Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
HSS-FE S6 Specific Functions and Interfaces
1
Introduction
1.1
HSS-FE Specific Interfaces
2
HSS-FE Specific Procedures
2.1
Authentication and Key Management
2.2
Update Location
2.3
Cancel Location
2.4
Purge UE
2.5
Insert Subscriber Data
2.6
Delete Subscriber Data
2.7
Reset
2.8
Notify
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
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CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
Introduction
Fig. 1 Introduction
Nowadays, 2G/2.5G (GSM/GPRS) and 3G (UMTS) domains are supported by HLRoriented equipments which connect the necessary core network backbone for the
todays telecommunication networks.
With the upcoming of the new 3GPP Release 8 radio technology (LTE), the HSS-will
be greatly involved in the supporting of the core network functionality that will bring
new services and rich end user experience in terms of service quality and costs.
LTE/SAE provides
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
The following picture shows the evolution steps from GSM/UMTS towards LTE/SAE,
with the HSS-FE (HSS) as a central component in the control network.
Access
Core
Control
GSM/EDGE/
MSC
MGW
BTS
UMTS/HSPA
Shift of
functionality
BSC
RNC
Node B
SGSN
GGSN
LTE / SAE
PDN
MME
HSS
SAE-GW
eNodeB
EPC
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CN37403EN92GLA0
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1.1
Currently, the HSS-FE is meant for IMS systems and therefore natively support
Diameter based interfaces like Cx/Sh/Wx/SWx/Zh and so on, mostly used for the
interfacing with the CSCF.
Nowadays, the S6a/d Diameter interfacing will be used following the enhancement of
the Packet Switch network domain (EPS) by the LTE access, according to 3GPP
Release 8.
The S6a Diameter interface runs towards the MME while the S6d runs towards the
Release 8 SGSN, as described in the relevant 3GPP standard (3GPP TS 29.2728.1.1, Release 8). This new purpose for the Diameter interface will provide a mean to
handle the necessary traffic load sharing with the different HSS-FEs.
Focusing on the LTE implementation of the HSS-FE narrows down the relevant
interfaces to S6a (connectivity with MME) and LDAP (connectivity to One-NDS) as
well as the S6d (connectivity with Rel 8 SGSN) and LDAP (connectivity to One-NDS).
Since we are already familiar with LDAP, we will focus on the S6 interface.
TIP
The S6 Diameter interface is based on IP, with SCTP being used as transport
protocol.
The picture below depicts the components of the HSS-FE involved in this interfacing.
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
MME
S6a
R8-SGSN
eNodeB
S6d
RNC
S4
S11
UE
NodeB
SAE-GW
PCRF
PCEF
PDN
GW
Serving
GW
BSC
PDN
BTS
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CN37403EN92GLA0
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1.1.1
S6 Diameter Interface
In order to support the S6 interface, the HSS-FE uses the Diameter stack which
provides the following functions:
TIP
The direction of each message is in brackets.
(I) means Incoming, (O) means Outgoing - from the HSS-FE perspective.
1.1.2
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
Here is a wrap-up of the most important S6 Diameter messages that we will study in
more details throughout the training:
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CN37403EN92GLA0
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10
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
11
2.1
LTE/SAE security handling uses the EPS Authentication and Key Agreement (EPS
AKA) procedure. EPS AKA is based on the UMTS AKA procedure.
With the introduction of the new LTE/SAE flat network architecture, some additional
security enhancements were defined in comparison with the UMTS security handling:
CK, IK
is the pair of keys derived in the AuC and on the USIM during
an AKA run
TIP
EPS AKA is specified in [TS33.401], which defines a rel-99 or later USIM application
on an UICC for accessing E-UTRAN.
EPS AKA differs from UMTS AKA in the use of the AMF separation bit and the key
hierarchy. As a result of the authentication and key agreement, an intermediate key
KASME is generated using the CK, IK and serving network ID.
E-UTRAN keys are then derived from the KASME.
For further details refer to 3GPP TS 33.401 SAE: Security Architecture.
12
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
In order to perform user specific access authentication the MME receives from the
HSS-FE one or more EPS authentication vectors (RAND, AUTN, XRES and
KASME). The MME indicates in the request how many vectors it is prepared to
receive. The HSS-FE (through HSM box) responds accordingly, providing this is in
harmony with the locally configured maximum number of permitted vectors (1 to 5).
The transfer of these authenticating/authorizing relevant data is performed via the S6
interface by using the Authentication Information Retrieval Procedure.
WARNING
There are two possibilities regarding the Authentication Center in our case. We
can indeed have a SoftAC (which is a Crypto-Module embedded on the HSSFE) or a connection to a HSM box (more secure). To avoid confusion, we will
simply refer to AuC as the entity providing the Authentication data.
