Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mtodos
iteracivos para
E.D.O de V.I
Mtodo de
Euler
Mtodo de
Euler
modificado
Mtodo de
Taylor
Mtodo de
Runge.Kutta
de cuarto
orden
Mtodo
predictorcorrector
f ( x )=sin ( x )
en
x 1=
h=0.01
'
La frmula para derivacin numrica es: f ( x 1 )=
f ( x 1+ h ) f ( x 1 )
h
As:
'
0.01
f ( x )=x
'
f ( 4 )=
en
0.01
x 1=4
0.01
h=0.001
2 xx+1 dx
0
Solucin:
-
Veamos
b
f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1 )+ 2 f ( x 2) + +2 f ( x n1 ) +f ( x n ) ]
f ( x ) dx= ba
2n [
a
Reemplazando
1
[ f ( 0 ) +2 f ( 0,25 ) +2 f ( 0,5 ) +2 f ( 0,75 ) + f (1 ) ]
2 xx+1 dx = 10
2( 4)
0
1
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
0+ 2
+2
+2
+
8
2 ( 0,25 )+ 1 2 ( 0,5 ) +1
2 ( 0,75 ) +1 2 (1 )+1
1
1 1 3 1
0+ + + +
8
3 2 5 3
1 53
53
=
=0,221
8 30 240
[
[ ]
f ( x 0 ) +3 f ( x 1 ) +3 f ( x 2 ) +2 f ( x 3 ) ++2 f ( x n2 ) + 4 f ( x n1 ) +f ( x n ) ]
f ( x ) dx= ba
3n [
a
Reemplazando
1
2 xx+1 dx = 10
[ f ( x 0 ) +4 f ( x 1 ) +2 f ( x 2) + 4 f ( x3 ) + f ( x n ) ]
3( 4)
0
1
[ f ( 0 ) +4 f ( 0,25 ) +2 f ( 0,5)+ 4 f ( 0,75 )+ f ( 1 ) ]
12
1
1
3 1
0+ 4 +2 + 4 +
6
4
10 3
1
[ ]
12
[ ]
1 27
9
= =0,225
12 10 40
Regla Simpson 3/8
Veamos
2 xx+1 dx =
0
3( 10)
f ( x ) + 3 f ( x 1) + 3 f ( x 2 )+ 2 f ( x3 ) + f ( x n ) ]
8(4 ) [ 0
3
[ f ( 0 ) +3 f ( 0,25 )+3 f (0,5)+2 f ( 0,75 ) + f ( 1 ) ]
32
1
1
3 1
0+3 + 3 + 2 +
6
4
10 3
3 [ ]
32
[ ]
3 131 131
=
=0,205
32 60
640
El valor real de esa integral es 0,225; luego podra decirse que los tres
mtodos son aproximados al valor real pero en este caso el mejor mtodo
el que ms se aproxima es la Regla Simpson 1/3.
3 x e x dx
0
[f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1 ) +2 f ( x 2 )+ +2 f ( x n1 ) +f ( x n ) ]
f ( x ) dx ba
2n
a
f ( x ) dx h3 [ f ( x 0 ) +4 f ( x 1 ) +2 f ( x 2 )+ 4 f ( x 3 )+ 2 f ( x 4 ) ++ f ( x n ) ]
a
h=
ba
n
h=
40
=1
4
f ( x ) dx= 38h
a
h=
con
ba 4
=
3
3
4
8
x 0=0, x1 = , x 2= , x 3=4
3
3
x e dx= 12
24
0
3
0 e +3
( ) ( )
3
4 4 /3
e +3
3
8 3 ( 3 4) 1
159.06
e + 4 e = [ 0+12.526415+59.8727837+86.6691608 ] =
3
2
e x dx
0
Solucin:
Para n=1
Usamos la frmula del trapecio, esto es;
b
f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1 )+ 2 f ( x 2) + +2 f ( x n1 ) +f ( x n ) ]
f ( x ) dx= ba
2n [
a
1
I 1 = e x dx =
0
10
f ( x 0) + f ( x 1 ) ]
2(1) [
1
[ f ( 0) + f ( 1) ]
2
1 ( 0 ) ( 1)
[ e +e ]
2
2
1
[ 1+ e ]
2
1,86
Para n=3
ba 10 1
x=
=
=
n
3
3
Usamos la frmula del trapecio, esto es;
b
f ( x ) dx= ba
[ f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1 )+ 2 f ( x 2) + +2 f ( x n1 ) +f ( x n ) ]
2n
a
I 2 = e x dx =
0
10
[ f ( x 0 )+ 2 f ( x1 ) + 2 f ( x2 ) + f ( x 3) ]
2(3)
1
[ f ( 0 )+2 f ( 1/3 ) +2 f ( 2/ 3 )+ f ( 1 ) ]
6
1 (0 )
[ e +2 e (1 /3) +2 e (2/ 3) +e (1) ]
6
2
1
1+ 2 e 9 +2 e 9 +e
6
1,512
Para n=6
ba 10 1
x=
=
=
n
6
6
