Yan Oya Reservoir Project Environmental Impact Assessment Final Report Volume II – Annexes

Yan Oya Reservoir Project
Environmental Impact Assessment

Final Report
Volume II Annexes
Project
Project Name
Project Proponent
: Yan Oya Reservoir Project

: Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources Management
(MI&WRM)
Project Approving Agency : Central Environmental Authority
Report Requirement
: EIA
ABBREVATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ABOP
ACADD
ACV
AIV
BS
BTL
CEA
CECB
DBH
DSD
EIA
EIRR
FSL
GND
GOSL
GPS
GSMB
Ha
HFL
ID
IRR
LAA
LAAV
LB
LDO
LKR
msl
mcm
MI&WRM
NBRO
NGO
NPV
NWSDB
PPV
RB
RBE
RQD
Air Blast Over Pressure

Assistant Commissioner of Agrarian Development Department
Aggregate Crushing Value
Aggregate Impact Value
British Standard
Bund Top Level
Central Environmental Authority
Central Engineering & Consultancy Bureau
Diameter at Breast Height
Divisional Secretary Division
Environmental Impact Assessment
Economic Internal Rate of Return
Full Supply Level
Grama Niladhari Division
Government of Sri Lanka
Global Positioning System
Geological Survey & Mines Bureau
Hectare
High Flood Level
Irrigation Department
Internal Rate of Return
Land Acquisition Act
Los Angeles Abrasion Value
Left Bank
Land Development Ordinance
Sri Lankan Rupee
Mean Sea Level
Million Cubic Meters
Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management
National Building & Research Organization
Non Governmental Organization
Net Present Value
National Water Supply & Drainage Board
Peak Particle Velocity
Right Bank
Reddish Brown Earth
Rock Quality Designation
2
TEC
TOR
US EPA
WHO
WRB
Technical Evaluation Committee

