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Network Capacity
Planning
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Foreword
WCDMA is a self-interference system
WCDMA system capacity is closely related to coverage
WCDMA network capacity has the soft capacity feature
The capacity planning of the WCDMA network is performed
under certain traffic models
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Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Grasp the parameters of 3G traffic model
Understand the factors that restrict the WCDMA network
capacity
Understand the methods and procedures of estimating multiservice capacity
Understand the key technologies for enhancing network
capacity
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Contents
1. Traffic Model
2. Uplink capacity analysis
3. Downlink capacity analysis
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
5. Network estimation procedure
6. Capacity enhancement technologies
Page4
Contents
1. Traffic Model
1.1 Overview of traffic model
1.2 CS traffic model
1.3 PS traffic model
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Service Overview
The WCDMA system supports multiple services
Variable-rate services (e.g. AMR voice)
Combined services (e.g. CS & PS)
High-speed data packet services (384k service)
Asymmetrical services (e.g. stream service )
Large-capacity and flexible service bearing
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QoS Type
Real-time category
Conversational
Voice service,
videophone
Streaming
Interactive
Background
Streaming
multimedia
Web page
browse,
network game
Background
download of
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Traffic Model
Traffic model is a means of researching the capacity
features of each service type and the QoS expected by the
users who are using the service from perspective of data
transmission
In the data application, the user behaviour research mainly
forecasts the service types available from the 3G, the
number of users of each service type, frequency of using
the service, and the distribution of users in different regions
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Service Pattern
Traffic Model
Results
User behaviour
System Configuration
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Contents
1. Traffic Model
1.1 Overview of traffic model
1.2 CS traffic model
1.3 PS traffic model
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CS Traffic Model
Voice service is a typical CS services. Voice data arrival
conforms to the Poisson distribution. Its time interval
conforms to the exponent distribution
Key parameters of the model
Penetration rate
BHCA Mean busy-hour call attempts
Mean call duration (s)
Activation factor
Mean rate of service (kbps)
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Contents
1. Traffic Model
1.1 Overview of traffic model
1.2 CS traffic model
1.3 PS traffic model
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PS Traffic Model
The most frequently used model is the packet service
session process model described in ETSI UMTS30.03
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PS Traffic Model
Session
Packet Call
Packet Call
Downloading
Active
Downloading
Dormant
Dormant
Active
Packet Call
Data Burst
Data Burst
Data Burst
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Parameter Determining
The basic parameters in the traffic model are determined in
the following ways:
Obtain numerous basic parameter sample data from the
existing network
Obtain the probability distribution of the parameters through
processing of the sample data
Take the distribution most proximate to the standard probability
as the corresponding parameter distribution through
comparison with the standard distribution function
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BLER
In the PS service, when calculating the data transmission time,
the retransmission caused by erroneous blocks should be
considered. Suppose the data volume of service source is N,
the air interface block error rate is BLER, the total required
data volume to be transmitted via the air interface is:
N + N * BLER + N * BLER 2 + N * BLER 3 +
+ N * BLER n =
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1
*N
1 BLER
Penetration Rate
BHSA
User behaviour
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BHSA
The times of single-user busy hour sessions of this service
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1
SessionTra fficVolume * 8 / 1000
*
BLER
TypicalRat e
e = ( PackketCal
+ DataTransm
issionTime
lNum / Session
1) * Re adingTime
(s)
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ActiveFact
or =
DataTransm
issionTime
HoldingTim
e
roughput
/ use
= BHSA * SessionTra
fficVolume
* 8 / 1000
( PercentageOfDiffrentUser PenetratingRate
BusyHourThroughputUnderTypicalApplicationEviroment
)
TypicalBearedRate 3600 ActiveFactor
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Contents
1. Traffic Model
2. Uplink capacity analysis
3. Downlink capacity analysis
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
5. Network estimation procedure
6. Capacity enhancement technologies
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Basic Principles
In the WCDMA system, all the cells share the same frequency,
which is beneficial to improve the system capacity. However, cofrequency multiplexing causes interference between users. This
multi-access interference restricts the capacity
The radio system capacity is decided by uplink and downlink.
