UMTS Call Drop Analysis

Content
Definition of Call Drop
Reasons of Call Drop
Analysis of Call Drop
Parameters of Call Drop
Case of Call Drop
Definition of Call Drop
Type of Call Drop Definition

Call termination not through the normal hang up process, that is dropped calls.

Tow types of call drop definition:

Definition of drive test indicators

Definition of network management indicators

Definition of Drive Test Indicators

The definition of drive test:

Call drop rate= Number of call drop times/Number of call setup success times

Number of call setup success times+1:After the Alerting message is received

Number of call drop times+1:(Air interface signaling at the UE side)

The Connect ACK message is not received but the System Information message is

o
received.
o
o

After the Connect ACK message is received, RRC Release message received and
the reasons is Not Normal.
After the Connect ACK message is received, any of the CC Disconnect, CC Release,
CC Release Complete message received and the reasons is Not Normal.

UE Voluntarily Initiated Signaling Release

Definitions of Network Management Indicators

Definitions of Network Management Indicators

Reasons of Call Drop

Call Drop Reasons

Poor Coverage

Un-configured Neighbor Cell

Handover

Interference

PSC Confliction

Engineering Error

Poor Coverage

The decision whether it is problem of uplink or downlink poor coverage is based on the
power of dedicated channel before call drop.
UL Poor Coverage:

TX power reaches the maximum

UL BLER is poor

NodeB report RL failure

DL Poor Coverage:

TX power reaches the maximum

DL BLER is poor

Scanner:
If the RSCP and Ec/Io of the cell with the best coverage are poor, you can infer that
the coverage is poor.

Unconfigured Neighboring Cell

Missed neighbor cell.

Removal of key neighbor cells caused by combination of macro diversity.

Untimely update of the external cell information.

Handover

The handover process is incomplete

Radio Environment becoming bad, UE can not receive the Active Set Update

Ping-pong Handover
In a short time, UE send different Report for delete or add cell A

Interference
Reasons for Pilot Pollution:

Cross-cell coverage of high Node-B

Node-B in ring layout

Signal distortion caused by street effect or strong reflection

Judgment of DL interference:

CPICH RSCP of the active set is large than -85dBm

Ec/Io is lower than -13dB

Reason of DL interference:

Pilot pollution

Unconfigured neighboring cell

Judgment of UL interference:

The average RTWP of an idle cell exceeds -100dBm

The max RTWP is around -90dBm

Reason of UL interference:

Intra-RAT interferences

Inter-RAT interferences.

Case-Interference

PSC Confliction

When analyzing such call drop, check Cell ID in the call drop signaling besides PSCs because the
neighbor relation is identified by Cell ID.
Cell A and Cell B are configured as neighbor cell for each other.

Cell C and Cell B are not configured as neighbor cells for each other.

Cell A and Cell C have the same PSC.

Engineering Error
Call drops caused by engineering error:

Reversely-connected antenna

An excessive VSWR

Multi-band antenna problem

Leakage of signals from indoor distribution system

Call drop caused by unsteady transmission

Analysis of Call Drop

Common Analysis Methods for Call Drop

Analyzing Call Drops by DT
Analyzing Call Drops by Traffic Statistics

Analyzing Call Drops by DT

Call drop data

Call drop spots

Stability of the primary serving cell

RSCP and Ec/Io of the primary serving cell

Reproducing of problems with DT

Analyzing Call Drops by Traffic Statistics

The commonly used KPI analysis method is the TOP cell method, which means the top cells
will be screened out according to certain index, then these top cells are optimized and then the top
cells are selected again. After several repetitions, the related KPI can be speedily converged.

Multi-Dimension Analysis
Multi-dimension analysis is carried out from different perspectives.
For the call drop problem, not only the call drop itself, but also related factors such as

access

handover

traffic statistics

time

RTWP

Accident Analysis
Check the equipment alarm and system log of this period to find out hardware problems;

Check the transmission of this period;

Check whether the upgrade or cell blocking is performed during this period;

Check whether there is an occasion with abrupt high traffic requirements such as a concert,
game, or exhibition.

Ranking Analysis
Ranking analysis
Ranking analysis is carried out through classifying data into top N and bottom N data
from a large amount of data.

Cause-and-Effect Analysis
For a certain effect, the cause-and-effect analysis is performed to locate the causes that may
result in the effect and to determine the influence of the causes.
For example, the call congestion of a cell may be caused by insufficient capacity of the
hardware, of the downlink, or of the uplink.