Terms of Reference
United State Environmental Protection Agency
World Health Organization
Water Resources Board
Table of Contents
Annex I:
Geology .............................................................................................................................................................5
Annex II: Hydrology & Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................... 29
Annex III: Sociology ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
Annex IV: Air Quality, Noise & Vibration .............................................................................................................. 59
Annex V: Flora & Fauna Ecology ............................................................................................................................. 67
Annex VI: Program and Minutes of the First Meeting .................................................................................. 106
Annex VII: Participants of the Field Visit & Some Photos ............................................................................ 110
Annex VIII: Recommendations of Archeology Report ..................................................................................... 114
Annex IX: Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................................ 120
Annex X: References ................................................................................................................................................. 130
Annex XI: Sources of Data & Information .......................................................................................................... 134
Annex XII: List of Prepares Including Their Work Allocation .................................................................... 136
Annex XIII: Comments Made by the Public, NGOs & Other Agencies during Formal & Informal
Scoping Meetings Held by the EIA Team ...................................................................................... 140
Annex XIV: Complete Set of Relevant Maps, Tables, Charts, ........................................................................ 142
Layout Plans & Other Details ............................................................................................................. 142
Annex I: Geology
ANNEX (I-I)
Geological Aspects in and Around the Areas Covered by Project Related
Structures
Geological Aspects of Main Dam Axis (Refer Figures 3.1.2.1B to 3.1.2.1M)
Yan Oya main dam is proposed between Yakini Kanda and Veherabendi Kanda. Yan Oya
valley in the area of proposed main dam axis (between Yakini Kanda and Veherabendi
Kanda) is somewhat symmetrical, flat bottomed and U shaped. Width of the valley
from left bank to right bank is about 2.5km. The steepness of abutment slope on left
bank (Yakini Kanda) is 450 500 while that of right bank (Veherabendi Kanda) is 350
400. Both abutments are strike ridges and right bank ridge runs sub parallel to the river
and left bank ridge is located with an angle of about 450 to 600.
An Archaeological site is located within the northern top section of the Veherabendi
Kanda ridge structure (Plate 3.1.2.1.1). Therefore, when conducting construction work
of the project within the Veherabendi Kanda, action will have to be taken to avoid any
impacts to this archaeological site.
Plate 3.1.2.1.1: Archaeological site located on the northern top section of the
Veherabendi Kanda ridge structure
Bed rock is not seen on the main stream but insulburgs which comprise mainly of bed
rock exposures with thin residual soil cover resting on its top could be observed along
the main dam axis.
Core drilling as well as test pitting along the dam axis and field mapping have showed
the existence of two main lithological units.
-
Overburden Cover
Bed Rock
- Overburden Cover
Drill holes (DH 24, DH 25, DH 26 & DH 06) along the main dam axis observed a thick
layer of alluvial bed, throughout the valley. Recorded maximum thickness of the alluvial
bed in the drill holes is 12.5m. Thickness of alluvial layer towards both abutments
decreases.
Based on composition, colour, grain size and bedding, the alluvial materials found in the
Yan Oya valley along the main dam axis can be divided into two units. The first unit is
the upper layer, which consists of black to dark brown high plastic organic clay with
lenses of clayey silt / clayey sand.
This clay layer may have been formed under conditions of stagnant water in pools
within the flood plain or by sedimentation of suspended organic matter with the
detritus material over the flood plain.
The second unit which is the lower layer, consists of bands and lenses of
undifferentiated light grey or light brown clayey silt or clayey sand or very fine sandy
silt with occasional thin bands if gravel.
In comparison to top unit, in the lower layer, content of organic matter is very much
less. The upper layer is plastic and impermeable while the lower layer is mostly
permeable and non plastic or with very low plasticity.
Hill slopes and adjacent areas of both abutments are covered with talus material which
consists of hillside waste and debris upto a depth of 5m. Low flat topped hills are
covered with residual soils.
- Bed Rock
Along the main dam axis, the dominant rock type is charnockite and charnockitic gneiss
with intercalations of thin bands of hornblende biotite gneiss.
Charnockite rock is identified in the strike ridge structures where left and right
abutments are located. The charnockite rocks generally form ridge structures owing to
its weathering resistance character.
Ridge structures identified within the reservoir area are also belongs to charnockite
rock variety.
Results of drill holes indicate that the alluvial layer is lying directly on the bed rock,
weathered bed rock or residual soil layer. Generally, weathering thickness is more on
abutments. Thickness of weathered rock layer on right bank is about 6m while that of
left bank is about 3m.Total thickness of overburden cover including residual soil and
weathered rock along the main dam axis varies from 5 to 12.5m.
7
Orientation of foliation changes gradually from left bank to right bank. On left bank,
foliation is towards NW direction and in right bank the foliation changes towards east.
Geological Aspects of Spillway Area (Refer Figures 3.1.2.1N to 3.1.2.1P)
Saddle between Veherabendi Kanda and Galbuddha Kanda was selected for
construction of spillway in the pre-feasibility stage. The maximum height of
Veherabendi Kanda is around 65m and Galbuddha Kanda has not surveyed upto the top
of the hill but height can be assumed to be around 70m. Average slope of both hills is
about 35 - 40. The width of the valley is about 550m. Three axis were selected for
investigations. Axis I is from Veherabendi Kanda and Galbuddha Kanda through a low
outcropping rock exposure (in the middle of the saddle total length of spillway is 670m)
and the axis II and axis III are directly connecting two hills (width 550m).
Both hills are elongated strike ridges and elongation take place towards NE direction.
Other notable feature is that the Veherabendi Kanda ridge is divided into two peaks and
minor saddle between two peaks is reaching the height of 45 a.m.s.l. It seems that this
saddle has been created by the influence of a fracture zone. Both hill tops as well as
slopes are covered with rock blocks detached along open joints and some boulders may
be transported along the slope for several meters. Thickness of the loose boulder cover
is upto 10m and size of the boulders varies from 1m upto 5m.
Core drilling as well as test pitting along the L.S. of spillway and along the both selected
axis of spillway have shown the existence of two major lithological units.
(1)
(2)
Overburden (Residual soil and completely weathered rock).

