and the Number Required will result in available fans being demanded to Run or Stop.
Fan starter control demands will be subject to the following:
Start-up sequence delay timing

Availability of the fans to PMCS remote control
The PMCS will self-diagnose the I/O and communications paths involved with acquiring fan starter
information into the PLCs so that non-trustworthy indications can be singled out from fan control and
reported to the SCADA.
5.3 Fan Sequencing
The PMCS will provide fan control demand sequencing so that:
Fan starts and stops are kept roughly equal

Only one level is allowed to start at any time. One level being 6 fans, one in each bank)
The sequencer will be cyclic, working from level 0 to level 4, and then back to 0, and so on.
When more fans are required to start, the sequencer will increment to the next non-active level and
selected fans that are available for remote control, and that will generate a Running control demand
for the fan. The sequencer will hold at this level and fans until it is reported to:
Have been running for a time period that covers the specified starter inrush.
Fans not being available to PMCS remote control.

Rev. D02
Page 12 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
This process will then repeat as more fans are required to run, until the actual running fans equals the
number required to run.
When more fans are required to stop, the sequencer will increment to the next running level and fans
that are available for remote control, and generate a Stop control demand for the fan. The sequencer
will hold at this fan until it is reported to:
Have stopped.
Fans not being available to PMCS remote control.
This process will then repeat as more fans are required to stop, until the actual running fans equals the
number required to run.
5.4 Fan Availability Checks
All fans will be checked for availability at all times, this will be carried out separately to the operation of
the sequencer. This information will be displayed and recorded at the SCADA, as well as fed back into
the sequencer so that non-available fans can be skipped. Fans will be reported unavailable if:
The starter hardware reports an unexpected fault. This will be displayed and reported at the
SCADA as an unexpected starter hardware fault, which at a fan hardware level must include for
power failures. The fault will remain until the starter clears the reported fault.
The starter is deliberately taken out of PMCS remote control by local start/stop controls, panel
isolation or emergency stop. This will be displayed and reported at the SCADA as a deliberate
action preventing remote fan control. The indication will remain until the starter is returned to
remote control.
There is an instrumentation fault on the I/O and communications paths between the starter
and the PLC. Untrustworthy fan starter information will be displayed and recorded at the
SCADA.
The fan, which is otherwise healthy and allowed remote control, persistently fails to respond
correctly to the stop or run control demand. Any persistent differences will be latched and
reported to the SCADA as a Fan Control Failure. The PMCS will also highlight any defects with
the control demand circuit.
Control demands for fans deemed un-available will always be driven into the Stop state. This will
prevent fans from unexpectedly restarting at some point in the future when the fan starter hardware
recovers from a fault, or is placed back into remote control; the sequencer will first need to cycle back
round to the fans in question in order for them to restart. This mechanism will also remove all fan
running control demands if the ac supply to all fans is lost, so that the fans do not all restart at the
same time when the power is restored.
With fans being unavailable, it is possible for more fans to be required, than are available. In this
situation, the sequencer will continually scan for fans until they become available to start or stop. The
PMCS will detect when multiple cycles have been made, but without achieving the required number of
fans running, so that an overall Required Ventilation Not Achieved alarm can be displayed and reported
at the SCADA.
Rev. D02
Page 13 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
5.5 Fans Priority Calculation
After checking Availability of the fan; the priority shall be checked as well; this is to maintain
equal usability of all fans
The calculated fan priority determined by the working \ operation time and the maintenance \
off time as follows:
o
Register Calendar day and time stamp [Fan Maintenance\off Time].
Register Calendar day and time stamp [Fan operation \on Time].
Counting the number of Fan-OFF [Days\Months]
Counting the number of Fan-On [Days\Months]
Calculate fan usability =|Fans-on time fans off time|.
Calculate the usability rate [monthly\quarter year\yearly].
Set the fan priority [1 to 4] in which 1 represents the lower usability and 4 represents
the highest usability.
RE- order fans sequence as per the new priority settings
Start selected Fan accordingly.
The following flow chart indicates the sequence control of the previous process:

Rev. D02
Page 14 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Carbon Monoxide
(ppm)
PID
Controller
Nitrogen Dioxide
(ppm)
PV
Visibility Dimming
Co-efficient (m-1)
0-100%
Master Group
Control Demand
Co
SP
Set how many

numbers of Fans
required
Set fan sequence\ Level Selection
Fans Priority Calculation sub-routine
See next page for continuation.

Rev. D02
Page 15 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Check Fan
availability
NO
YES
Register Calendar day and time stamp
[Fan Maintenance\off Time]
Set ascending on
Counter [Minutes]
Register Calendar day and time stamp

[Fan operation \on Time]
[Fan Working -on Time]
Set ascending on
Counter [Minutes]
Calculate number of
Fan-OFF [Days]
Calculate number of
Fan-On [Days]
Calculate number of
Fan-OFF [Months]
Calculate number of FanOn [Months]

Rev. D02
Page 16 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Calculate fan usability rate

[monthly\quarter year\yearly]
Set the fan priority

[1 to 4]
RE- order fans sequence
Check Two
consecutive
sequences
similarity
NO
4
YES
Start selected Fan
END

