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ASHRAE TC 2.6
Mufflers
nAbsorptive Silencers
nReactive/Absorptive Mufflers
nTail Pipe Design
nTuned Resonators
nProject Examples
The above are the subjects that we will discuss.
Some data will also be presented from field tests:
One an example of a project failure and the other a
big success.
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Performance Characteristics
n
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
120
115
110
8000
4000
2000
1000
100
500
105
250
125
125
130
63
50%
75%
100%
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
120
115
110
105
8000
4000
2000
1000
500
100
250
125
125
Unsilenced engine
exhaust noise is
broad-band with
highest levels at low
frequencies
130
63
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
90 Hz
(1xEFR)
180 Hz
(2xEFR)
120
270 Hz
(3xEFR)
110
100
90
80
2548
2024
1608
1277
1015
806
640
508
404
321
255
202
161
128
101
81
64
51
40
32
70
25
30 Hz
(2xCFR)
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Reactive Mufflers
n
2, 3 or 4-chamber
designs
All metal construction
with no sound
absorptive materials
Maximize ratio of body
diameter to pipe
diameter & volume
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Industrial/Commercial: IL = 15 to 25 dBA
Body/Pipe = 2 to 2.5 Length/Pipe = 5 to 6.5
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Reactive/Absorptive Silencers
n
These devices
contain fiberglass
shielded from the
exhaust stream by
perforated sheet
metal
Provides broad-band
noise control
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Super Critical
30
Critical
25
20
Residential
15
Industrial
10
Absorptive
5
8000
4000
2000
1000
500
250
125
0
63
Reactive mufflers
work best at 125 Hz
and 250 Hz
(IL is reduced at
high frequencies by
self-noise)
Absorptive mufflers
work best at 1000
Hz and 2000 Hz
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
8000
4000
2000
1000
500
DIL = 18 dBA
250
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
125
63
Full Load
Spec
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Tail Pipe
L
Muffler
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Tail Pipe
fn is resonance
L
frequency of pipe
n = 1, 2, 3,
Muffler
c is speed of sound
L is length of pipe (ft)
resonance occurs if L = n/2
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Tuned Resonators
n
Resonators can be
used to remove
tones from the
exhaust spectrum
Sketch shows a
side branch
resonator tuned to
1/4 wavelength ()
/4
L
Muffler
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
/4
Wavelength, = c/f
Speed of Sound, c
Frequency, f (Hz)
TR = 460 + Ta( F)
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Trombone Resonator
(Herschel-Quincke Tube)
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
n
n
n
n
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Trombone Resonator
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
These are views of building exterior showing the ground
level radiator outlet with the exhaust outlet above.
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
4000
1000
DIL = 48 dBA
250
Exhaust system
achieved 48 dBA
insertion loss (based
on factory unsilenced
data)
Performance was
limited by self-noise
at mid-frequencies
67 dBA at 1 meter
63
Primary
Pri + Sec
ASHRAE TC 2.6
ASHRAE TC 2.6
90
15 Hz
(CFR)
30 Hz (2xCFR)
120 Hz
(8xCFR)
45 Hz (3xCFR)
80
60 Hz
(4xCFR
)
70
180 Hz (12xCFR)
270 Hz (18xCFR)
390 Hz
(26xCFR)
60
50
90 Hz
(6xCFR)
1015
806
640
508
404
321
161
128
101
81
64
51
40
32
25
20
16
13
255
240 Hz (EFR)
30
202
40
10
ASHRAE TC 2.6
Summary
n
Summary
n