Bed rock.
- Overburden and Bed Rock

Along both axis of spillway in the lower part of the valley, a layer of residual soil and
completely weathered rock is overlying the bedrock. In addition, 2 3m thick alluvial
layer was observed in test pits made in axes II & III. This layer extends only upto
Spillway axis II and axis III. (Figures 3.1.2.1N 3.1.2.1P). Alluvial deposits mainly
consist of organic clay, clayey silt, silty clay or clayey sand. Presence of silica /carbonate
concretions also observed.
Residual soil and completely weathered rock consist of dark brown to reddish brown
clayey sand, sandy clay or silt and this layer seems to be impermeable with permeability
values reaching a range upto 1 x 105 cm/sec.
Bed rock consists mainly of medium to coarse grained charnockite and charnockitic
gneiss with intercalations of dark grey hornblende biotite gneiss. Weathering is
inconsistent in drill holes and drill hole DH 31 is located at lower most area of the
8
valley, shows weathering upto a depth of l4m. In other drill holes moderately weathered
rock is observed at the depth of 5 - 8m. Strike of the foliation is towards NE direction
and dip angle varies from 500 to 600 towards NW direction.
Two joint sets were observed. Both joint patterns striking oblique to spillway axis and
direction is towards SW and NE. Dip angles are sub-vertical and joints are mainly tight
or filled with a secondary material in most cases silica / carbonate. According to field
observations, Pansalkanda Saddle between two peaks probably formed with the
influence of above fracture zone. It seems that at the lowest area of the valley
intersection of a set of closely spaced foliation joints with some fracture zone create a
deep weathered zone to a depth of 14m. This deep weathering is observed in drill hole
No. DH 31 which is located in Spillway Axis 1.
Weathering along the Axis II is moderate and reaches a maximum depth of 7 - 8 m to
reach moderately weathered rock.
Considering the Hydraulic conditions, proposed axis III seems to be better than Axis II
and Axis I. Engineering Geological condition also can be assumed to be slightly better in
Axis II.
Preference in selecting the spillway axis will be given to the axis where foundation
excavations can be expected to be minimum. In this context, Axis III is preferred over
axis I and axis II. Because the maximum thickness for foundation excavation is lower
(around 5 - 6m) in axis III than that of axis I (around 14m) and axis II (7 to 8m).
Geological Aspects of Saddle Dams (Refer Figures 3.1.2.1B to 3.1.2.1M)
There are four saddle dams in low saddle areas of right bank and left bank. On one of
the right bank saddles, spillway is located. On right bank near Yakinikanda, two
locations where bed level falls below the expected H.F.L. need to be filled or improved
with foundation treatments. On right bank except the spillway location, two saddle
dams are expected. Saddle dam II is between Galbuddha Kanda and Labukanda hill
ranges and Saddle dams III & IV are between Labukanda hill range and Mailewa hamlet.
Left Bank Saddle Dam I and II
Two drill holes (DH 28 and DH 30) have been executed on left bank at Yakinikanda hill
range which is the continuation of left bank main dam abutment. Rock encountered in
both drill holes is hard charnockitic gneiss. But two fractured or deeply weathered /
altered shear zones, represented by joint set II (which is common to dam site too) are
crossing through the major hill range from upstream to downstream. These saddle
points are due to the influence of same. Deep weathering encountered along the
fracture zones along which subsequently erosion has taken place, made the ground
elevations lower than the expected H.F.L. In the case of DH 28 where collar elevation is
40.434m a.m.s.l. completely weathered rock is anticipated upto a elevation of 36.0m