Parameters of Call Drop

Optimization Methods for Call Drop

Engineer optimization:
Directional angle, downtilt, position of Antenna, type of Antenna, Transmit power of
BS, position of BS, new BS.
Radio parameter optimization:
Time to Trigger, CIO, threshold of enabling/disabling Compression Mode, Maximum
transmit power of DL RL, Threshold of Inter-frequency and Inter-system.

Time To Trigger

Cell Individual Offset

Threshold of Enabling/Disabling Compression Mode

Maximum Downlink Transmit Power of Radio Link

Maximum Downlink Transmit Power of Radio Link

Threshold of Inter-system handover

Timer and Counter Related to Call Drop

Case of Call Drop

Neighboring Relation Adjustment

Reason
High call drop rate caused by improper neighbor list configuration
Description
The call drop rate of the TRI135W-1 cell corresponding to RNC1 in Libya is always
around 3%, and no hardware alarm is generated. The cell coverage is mainly on the sea.

Neighboring Relation Adjustment

After the neighbor relation is adjusted, the CS call drop rate of TRI135W-1 decreases from 3 to
1.3%.

Unconfigured Neighboring Cell

Unconfigured Neighboring Cell

Main parameters:
Cells in the system

Troubleshooting process:
The cell with SC 9 is in the detection set and cannot be added to the active set when
the quality of the serving cell with SC 74 is extremely poor. This is a typical unconfigured neighboring
cell.

Solution:
Adjust the neighbor relation: Add the cell with SC 9 to the neighbor list of the cell with

o
SC 74.

Result:
In the same test, the cell with SC 9 is in the active set of the serving cell with SC 74.
When the signal cell with SC 9 is strong enough, the UE hands over from the serving cell to the cell
with SC 9.

Soft Handover Parameter Optimization

Reason:
Low handover success rate because of improper soft handover parameter

o
configuration

Description:
The success rate of the handover from sector 1 (SC 436) of the Shuqian Lu site to
sector 2 (SC 434) of the Meihuacun hotel is low. This area is within the Shuqian Lu section.
Main parameters:
Soft handover 1a/1b event handover threshold, trigger time

Soft Handover Parameter Optimization

The signal quality of the Shuqian Lu section is poor and unstable because there are overpasses in
this section, Because the comparative threshold decision algorithm is used, a cell with poor signal
quality may be added to the active set if the 1a threshold is excessively high. If the RNC sends the
ActiveSet Update Command message to instruct the UE to enter this cell, the soft handover may fail
because the radio link cannot be set up due to poor and unstable signal quality of this cell.

Adjust the 1a/1b event handover threshold and trigger time of cell 436.

Lower the 1a event handover threshold and shorten the trigger time to ensure that the cells
with good signal quality can firstly enter the active set.

Raise the 1b event handover threshold and extend the trigger time so that the cells are not
deleted too early due to drastic signal deterioration.

o
o

Result
After the parameter optimization, cell 434 of the BS-1 (Meihuacun hotel site) can be
added to the active set quickly and is not deleted too early.
According to the drive test result from more than 100 times of handover tests, the
success rate of the handover between the BS-2 (Shuqian Lu site) and the BS-1 (Meihuacun hotel
site) increases greatly.

Data Configuration Optimization in 2G/3G Handover

Reason
Call drop because of incorrect data configuration
Description
When the 2G/3G handover tests are performed at the boundary of the 3G network,
the handover from the 3G network to the 2G network succeeds in the west to east direction, but the
handover fails in the east to west direction.
Main parameters
BSC ID, LAC, NCC, and BCCH of the 2G neighboring cell

Troubleshooting process
Because the handover from 3G network to 2G network fails, you should firstly check
whether 2G neighboring cells are configured. If all 2G neighboring cells are configured, go to the
next step.
Record whether the 2G Sagem UE starts the compression mode when the signal
quality of a 3G UE is lower than the threshold for starting the compression mode, and record the CI
of the 2G cell where the compression mode is started.
You can find that the UE starts the compression mode after the preceding step is
performed. The signaling is as follows:

Solution:
Check the BSC and LAC of the target 2G cell on the CN. You can find that the LAC is
not configured. Then, reconfigure the LACs of all 2G neighboring cells on the CN.
Result:

After the data is configured again, all 3G-to-2G handovers succeed.

Suggestion for similar problems:
In the 3G-to-2G handover, the BSC ID, LAC, NCC, and BCCH of 2G neighboring
cells must be configured in the 2G neighboring cell database of the OMCR and on the CN.

Call Drop Case-Handover

End of Course
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Labels: Optimization , UMTS Training , WCDMA 3G

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