Pre
Pre-EPS authentication vector (RAND,
AUTN
AUTN,
, XRES,
XRES, CK, IK)
IK)
SN -ID = MCC+MNC
KASME:= KDF
KDF( CK, IK,, SN --ID, SQN AK)
EPS
EPSauthentication
authenticationvector
vector(RAND,
(RAND,AUTN, XRES, KASME)
TIP
EPS AKA at the HSS-FE is supported on the basis that the AuC is co-located. Should
all HSM-Boxes be unavailable, the S6a connections will be closed and new
connections only accepted when at least one HSM-Box is available again.
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
13
2.1.1
14
Command
User Name
Visited PLMN ID
Command
User Name
Result
RAND
Random Value
KASME
XRES
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.1.2
Message flow
UE
eNodeB/RNC/BSC
HSS-FE
MME/SGSN
One NDS
S6 (Diameter)
LDAP
(IMSI)
LDAP Response
. Check Username
. Check EPS
. Check RAT
. Check Roaming
UE derives and
uses KASME to
verify the
network
AuC
Authentication Information Answer
E-UTRAN = (AV: RAND(i), AUTN(i) KASME(i), XRES(i))
UTRAN = (AV: RAND(i), AUTN(i) KASME(i), CK(i), IK(i))
if RES(i) = XRES(i)
authentication successful
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CN37403EN92GLA0
. . . . . . .
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
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15
2.2
Update Location
The Update Location procedure is used between the MME/SGSN and the HSS-FE to
update location information of the subscriber in the One-NDS, and to download the
user subscription data towards the MME/SGSN.
This procedure is invoked by the MME/SGSN and may be optionally used to provide
the HSS-FE with other user data, such as Terminal Information.
The Update Location procedure is mapped to the commands Update Location
Request (ULR) and Update Location Answer (ULA). The most important information
elements contained in these messages are shown in the table below:
Command
User Name
ULR Flags
Visited PLMN ID
RAT Type
Command
Result Code
ULA Flags
2.2.1
Upon receiving an Update Location Request, the HSS-FE performs IMSI, EPS
subscription and roaming checks. Depending on specific conditions, different result
codes are determined and send back to the MME/SGSN.
16
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.2.2
Message Flow
MME/SGSN
HSS-FE
One NDS
S6 (Diameter)
LDAP
(IMSI)
LDAP Response
LDAP Modify
(MME/SGSN Identity)
LDAP Response
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CN37403EN92GLA0
. . . . . . .
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
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17
2.3
Cancel Location
The Cancel Location procedure is used between the HSS-FE and the MME/SGSN to
delete a subscriber record from the MME/SGSN.
This procedure will be invoked by the HSS-FE and represents the following
conditions:
User Name
Cancellation Type
Command
Result
2.3.1
The Cancel Location procedure is triggered over the provisioning interface of the
One-NDS, or as part of an Update Location Request sent by the MME/SGSN.
Different types of cancellation procedures are defined, as explained below:
Subscription Withdrawal
The HSS-FE will include a cancellation type "Subscription Withdrawal" if the
subscriber's subscription is barred or deleted by the operator.
18
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.3.2
MME/SGSN
HSS-FE
NTF
S6 (Diameter)
SOAP
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
2.3.3
MME/SGSN 2
MME/SGSN 1
HSS-FE
S6 (Diameter)
One NDS
LDAP
LDAP Response
LDAP Modify
(MME/SGSN Identity)
LDAP Response
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
19
2.4
Purge UE
The Purge UE procedure is used between the HSS-FE and the MME/SGSN, and
between the HSS-FE and the SGSN, to indicate that the subscriber profile has been
deleted from the MME/SGSN either by an MMI interaction or automatically, e.g.
because the UE has been inactive for several days.
The Purge UE procedure is mapped to the commands Purge UE Request (PUR) and
Purge UE Answer (PUA).
The most important information elements contained in these messages are shown in
the table below:
Command
Purge UE Request
User Name
Command
Purge UE Answer
Result
PUA Flags
2.4.1
Purge UE Procedure
When receiving a Purge UE request, the HSS-FE checks whether the IMSI is known.
Afterwards, it compares the Source Node Identity with the stored MME/SGSN ID. If
they are identical, the HSS-FE sets the PUA Flag "Freeze M-TMSI" (for MME) or the
Freeze P-TMSI (for SGSN), and finally sets internally the flag "UE Purged in
MME/SGSN", as described in the figure 12.
In case the IMSI is not known in the One-NDS, an error is returned to the
MME/SGSN with the corresponding result code, see figure 13.