a.m.s.l.
Saddle Dams on Right Bank
Saddle dam II is selected between Galbuddha Kanda and Labukanda. Due to
unfavourable security conditions and presence of Mahasorowwa tank which was filled
to its full capacity, investigations for saddle dam II was limited to three drill holes DH11,
DH12, DH13 and few test pits. Field mapping and results of test pitting and drilling
show that the major rock types encountered in the area are charnockitic gneiss and
quartzo feldspathic gneiss. Lowest elevation between Labukanda hill range and
Galbuddha Kanda is expected to be 26m a.m.s.l. Both hills rises to its peak elevations at
Left and Right abutments of the saddle dam and highest elevations are expected to be
52m a.m.s.l. for Labukanda and 65m a.m.s.l. for Galbuddha Kanda. Mailewa Kanda
(elevation 75m a.m.s.l. covers a large area on extreme right abutment of saddle dam III
and consist mainly of massive and hard quartz-feldspathic rock mass. Results of drilling
is shown in bore hole logs of DH 11, DH 12, DH 13. Results of test pits are shown in test
pit logs LKD I, LKD 7. Deep weathering is expected to be at DH13 (upto a depth of l4m)
and DH12 (upto a depth of l2m). Rock in the area where DH 13 is located probably
highly influenced by a fracture zone or it may reflects the nature of deferential
weathering which has a bearing on to the difference of composition of two rock type. In
addition to Residual Soil and completely to highly weathered rock along the saddle dam
axis II in few locations fresh water lake deposits also are expected with a thickness of 24m. These lake deposits consist of unconsolidated organic silt or silty sand with shells of
fresh water moluses. This unconsolidated layer has to be removed and dam can be
founded on residual soil or completely weathered rock which are rested on above
mentioned unconsolidated top soil cover. This layer of residual soil or completely
weathered rock which consist mainly of reddish brown plastic clayey sand or yellowish
brown clayey sand or silty clayey sand, provides very favourable conditions for saddle
dam foundations of both saddle dams (saddle dam II and saddle dam III) and only
removal of top soil layer is required.
Geological Aspects of Canal Intakes and Canal Traces
Under the Yan Oya project, both Right and Left Bank Main Canals will be erected from
the proposed dam / reservoir to feed the lands under command area. Details of both
these canal structures are as follows.
Left Bank Canal Intake and Canal Trace
The proposed Left Bank Main Canal is 20.0km long and runs through a flat terrain. At
intake location of canal trace, a short tunnel (about 78m long) with a diameter of 3m is
to be erected. The Left Bank main canal has Branch Canals having 25.8km in length and
distributory canals having 28.8km in length.
10
Left Bank Main Canal will feed 400Ha, existing Wahalkada Irrigation Scheme, 620 Ha of
Meeoya Scheme, Yan Oya Anicut lands, other lands under command along the canal and
finally will feed Jayanthiwewa.
Canal Intake Structure
Left Bank canal is connected to the reservoir by means of a short tunnel (about 78m
long), driven through Yakinikanda ridge. Top elevation of Yakinikanda ridge is 65 m
a.m.s.l. and the connecting tunnel inlet is at an elevation around 27m. Core of this ridge
is made up of jointed hard charnockitic gneiss. Joints are mostly parallel to the direction
of foliation. Drill hole no. 23A and 23B are located at the beginning and at the end of the
connecting tunnel. Hill slopes are covered with completely weathered rock and residual
soil overlain by a boulder (talus) layer. Thickness of this layer is 2 - 4m.
Holes drilled at the peak of Yakinikanda hill and (DH 23) dam abutment show that open
joints or jointed rock with clayey material filling extends to a depth of 18 m. Due to
presence of detached or separated rock blocks tunnel intake and outlet structure have
to be supported with steel ribs during excavation period in order to ensure safe
working conditions during tunneling. After the entrance, about 10 - 20m from both
ends will have to be excavated with immediate support measures and such as wire
meshing, shotcreting, rock bolting. Core of the Yakinikanda hill consist of hard rock
mass with joints filled with secondary material such as silica or calcite.
Canal Trace
Depending on the rock/soil formations encountered along the canal trace, it can be sub
divided into three groups of material in the context of hardness by selection of
excavation method or equipment or the excavation techniques involved namely;
(1) Material which could be excavated with light earth moving equipment and no
blasting is involved.
(2) Material which is rippable with light to heavy earth moving equipment but
involves light blasting.
(3) Hard rock which can be excavated with the assistance of blasting.
Along the canal trace a series of test pits were executed. Three major geological
formations can be identified in the region along the canal trace.
- Alluvial Deposits
Alluvial deposits are present in ancient tank beds, stream beds and in the flood plain of
minor streams. These deposits consist of organic clay, clay silt, silty sand and medium to
coarse grained sand. Alluvium could be excavated without difficulties using light or
heavy earth moving equipment. During the excavations in most places wet conditions
can be expected due to presence of high ground water level. Thickness of this layer is
expected to be in the region of 03m.
11
- Residual Soil and Completely to Highly Weathered Bed Rock

