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In sexual reproduction - each parent contributes half the total number of chromosomes to offspring
Basic principles
In Meiosis I
Somatic
Germinal/germ
Prophase I
Meiosis I
Chromosomes in Humans
Anaphase I
as in mitosis
Telophase I
Anaphase II
as in mitosis
Telophase II
Outcome
function
diploid organisms make haploid gametes by meiosis which give diploid offspring
Usually happens in multicellular haploid organisms
2n cells initially become 4n, giving two 2n cells after Meiosis I, each of them then forms two 1n cells
Meiosis II
X and X are
Different species have different diploid numbers (dogs=78) and haploid numbers (diploid number/2)
Prophase II
Metaphase II
i.e, the same genes are present in the same place in both chromosomes
X and Y are not homologous
Here, each haploid cell divides into 2 daughter cells without duplicated chromosomes
Chromosomes move towards metaphase plate
Metaphase I
Each pair of duplicated sister chromatids is attached to spindle fibers on opposite poles
Types of cells