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2013 SECTION IX

QW-193.2 Performance Qualification Specimens.


Five mockup welds are required to qualify each welder
or welding operator. The same rules as that for procedure
qualification (QW-193.1) shall be followed. Only one
mockup weld is required to renew a welders or welding
operators qualification when that qualification has expired or been revoked per the requirements of QW-322.1.
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QW-194

Material Thickness, in. (mm)


< 0.010
0.010
0.020
0.040
0.069
0.100
0.118
0.157

VISUAL EXAMINATION
PERFORMANCE

Performance test coupons shall show no cracks and


complete joint penetration with complete fusion of weld
metal and base metal.

QW-195

< 0.020
< 0.040
< 0.069
< 0.100
< 0.118
< 0.157

(0.50)
(1.00)
(1.75)
(2.54)
(3.00)
(4.00)

6t
5t
4t
3t
2.50t
2.25t
2t
1.80t

The weld depth (extent of fusion) shall be a minimum of


20% of the thickness of the thinner ply (in each member)
and a maximum of 80% of the total thickness of all plies.

LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

QW-195.1 The liquid penetrant examination in


QW-214 for corrosionresistant weld metal overlay shall
meet the requirements of Section V, Article 6. The acceptance standards of QW-195.2 shall be met.

QW-196.1.3 For projection welds, the width of the


nugget shall be not less than 80% of the width of the
projection.
QW-196.2 Mechanical Testing.
QW-196.2.1 Shear test specimens shall be prepared
as shown on Figure QW-462.9. For spot and projection
welds, each test specimen shall equal or exceed the minimum strength, and the average strength specified in
Tables QW-462.10(a) through QW-462.10(c) for the appropriate material. Further, for each set, 90% shall have
shear strength values between 0.9 and 1.1 times the set
average value. The remaining 10% shall lie between 0.8
and 1.2 times the set average value.

QW-195.2 Liquid Penetrant Acceptance Criteria.


QW-195.2.1 Terminology.
relevant indications: indications with major dimensions
greater than 1/16 in. (1.5 mm)
linear indications: an indication having a length greater
than three times the width.
rounded indications: an indication of circular or elliptical
shape with the length equal to or less than three times
the width.

QW-196.2.2 Peel test specimens shall be prepared


as shown in Figure QW-462.8.1 for spot and projection
welding and per Figure QW-462.8.2 for seam welding.
The specimens shall be peeled or separated mechanically,
and fracture shall occur in the base metal by tearing out of
the weld in order for the specimen to be acceptable.

QW-195.2.2 Acceptance Standards. Procedure and


performance tests examined by liquid penetrant techniques shall be judged unacceptable when the examination
exhibits any indication in excess of the limits specified in
the following:
(a) relevant linear indications
(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in.
(5 mm)
(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line
separated by 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) or less (edgetoedge)

QW-196

(0.25)
(0.25) and
(0.50) and
(1.00) and
(1.75) and
(2.54) and
(3.00) and
(4.00)

Weld Nugget
Width

QW-197

LASER BEAM WELDING (LBW) LAP JOINT


TESTS

QW-197.1 Procedure Qualification Specimens.


QW-197.1.1 Required Tests. Six tension shear
specimens and eight macro specimens are required to
qualify each procedure. The qualification test coupon shall
be prepared in accordance with Figure QW-464.1. The
tension shear specimens shall conform to the dimensions
indicated in the table of Figure QW-464.1. The longitudinal
and transverse sections indicated in Figure QW-464.1
shall be crosssectioned as closely as possible through
the centerline of the weld. A minimum of 1 in. (25 mm)
shall be provided for examination of each longitudinal
specimen. The transverse specimens shall be of sufficient
length to include weld, the heataffected zone, and portions of the unaffected base material. Crosssections shall
be smoothed and etched with a suitable etchant (see
QW-470), and examined at a minimum magnification of
25X. The dimensions of the fusion zone and penetration
of each weld of the transverse specimens shall be measured to the nearest hundredth of an inch and recorded.

RESISTANCE WELD TESTING

QW-196.1 MacroExamination.
QW-196.1.1 Welds shall be crosssectioned,
polished, and etched to reveal the weld metal. The
section shall be examined at 10X magnification. Seam
welding specimens shall be prepared as shown in
Figure QW-462.7.3. The sectioned weldment shall be free
of cracks, incomplete penetration, expulsions, and inclusions. Porosity shall not exceed one void in the transverse
cross section or three voids in the longitudinal cross section of a specimen. The maximum dimension of any void
shall not exceed 10% of the thickness of the weld bead.
QW-196.1.2 For spot and seam welds, the minimum width of the weld nugget shall be as follows in relation to thickness, t, of the thinner member.
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