Rev. D02
Page 17 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
5.6 Fan Direction
Under normal circumstances the directional control of the fans will be in the direction of the traffic in
each bore.
Only under contraflow conditions will the fans be reversed, the SCADA system will be set to contraflow
and the PMCS will allow for the reversal of the fans according to the set plan. (Local control only)
5.7 Fan Exercising
To ensure that the fans are exercised on a regular basis, a timer will be set within the PMCS system for
each fan, and should a fan have been un-operational for a week then 10 minutes run duration will be
set. The timing of the exercising shall be adjusted to coincide with the manufacturers
recommendations.
5.8 Fan Motor Winding Temperature Monitoring.
All fan motors are fitted with winding temperature detection via a thermistor circuit, hardwired into
the soft starter control circuit. The cause for such a condition would normally be insufficient cooling,
due to insufficient airflow or an insulating residue being deposited on the motor casing from the
pollution contents within the airstream. This hardwired solution will disengage or trip the motor
instantly and make the fan unit unavailable to the PMCS. An alarm will be raised for maintenance
intervention.
If Automatic Control is selected on fan starter panel, then in the event of a detected incident the
thermistor circuit will be inhibited and the fan will run to destruction to support the incident ventilation
demand.
5.9 Fan Bearing Temperature and Vibration Status
Additional bearing temperature and vibration status signals will be monitored by the PMCS for each
fan. These signals will give an analogue profile for SCADA display and recording only:
Sensor analogue reading

The analogue sensor readings will be compared against trip set-points for the purpose of generating
High Temperature and Vibration Warnings if the readings are persistently higher than the set-point.
These warnings will also be displayed and recorded at the SCADA. These set-points will be fixed in the
PMCS in accordance with the fan manufacturers specification.
These readings and alarms are for indication only, and will have no bearing on the fan availability
checks described previously.

Rev. D02
Page 18 of 19
TUNNEL VENTILATION
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
6.0 Air Flow Monitoring

6.1 Internal Sensors
The PMCS will receive external wind speed and direction readings, for displaying and recording at the
SCADA.
Internal tunnel readings from the air quality equipment taken from approx. 50m from the exit portals
and the tunnel midpoint will also be displayed and recorded by the PMCS/SCADA for the purpose of
evaluating the effectiveness of the fans against different external ambient conditions.
These readings from each sensor will be for indication only, and will include the following elements:
Sensor analogue reading

7.0 Weather Stations and Ambient Visibility.

7.1 Pollution Control Mode Interrupt
The PMCS will receive data from two weather stations located above the two portals; these data will
include VIS readings for external conditions. Should the external conditions deteriorate to such an
extent that VIS (m-1) data for ambient conditions are higher than the maximum allowable or compared
with the control band for the PMCS control strategy, then the ventilation control scheme for the
pollution control mode shall be kept static, while any higher active priority mode will override this
condition.
8.0 Legislation and Standards

Applicable standards for these installations are outlined below:
8.1 Hierarchy of codes, standards and specifications
1. National legislation, codes and statutes
2. Regional legislation, codes and statutes
3. This document
4. UK Highways Agency BD78/99 and NFPA 502
5. UK Highways Agency Series 7000 specifications
6. PIARC Road Tunnel Manual
7. Ashghal ITS Specifications
8. Federal Highway Administration (System Engineering Handbook for ITS Systems)
9. QCS Specifications 2010
10. Other relevant international standards and codes.

Rev. D02
Page 19 of 19

Keo Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Keo Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IA/12-13/D/003/ST

Pre Contract Professional Consultancy Design Services

Junction R6 Road Tunnel

Doc. No.: EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

1.2 Related Documents

Tunnel SCADA PMCS Control Concept

Tunnel TMC/TSS SCADA/PMCS Control Interface

Tunnel PMCS Smoke Control Panel Control Interface

Tunnel PMCS Plant I/O Control Interface List

Tunnel CCTV Camera Specification

Mechanical, Electrical and Systems General Specifications

Tunnel Pumped Drainage Installations

Tunnel Fire Safety Systems Specification

Tunnel Cross Passage Doors

Tunnel Way Finding Signs

Tunnel Operational Control Concept

Tunnel Ventilation Control Concept (This Document)

Junction R6 Road Tunnel Detailed Design M&E Systems

Contract 2 Underpasses Detailed Design M&E Systems

Underpass Pumped Drainage installations

1.3 Related Drawings

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

FIRE MAIN, HYDRANTS & VALVES

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

2.0 Incorporation into the PMCS

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

TOA Authorized user

TMC Authorized User

Figure 1: Proposed Tunnel Ventilation Monitoring and Control Data Paths

3.0 Tunnel Ventilation Control Modes and Requests

Emergency Manual Operator Override Request from SCP:

appropriate manual inputs (see below)

3.1.2 Automatic Pollution Control Mode and Requests in Detail

Carbon Monoxide (ppm)

The signal is in range

Average CO Reading (ppm)

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Figure 3: Control Limits for the Three Types of Pollution Sensor

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Not used for traffic, however implement pressurization of

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

4.0 Tunnel Ventilation Fan Demands

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Start-up sequence delay timing

Fan starts and stops are kept roughly equal

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Register Calendar day and time stamp [Fan Maintenance\off Time].

Counting the number of Fan-OFF [Days\Months]

Counting the number of Fan-On [Days\Months]

Calculate fan usability =|Fans-on time fans off time|.

Calculate the usability rate [monthly\quarter year\yearly].

RE- order fans sequence as per the new priority settings

Start selected Fan accordingly.

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221

Set how many

Fans Priority Calculation sub-routine

See next page for continuation.

Register Calendar day and time stamp

Calculate number of FanOn [Months]

Doc. No. EXW-P007-0201-MC-KEO-RP-00221