20
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.4.2
MME/SGSN
HSS-FE
One NDS
S6 (Diameter)
LDAP
Purge UE Request
(AVP: User-Name)
LDAP Search
(IMSI)
Compare MME/SGSN ID
LDAP Response
Purge UE Answer
(DIAMETER_SUCCESS)
LDAP Modify
(UE Purged in MME/SGSN)
LDAP Response
2.4.3
HSS-FE
S6 (Diameter)
One NDS
LDAP
Purge UE Request
(AVP: User-Name)
LDAP Search
(IMSI)
LDAP Response
(LDAP_NO_SUCH_OBJECT)
Purge UE Answer
(DIAMETER_ERROR_USER_UNKNOWN)
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
21
2.5
The Insert Subscriber Data procedure is used between the HSS-FE and the
MME/SGSN for updating certain user data in the MME/SGSN.
Following situations can be considered:
Administrative changes of the user data in the One-NDS, while roaming in one
MME/SGSN (i.e., subscription changes)
The feature ODB (Operator Determined Barring) has been applied, changed or
removed for that user
User Name
Subscription Data
Command
Result
2.5.1
The HSS-FE (on behalf of the One-NDS) uses this procedure to replace a specific
part of the user data stored in the MME/SGSN, or just to add a specific part on that
user data.
This procedure is triggered over the provisioning interface of the One-NDS.
22
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.5.2
Message Flow
MME/SGSN
HSS-FE
NTF
S6 (Diameter)
SOAP
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
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CN37403EN92GLA0
. . . . . . .
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
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23
2.6
The Delete Subscriber Data procedure is used between the MME/SGSN and the
HSS-FE to remove partial or the complete user profile data stored in the MME/SGSN.
This procedure is invoked by the HSS-FE and will be used in the following situations:
User Name
DSR Flags
Command
Result
2.6.1
The HSS-FE uses this procedure to remove from the MME/SGSN the user
subscription data taken from the One-NDS.
This procedure is triggered over the provisioning interface of the One-NDS.
24
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.6.2
Message Flow
MME/SGSN
HSS-FE
NTF
S6 (Diameter)
SOAP
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
Delete Subscriber Data Request
(AVP: User-Name, DSR Flags)
Delete Subscriber Data Answer
(DIAMETER_SUCCESS)
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CN37403EN92GLA0
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2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
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25
2.7
Reset
The Reset Procedure shall be used by the HSS, after a restart, to indicate to the
MME (and, if applicable, to the SGSN) that a failure has occurred.
This procedure is mapped to the commands Reset Request (RSR) and Reset
Answer (RSA).
The following table provides an overview of the most important information elements
contained in these messages:
Command
Reset Request
Command
Reset Answer
Result
2.7.1
Reset Procedure
The HSS-FE makes use of this procedure in order to indicate the MME/SGSN that
the One-NDS nodes holding the MME/SGSN Identity of some subscribers currently
roaming in that MME/SGSN Area have restarted and may have lost this data.
This action is necessary for the HSS-FE in order to provide future Cancel Location
messages as well as to be able to start Insert/Delete Subscriber Data procedures,
when needed.
The Reset procedure is triggered by the operator over the One-NDS Administrator
GUI.
26
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.7.2
Message Flow
MME/SGSN
NTF
HSS-FE
S6 (Diameter)
ADM
One NDS
SOAP
SOAP
LDAP
LDAP Search
(DSA ID)
LDAP Response
(User-IDs)
LDAP Modify
(Send-RESET)
LDAP Response
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
Reset Request
(Opt-AVP: User-ID)
Reset Answer
(DIAMETER_SUCCESS)
Fig. 16 Reset
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CN37403EN92GLA0
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27
2.8
Notify
The Notification Procedure shall be used between the MME/SGSN and the HSS and
between the SGSN and the HSS when an inter MME/SGSN or SGSN location
update does not occur but the HSS needs to be notified about:
Notify Request
User-Name
IMSI
Command
Notify Answer
Result
2.8.1
Notify Procedure
The MME/SGSN makes use of this procedure in order to indicate the HSS that the
User Equipment information for a specific subscriber have to be updated, new PDN
GW Identity has to be verified for handover allocation or that user has become
reachable again.
The message flow for this procedure is detailed on the figure on the right-hand side.
28
CN37403EN92GLA0
2013 Nokia Siemens Networks
2.8.2
Message Flow
MME/SGSN
NTF
HSS-FE
S6 (Diameter)
ADM
One NDS
SOAP
SOAP
LDAP
LDAP Search
(DSA ID)
LDAP Response
(User-IDs)
LDAP Modify
(Send-RESET)
LDAP Response
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
sendSOAPTrigger
sendSOAPResponse
Reset Request
(Opt-AVP: User-ID)
Reset Answer
(DIAMETER_SUCCESS)
Fig. 17 Notify
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CN37403EN92GLA0
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