Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PETE 311
PETROPHYSICS
Petrophysics is the study of rock properties and
rock interactions with fluids (gases, liquid
hydrocarbons, and aqueous solutions).
RESERVOIR PETROPHYSICS
PETE 311
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Systematic theoretical and laboratory study of
physical properties of petroleum reservoir rocks
Lithology
Porosity
Compressibility
Permeability
Fluid saturations
Capillary characteristics
Rock stress
Fluid-rock interaction
RESERVOIR PETROPHYSICS
Course Objectives
By the last day of class, the student should be able to:
1.
2.
3.
RESERVOIR PETROPHYSICS
Course Objectives
4.
5.
6.
RESERVOIR PETROPHYSICS
Course Objectives
Define effective permeability, relative permeability, and
permeability ratio; reproduce typical relative permeability curves and
show effect of saturation history on relative permeability; illustrate the
measurement of relative permeability; and demonstrate some uses of
relative permeability data.
8. Describe three-phase flow in reservoir rock and explain methods of
displaying three-phase effective permeability.
9. Demonstrate the techniques of averaging porosity, permeability, and
reservoir pressure data.
10. Demonstrate capability to perform calculations relating to all
concepts above.
11. Design and conduct experiments to determine porosity, rock
compressibility, absolute and relative permeability, fluid saturation,
capillary pressure, and electrical properties of reservoir rocks;
analyze and interpret experimental data; and prepare laboratory
reports.
7.
PETROPHYSICS
Why do we study petrophysics?
Stratigraphic
Extent of
Petroleum
System
Pod of Active
Source Rock
Petroleum Reservoir (O)
Fold-and-Thrust Belt
(arrows indicate relative fault motion)
(modified from Magoon and Dow, 1994)
Essential
Elements
of
Petroleum
System
Overburden Rock
Seal Rock
Reservoir Rock
Source Rock
Underburden Rock
Basement Rock
Top Oil Window
Top Gas Window
Sedimentary
Basin Fill
Extent of Play
Extent of Prospect/Field
O
PETROLEUM SYSTEM
Timing of formation of the major elements of a petroleum system, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela.
Carbonate Rocks
Consist Primarily of Carbonate Minerals
-2
Mudstone
(Siltstone
and shale;
clastic)
~75%
Limestone and
Dolomite
(carbonate)
~14%
Millimeters
Micrometers
4,096
256
64
4
2
1
0.5
0.25
0.125
0.062
0.031
0.016
0.008
0.004
500
250
125
62
31
16
8
4
(modified from Blatt, 1982)
Carbonate rocks can be classified according to the texture and grain size.
From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
Fault
(impermeable)
Oil/water
contact (OWC)
Seal
Migration route
Hydrocarbon
accumulation
in the
reservoir rock
Top of maturity
Source rock
Seal
Reservoir
rock
DESCRIBING A RESERVOIR
Structural Characterization
DOMAL TRAP
Are hydrocarbons in this field oil or gas?
What is the volume of hydrocarbons
In this trap?
What are the reserves?
WATER DRIVE
A reservoir-drive
mechanism whereby
the oil is driven
through the
reservoir by an
active aquifer. As
the reservoir
depletes, the water
moving in from the
aquifer below
displaces the oil
until the aquifer
energy is expended
or the well
eventually produces
too much water to
be viable.
From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
TYPES OF HYDROCARBONS
Composition
Molecular structure
Physical properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
HYDROCARBONS
Color
Refractive Index
Odor
Density (Specific Gravity)
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Flash Point
Viscosity
FLUID DENSITY
API =
141.5 - 131.5
= specific gravity
FLUID VISCOSITY
Importance
Units centipoises (, cp)
Strongly temperature dependent
Standard reporting conditions
DRILLING RIGS
Drillship
Semisubmersible
Jackup
Submersible
Land Rig
Next Class:
RESERVOIR POROSITY
Definition: Porosity is the fraction of the
bulk volume of a material (rock) that is
occupied by pores (voids).
Origins and descriptions
Factors that effect porosity
Methods of determination