Usamos la frmula del trapecio, esto es;
b
f ( x ) dx= ba
[ f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1 )+ 2 f ( x 2) + +2 f ( x n1 ) +f ( x n ) ]
2n
a
I 3 = e x dx=
0
10
[ f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1) + 2 f ( x2 ) +2 f ( x 3 ) +2 f ( x 4 ) +2 f ( x 5 )+ f (x 6 )]
2(6)
1
[ f ( 0 )+2 f ( 1/6 )+ 2 f (1 /3 )+ 2 f ( 1 /2 ) +2 f ( 2/ 3 ) +2 f ( 5 /6 )+ f ( 1 ) ]
6
1 (0 )
[ e +2 e (1 /6 ) +2 e (1/ 3) +2 e( 1/ 2) + 2 e(2 /3 ) +2 e (5 /6 ) + e( 1) ]
6
2
25
1
1+ 2 e 36 +2 e 9 +2 e 4 +2 e 9 + 2 e 36 +e
6
1,475
NIVEL
I
NIVEL
II
NIVEL
III
I1
4
1
I 4= I 2 I 1
3
3
I2
16
1
I 5 I 4
15
15
4
1
I 5 = I 3 I 2
3
3
I3
NIVEL
I
1,86
NIVEL
II
4
1
I 4= ( 1,512 ) ( 1,86 )=1,396
3
3
NIVEL
III
16
1
( 1,4626 ) ( 1,396 )=1,46704
15
15
1,512
1,475
4
1
I 5 = ( 1,475 ) ( 1,512 )=1,4626
3
3
e x ln ( x ) dx
1
h
[ f ( a ) +f ( b ) ]
2
n1
Cuando
n=2,3, ,
h
[ f ( a ) +2 f ( a+ jh ) + f ( b ) ]
2
j=1
h=
Segmentos: 1, , , 1/8.
Cuando h=1 n=1
I1 =
1 1
1
e ln ( 1 )+ e 2 ln ( 2 ) ]= [ 0+5.121703 ] =2.560851
[
2
2
( ))
1+
1 1
1
1
2
I 2 = e ln ( 1 ) +2 e 2 ln 1+
+e ln ( 2 ) = [ 0+ 3.634337+5.121703 ] =2.189010
4
2
4
1 +3
( 14 )
1
1
1+2( ) + 2= [ 0+1.557695+3.634337+6.440733+5.121703 ] =2.0943085
4
8
2
e1 ln ( 1 ) +2 e
1+
1
4
( 14 ))+
ln 1+
1
I3 =
8
13
15
5
11
3
13
7
15
1
+ 2 e 8 ln
+2 e 2 ln
+2 e 8 ln
+ 2e 4 ln
+2 e 8 ln
+e 2 ln ( 2 )= [ 0+ 0.725594+1.557695+
4
8
2
8
4
8
16
()
( )
()
( )
()
( )
e 1 ln ( 1 ) +2 e 8 ln
I 4=
( 98 )+2
16
Nivel 1
Nivel 2
Nivel 3
I 1 =2.560851
I 5 =2.065063
I 8 =2.0625862
I 2 =2.189010
I 6 =2.062741
I 9=2.0625852
I 3 =2.0943085
I 7 =2.062595
Nivel 4
I =2.062585184
I 4=2.070524
4
1
I 2 I 1=2.065063
3
3
4
1
I 3 I 2=2.062741
3
3
4
1
I 4 I 3=2.062595
3
3
16
1
I I =2.0625862
15 6 15 5
16
1
I 7 I 6 =2.0625852
15
15
64
1
I I =2.062585184
63 9 63 8
y 1=1+0.1
x 2=2.1+0.1=2.2
u2=1.22+0.1 ( 2 ( 2.1 )+ 1.223 ) =1.462
y 2=1.22+0.1
x 3=2.2+0.1=2.3
u3=1.4841+0.1 ( 2 ( 2.2 )+ 1.48413 ) =1.77251
y 3=1.4841+0.1
x 4=2.3+ 0.1=2.4
u4 =1.797+0.1 ( 2 ( 2.3 ) +1.7973 )=2.1367
y 4 =1.797+0.1
x 5=2.4+ 0.1=2.5
u5=2.1637+ 0.1 ( 2 ( 2.4 )+ 2.16373 )=2.56
y 5=2.1637+ 0.1
x 6=2.5+0.1=2.6
u6=2.59+ 0.1 ( 2 ( 2.5 ) +2.593 )=3.5
y 6=2.59+ 0.1
x 7=2.6+0.1=2.7
u7=3.1+ 0.1 ( 2 ( 2.6 ) +3.13 )=3.63
y 7=3.1+0.1
x 8=2.7+0.1=2.8
u8=3.66+ 0.1 ( 2 ( 2.7 )+ 3.663 ) =4.26
y 8=3.66+ 0.1
x 9=2.8+0.1=2.9
u9=4.3+0.1 ( 2 ( 2.8 ) +4.33 )=5
y 9=4.3+0.1
x 10 =2.9+0.1=3
u10=5.035+0.1 ( 2 ( 2.9 ) +5.0353 )=5.8185
y 10=5.035+0.1
y ( 0.5 )
1
Para esta iteracin
k 2=f ( x 0 +h , y 0+ h k 1 )=f ( 0+0.25, 1+0.25 ( 0 ) )=f ( 0.25,1 )=0.5
h
0.25
17
y 1= y ( 0.25 )= y 0 + ( k 1 +k 2 ) =1+
( 0+0.5 )= =1.0625
2
2
16
17
=0.53125
32
9. Hallar la solucin aproximada que proporciona el Mtodo de AdamsBashorth de segundo, tercer y cuarto orden para la ecuacin: h=0.1, x en
[1,2]
y'=
42 x
2
y
