tropical cyclone (with special reference to the Indian sub-continent):-

tropical cyclones are warm core vortex circulation of tropical region with a
small diameter,often of an approximately circular shape,minimum surface
pressure(<900mb)with standard maximum winds of at least 33m/sec. &
torrential rains accompanied by thunderstorms
& are known by a variety of names.
these stors cause havoc in the
India,Bangladesh,Mayanmar & hence,correct predictions are required for
preventions for disaster management policy formulaton.
there are 3 distinct period for occurence of this storm:-
1)Pre-monsoon period;
2)Monsoon season leavig the months of June,July,August & september.
on an average 13 disturbances develop over bay of bengal &
10% occur in the pre-monsoon season.january - march is normally free
from them.
Location & direction of tracks:-
they show different locations & diferent tracks in different season.
season-monsoon
a)formation-northern bay of bengal.
b)movement-west,nort west.
they occur west of 12(degree)East & 16 (degree)North-21(degree)North in
the month of June.
In July-storms move along a westerly track.it lies generaly betwen
20(degrees)north-25(degrees)north & it's incidence of recurvating the
Himalay's foothills is rare.
In May-storms show recurvature tendencies & ther are certain regions wher
recurvature is frequent.It is difficult to predict the pre-& post-monsoon
periods.
Illustration:-(period 1891-1960)
Months Number of storms over Number of storms over bay of
Arabian sea Bengal
Jan.-Feb. 5 2
Mar.-Apr. 22 5
May- 62 26
June
July- 63 4
Aug.
Sept.- 80 21
Oct.
Nov.- 82 24
Dec.
the characteristics of these storms are not uniform.many of these storms
have varied velocity upto 33 knots.some of these are passed into storms of
34-37 knots.a few of these develop into severe tropical storms of 48-63
knots & very few turn into Hurricanes of >64 knots.
characteristic feature of cyclonic disturbances observed:-(1976)
1)10 cyclonic storms & 3 depressions form in Bay of Bengal & Arabian Sea
per year.
2)5 storms have a westerly to N.W. tract & 3 on northernly tract while
remaining 2 recurved.
3)most were of small size with area of gale force confined to
<1(degrees)from the centre.
4)All disturbances could be traced back to hte south china sea.
5)Parts of gujrat,andhra pradesh,gangetic west suffered considerable
damage due to this cyclone storm.
6)"Masulipatam cyclone" retained it's intensity over land for more than 500
Km.
7)sever storm which hit Bay of Bengal islands towards the end of
december was a very rare occurence.It also gave an all time record rainfall
at some of the islands & caused damage in little Andaman & Niccobar
islands.the deep depression that moved from Bay of Bengal(northern) to
Himachal Pradesh in mid-Aug. 1976 attained intensity of a cyclonic storm
temporarily when it was close to Delhi.