Pediatrics 2 (the finale!

)
1- Dr Abraham Jacobi NY physician referred to as father of pediatrics Pioneered the
scientific and clinical investigation of childhood diseases. Established milk stations
where infants were weighed and mothers were taught how to prepare milk before
giving it to their babies
2- Lillian Wald founded the Henry St. Settlement in NYC which provided nursing
service, social work, and an organized program of social, cultural, and educational
activities. She is regarded as the founder of public health or community nursing.
3- How do you build a trusting relationship with a child? Talk to them at a level they are
able to understand and most importantly be honest
4- Children with special needs infants and children with congenital abnormalities,
malignancies, gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, and central nervous system (CNS)
anomalies.
5- Family-centered care philosophy of care that recognizes the family is a constant in
a childs life and holds that systems and personnel must support, respect, encourage,
and enhance the strengths and competence of the family. Can give parents lab
results same access to information about their child as well as other members of
the childs health care team
6- A developmental approach emphasizes the childs abilities and strengths rather than
disabilities and weaknesses. Builds on what they are able to do rather than
concentrating on what they are not able to do.
7- Anticipatory guidance (psychological preparation, based on developmental stage, of
a person for an event to be stressful) can be prepared for child or parents (family)
Anticipatory guidance is education of parents to prepare them for normal growth and
development of their children. It is also psychological preparation of a person for an
event expected to be stressful, as in preparation of a child for surgery by explaining
what will happen and what it will feel like
8- Measure head circumference of a child is usually above the eyebrows and pinna of
the ears and around the occipital prominence at the back of the skull
9- Vital signs of an infant in order are: (1) count respirations first (2) take pulse second
(3) and temperature last
10- Infants are belly abdominal breathers diaphragm
11- How do you test for jaundice in African-American child? Apply pressure to the gums
or lips to observe color change. A yellow tint sometimes indicates jaundice
12- Three year olds development slows down so muscles and bones can catch up
13- Opioids are used for pain control in children no more effect on respiration than
adults
14- Spina bifida main sign and symptom is tuft of hair anywhere along the spine,
especially the sacrum
15- Language development 2 year old has 2 word sentences; 3 year old 3 word
sentences; etc
16- When preparing a toddler for hospital admission tell them only days ahead of time
17- It is normal for children to regress while in the hospital (sucking the thumb, etc)
18- Children with special needs are in the hospital longer everything we do for them
requires more time

19- When explaining to parents and they seem confused (because of stress and anxiety)
keep repeating and explaining tests and treatments thoroughly, so you are certain
they fully comprehend it
20- Bathe an infant before a feeding to avoid stimulating regurgitation or vomiting
21- Turn baby on right side after feeding in the hospital
22- When using a SRD (safety reminder device) on a baby loosen and remove every 2
hours to permit exercise of the body area, check circulation and give something to
drink
23- When giving a gavage (feeding tube thru the nose and mouth and esophagus to
stomach) feeding to a baby (1) aspirate for stomach contents (2) inject small
amount of air 0.5-1ml in premature or infants 5ml in larger infants
24- Mist tent improve childs respiratory status by liquefying pulmonary secretions
25- Suctioning no more than 5 seconds and allow 30 seconds between suctioning
(adult 10 seconds)
26- While in hospital if not eating solid food it is okay as long as giving them nutritious
liquids
27- For injection in infant give in the vastus lateralis muscle because it is the mostly
developed and not located close to any circulatory or nerve structures
28- Use scalp veins for IV insertion (can insert in any direction)
29- After lumbar puncture a 2-3 year old quiet play after the procedure is usually
appropriate (young children do not usually have headaches)
30- For unpleasant tasting drug have the child pinch the nose and drink the medicine
through a straw
31- Most efficient SRD devise for a baby with a feeding tube is the mummy restraint (to
control arms and upper body)
32- For PDA (Patent Ductus Arterious) the two connections effected are the pulmonary
artery and the aorta
33- To prevent SIDS use back to bed - place baby on their back
34- For down syndrome the extra chromosome involved is number 21
35- When thinking of cystic fibrosis think of excessive thick mucous (disorder of
endocrine system)
36- Avoid a spoon when feeding a baby with a cleft palate or lip (may injure the suture
line)
37- For a child with leukemia the drug of choice is methotrexate
38- Some causes for autism are; genetic and environmental NOT vaccines
39- Children with ADHD if not treated when younger they have more of a chance to have
a substance abuse problem when older
40- Pediatric trauma - the main reason for trauma in children 5 or older is MVA (motor
vehicle accident)
41- Signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus (1)high pitched cry, (2)sunset eyes and
(3)prominent forehead. Use ventricular peritoneal shunt
42- Child with CP (cerebral palsy) primary manifestations of CP involve abnormal-poor
muscle tone and poor coordination
-

Erikson psycho-social and developmental

Freud psychosexual (father of psychiatry)
Piagets intellectual / cognitive
Maslows hierarchy of needs (bottom to top) (1) physiological (2) safety and security
(3) love and belonging (4) self-esteem (5) self-actualization

Age related fears Adolescents; special anxiety for change in body image (like peer
reaction to scar)
Foramen ovale is between the two atriums
Ductus arteriosus is between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
Adderall & Ritalin (stimulants/amphetamines) - do not give to children under 6
Hispanic children less likely diagnosed with ADHD
Good oral care in elderly protect from pneumonia (dental plaque causes it)