Reddish brown or yellowish brown residual soil consist of silty clay or clayey sand and
covers most part of the area as a superficial deposit with thickness varying from 2 to
4m. At places the same layer consists of reddish brown highly quartzitic clayey gravel or
slightly clayey gravely sand with low plasticity but high permeability.
Below the residual soil layer, weak completely weathered rock is found. Highly
weathered rock layer which occurs below the completely weathered rock requires
blasting during excavation. At some places this layer is represented by yellowish brown
silty sand or silt.
- Hard Rock Formation
The hard rock mass along the canal trace is represented by quartzite, quartzo
feldspathic gneiss, charnobkite, chamockitic gneiss and hornblende biotite gneiss rocks.
Out of these rock types, charnockite and charnockitic gneiss takes the dominant part.
Material available along the canal trace can be grouped as shown in the table below
according to the excavation technique involved in execution of canal excavations.
At Mee Oya, where an aquaduct is planned, no rock exposures were observed. However
about 100m from the crossing point towards upstream, a rock exposure is observed. At
the location of the structure, rock is expected to be available at a depth of 3-5m. Due to
security reasons, a drill hole could not be executed at this location. It is proposed to
execute few shallow holes before designs are finalized in order to identify foundation
depth of the structure.
12
Chainage
0.0 to 1.0
1.0 to 2.0
2.0 to 3.0
3.0 to 4.0
4.0 to 5.0
5.0 to 6.0
6.0 to 7.0
7.0 to 8.0
8.0 to 9.0
9.0 to 10.0
10.0 to 11.0
11.0 to 12.0
12.0 to 13.0
13.0 to 14.0
14.0 to 15.0
15.0 to 16.0
16.0 to 17.0
17.0 to 18.0
18.0 to 19.0
19.0 to 20.27
Areas with Earth Excavations where no Rock

blastingis involved
0.000 - 1.000
1.000 - 2.000
2+000 - 2+170, 2+560-3.000
3+000 - 3+830
4+250 - 5+000
5+000 - 5+250
6+900 - 7+000
7+000-7+225, 7+650-8.000
8+000 - 9+000
9+000-9+500, 9+920-10+000
10+000 - 11+000
11+000 - 12+000
12+000-12+150, 12+290-13+000
13+000 - 13+790
14+110 - 15+000
15+000 - 16+000
16+000 - 16+525
17+020 - 18+000
18+000 - 19+000
19+000-19+600, 19+800-20+270
Areas with rock and

earth excavations where
rock blasting is involved
2+170 - 2+560
3 + 830 - 4+000
4+000 - 4+250
5+250 - 6+000
6+000 - 6+900
7+225 - 7+650
9+500 - 9+920
12+150 - 12+290
13+790 - 14+000
14+000 - 14+110
16+525 - 17+000
17+000 - 17+020
19+600 - 19+800
It is proposed to construct concrete lined canals for Main and Branch Canals and some
sections of the Distributor Canal system for the Left Bank Canal area. This decision was
taken to preserve water flow along the canal as the existing soil condition may not
favorable for efficient water distribution with earthen type canals. Due to pores nature
of alluvial soils water along the lengthy canal system may percolate and seep the water
to a greater extent if earthen canals are proposed for main conveyances. Delivery
efficiency is quite low for earthen canals compared to lined canals.
Land classification of the command areas of Padaviya Upper areas, Padaviya Lower
areas, Yan Oya Aniut Scheme, Lands in Mee Oya basin, command areas under tanks of
LB Canal have been attended. Reports explains that more than 46% in average the soil is
poorly drain type, 5% well drain and balance moderately drain type.
Right Bank Canal Intake and Canal Trace
The proposed Right Bank Main Canal is 11.7km long and runs through a flat terrain.
Right Bank Main canal will off take from the sluice located in Saddle Dam 3. It will feed
several minor irrigation tanks, such as Nillapanikulam (201Ha), Maha Alan Kulam
(46Ha, Andiyagala wewa (46Ha) and other areas of extent, 1209Ha.
RB command area consists of more moderately drain type soil. As per technical
decisions RB Main canal and Brach Canals will be an earthen type canals.
13
Annex (I-II)
Special Features of the Identified Burrow Sites
Borrow Area I
Most of this Quartzite ridge is on the upstream of the Wahalkada settlement area and
considerable number of houses, a school and number of boutiques will have to be
relocated to clear the complete area. The topography of the area gradually rises from
the road level and therefore self draining condition could be easily maintained during
exploitation. The dominating soil consists of reddish gravelly clay. In most of the test
pits the presence of highly gravelly material within first 0.5 meters is very clear. This
may be due to surface drainage. But it reduces with the depth and beginning of SC-GC
soils is clearly visible. Due to easy access and the presence of GC/SC material in bulk,
this gravelly ridge is preferred to other areas as a borrow area. All of left Bank and
partly of Right Bank fill materials requirements could be exploited from this area. The
highly gravelly top material (GW) which has to be removed to exploit the GC/SC
material could be economically used for the construction of access roads, needed for the
project.
Due to the presence of Wahalkada D-2 School, Wahalkada D-2 junction with few
boutiques and number of houses, only a section of the quartzitic gravel ridge structure
is recommended for excavation. This proposed section of Borrow area is shown in
Figure 3.1.2.1Q.
Borrow Area 2
This area is prone to frequent flooding and consists of alluvial deposits. The dominating
material is SM and SM/GC material is also available in small quantities. The Area is
accessible from Wahalkada and the area is covered with abandoned paddy and patches
of shrub jungles. There are no houses located in this area. As borrow area 1 has
adequate material for left bank works, area 2 could be kept as a stand by borrow area.
Borrow Area 3
Most of the area is covered with reddish brown residual soil (SC) and gravelly clayey
soils (GC), dominate in some pockets.
The area closer to the river bed is again an alluvial deposit which contains layers of
sand, silt and inorganic clays.
The dome shaped hillock which rises up to 50 m.a.s.l is situated in this area, close to the
river. Inspection of test pits indicated that over 3m of productive soil layer is quite
possible in this hillock and the material is close to GC type. The whole Hapatiyawa
village and part of Paburugaswewa village are situated in this area. As this area is
located within the proposed reservoir bed any social problem is not anticipated in
exploiting the area as a borrow.
14
Borrow Area 4 (Right Bank)