y (1 ) =1
-
Segundo orden
f 0=
42 ( 1 )
1
=2
x 1=1.1
y 1=1+0.1
f 1=
42 ( 1 )
=1.2
12
42 ( 1.1 )
2
1.2
=1.25
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 )2 ) =1.3
2
x 4=0.4
y 4 =1.3+
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 )2 ) =1.3875
2
x 5=0.5
y 5=1.3875+
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 )2 )=1.475
2
x 6=0.6
y 6=1.475+
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 ) 2 )=1.5625
2
x 7=0.7
y 7=1.5625+
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 ) 2 )=1.65
2
x 8=0.8
y 8=1.65+
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 ) 2 )=1.7375
2
x 9=0.9
y 9=1.7375+
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 ) 2 )=1.825
2
x 10 =1
y 10=1.825+
-
0.1
( 3 ( 1.25 )2 ) =1.9
2
Tercer orden
x 2=1.2
y 2=1.2+0.1
f 2=
42 ( 1.1 )
=1.325
(1.2)2
42 ( 1.2 )
=0.911
1.325 2
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 ) 16 ( 1.25 )+ 5 ( 2 ) ] =1.416275
12
x 4=1.4
y 4 =1.416275+
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 )16 ( 1.25 ) +5 ( 2 ) ] =1.50755
12
x 5=1.5
y 5=1. 50755+
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 )16 ( 1.25 ) +5 ( 2 ) ]=1.5 98825
12
x 6=1.6
y 6=1.5 98825+
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 )16 ( 1.25 ) +5 ( 2 ) ] =1.6901
12
x 7=1.7
y 7=1. 6901+
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 )16 ( 1.25 ) +5 ( 2 ) ] =1. 781375
12
x 8=1.8
y 8=1.781375+
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 ) 16 ( 1.25 )+ 5 (2 ) ]=1.87265
12
x 9=1.9
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911 ) 16 (1.25 )+5 ( 2 ) ] =1.963925
12
y 9=1. 87265+
x 10 =2
y 10=1.963925+
0.1
[ 23 ( 0.911)16 ( 1.25 )+5 ( 2 ) ]=2.0552
12
Cuarto orden
x 3=1.3
y 3=1.325+0.1
f 3=
42 ( 1.3 )
1.42
42 ( 1.2 )
=1.42
(1.325)2
=0.695
y 4 =1.42+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 ) 59 ( 0.911 ) +37 ( 1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ]=1.473
24
x 5=0.5
y 5=1.473+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 )59 ( 0.911 )+ 37 (1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ] =1.526
24
x 6=0.6
y 6=1.526+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 ) 59 ( 0.911 ) +37 ( 1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ] =1.58
24
x 7=0.7
y 7=1.58+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 )59 ( 0.911 )+ 37 ( 1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ] =1.633
24
x 8=0.8
y 8=1.633+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 )59 ( 0.911 )+ 37 (1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ] =1.686
24
x 9=0.9
y 9=1.686+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 ) 59 ( 0.911 ) +37 ( 1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ] =1.74
24
x 10 =1
y 10=1.74+
0.1
[ 55 ( 0.695 ) 59 ( 0.911 ) +37 ( 1.25 )9 ( 2 ) ]=1.793
24