When planning the capacity, we must analyze from both uplink
and downlink perspectives
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23
J /K
Page28
Pj
I TOT
(Eb / No ) j
1
W 1
1+
(Eb / No ) j R j v j
Hence, Pj : I own =
Pj
I TOT
Pj
W 1
Rj vj
Pj
The interference from users of this cell is the sum of power of all the
users arriving at the receiver
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page29
I other
i=
I own
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N
1
Define
Then
Lj =
I TOT
1
W 1
1+
(Eb / No ) j R j v j
+ PN
1
1+
W 1
1
(Eb / No ) j R j v j
I TOT = I TOT (1 + i )
N
1
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L j + PN
1
1 (1 + i )
Lj
Suppose that:
All the users are 12.2 kbps voice
users, the demodulation threshold
Eb/No = 5dB
Voice activation factor vj = 0.67
Adjacent cell
interference factor
i = 0.55
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page32
UL
= (1 + i )
L j = (1 + i )
N
1
I TOT
1
1
W 1
1+
(EbvsNo) j R j v j
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Contents
1. Traffic Model
2. Uplink capacity analysis
3. Downlink capacity analysis
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
5. Network estimation procedure
6. Capacity enhancement technologies
Page37
Page38
23
J /K
10lg(KTW) = -108dBm/3.84MHz
NF = 7dB UE typical value
Page39
( I own ) j = (1
PT
PL j
PT = PCCH +
Pj
1
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page40
(I other ) j = PT
K
1
1
PLk , j
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PT
+ PT
PL j
K
1
1
+ PN
PLk , j
Pj
PL j W 1
(EbvsNo ) j =
(ITOT ) j R j v j
Then
Pj = (EbvsNo ) j
Rj
W
v j (I TOT ) j PL j
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PT = PCCH +
Pj
Then
PT = PCCH +
(EbvsNo ) j
= PCCH +
(EbvsNo ) j
= PCCH +
N
1
(EbvsNo ) j
Rj
W
Rj
W
Rj
W
v j (I TOT ) j PL j
v j PL j
vj
(1
(1
j
)P
PT
+ PT
PL j
+ PT
K
1
PL j
PLk , j
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1
+ PN
PLk , j
+ PN PL j
PCCH + PN
(EbvsNo ) j
PT =
1
N
1
(1
Rj
W
+ i j ) (EbvsNo ) j
v j PL j
Rj
W
vj
ij =
PL j
PLk , j
Page44
DL
N
1
(1
+ i j ) (EbvsNo ) j
Rj
W
vj
When the downlink load factor is 100%, the transmitting power of the BTS is
infinite, and the corresponding capacity is called threshold capacity.
As different from the theoretic calculation of uplink capacity, a j and i j in
the downlink capacity formula are variable related to user position. Namely,
the downlink capacity is related to the spatial distribution of the users, and
can only be determined through system simulation.
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Contents
1. Traffic Model
2. Uplink capacity analysis
3. Downlink capacity analysis
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
5. Network estimation procedure
6. Capacity enhancement technologies
Page48
Contents
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
4.1 Network capacity restriction factors
4.2 Typical capacity design methods
Page49
Page50
PT = PCCH +
Pj
1
The transmit power is allocated
by the cell
to each user varies with service
demodulation threshold, propagation path
loss and the interference received by the
user
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C4,0
C2,0
1 1
C1,0
1 1 1 1
C4,1
1 1 -1 -1
C4,2
C2,1
1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
C4,3
1 -1 -1 1
SF = 1
SF = 2
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SF = 4
16
32
64
128
0
256
512
C( 256, 0) : PCPI CH 2
C( 256, 1) : PCCPCH 3
C( 256, 2) : AI CH 6
C( 256, 3) : PI CH 10
C( 64, 1) : SCCPCH 8
C( 64, 2) : SCCPCH 9
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SF=128
CS64kbps
SF=32
PS64kbps
SF=32
PS144kbps
SF=16
PS384kbps
SF=8
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CS64kbps
CS144kbps
CS384kbps
16
PS64kbps
PS144kbps
PS384kbps
16
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Contents
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
4.1 Network capacity restriction factors
4.2 Typical capacity design methods
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Post Erlang-B
By summing up the capacities
required for different services,
we obtain the capacities
required for the combined
services
No consideration of the
resource efficiency of different
services
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Page64
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c =
Here:
(C
Capacity
ai)
OfferedTra
ffic =
Erlangs
ai
Erlangs
ai
Page66
v=
Erlangs a i = 12 12 + 6 3 2 = 66
Erlangsai =112+ 36 = 30
c=
66
30
= 2.2
Page67
30
OfferedTraffic = =
= 13.63
c 2.2
Page68
Equivalent Erlangs
Calculated according to benchmark of service 1 (1 unit
resource/connection, 12Erl), a total of 39 unit resources are required
Calculated according to benchmark of service 2 (3 unit
resources/connection, 6Erl), a total of 51 unit resources are required
Campbells Theorem
In the same conditions, 47~49 unit resources are required in total.
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Page70
Contents
1. Traffic Model
2. Uplink capacity analysis
3. Downlink capacity analysis
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
5. Network estimation procedure
6. Capacity enhancement technologies
Page71
Assumption of cell
load and carrier
number
Cell
radius
Cell
area
Comparedimension
Yes
No
Service message
Adjustment of cell
load and carrier
number
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over
Contents
1. Traffic Model
2. Uplink capacity analysis
3. Downlink capacity analysis
4. Multi-service capacity estimation
5. Network estimation procedure
6. Capacity enhancement technologies
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Sectorization
In the dense urban areas and the normal urban areas with high
traffic, increasing sectors of the BTS is a method of improving the
capacity
6-sectors BTS generally use the antenna whose horizontal lobe is
33
The capacity of a 6-sector BTS is 1.67 times that of a 3-sector
BTS
The capacity of a 3-sector BTS is 2.77 times that of a omni- BTS
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Thank you
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