This area too is within the reservoir bed and the demarcated outer edge is
approximately 1 km from the Dam axis. Part of Mahasorowwa tank and its settlement is
within this area. Abandoned chena cultivation and shrub jungles are common features
of this area.
There are some indications that this area too would be of alluvial deposit. The
dominating soil group is SM yellowish soil. The pangurugaswewa Mahasorowwa road
runs through this borrow area.
Borrow Area 5 (Right Bank)
This area is situated downstream of Dam axis. The proposed spillway is also located in
this area. The reddish SC/GC material and yellowish SC material are the dominating soil
groups. This area is covered with thick jungle and the area close to the river consists of
an alluvial deposit. Bulk of the excavated soil (over 90%) from the construction of
spillway could be economically used for the embankment construction works.
Water Table Variations
Water table was not observed in any of the test pits in borrow areas 1 to 5. There were
no indications of water table even after the rainy season. Therefore expected exploitable
volumes of earth will not be affected by water table variations.
Physical And Mechanical Properties
The laboratory test results clearly show that the gram size and physical properties of
each soil type are almost in the same order. Therefore, the soil material in the borrow
areas within 2 kms distance, both in the upstream and downstream of the dam site,
could be represented at large by four soil types; SC/GC materials SC materials, SC/SM
materials and SM materials.
SC/GC Material
SC/GC material is widely distributed in borrow area 1, 3 and 5 in large quantities. It is
generally reddish or reddish brown in colour and has a grain size distribution with 8 to
20 percent clay content, 8 to 26 percent silt content, 13 to 60 percent sand content, 20
to 60 percent gravel content. The specific gravity of soil particles is about 2.5. It has an
average plastic properties and a plastic index of 13 to 26 percent.
The compaction of SC/GC material is very effective showing a dry density above 2 t/m3
within a range of 2 percent on either side of the optimum moisture content, that is 9.5
percent and almost near the field moisture content.
15
SC Material
SC material is widely distributed in borrow area 3 and 5. It is generally reddish brown
in colour and is composed of 8 to 25 percent of clay, 5 to 30 percent of silt, 15 to 80
percent of sand and, 5 to 50 percent of gravel content. The specific gravity of soil
particles is about 2.5. The soil is plastic with a plasticity index between 11 to 30 percent.
The compaction of se material is extremely good with a dry density of 1.8 - 2.2 t/m3
within a range of 3 percent of the optimum moisture content. The optimum moisture
content is about 11 percent and is slightly on the wet side of the field moisture
content.SC material is very impervious and the cofficient of permeability is around 10-7
cm/sec.
SC/SM and SM Material
This material is widely distributed in borrow areas 2 and 4 which consists of Aluvial
deposits. It is generally yellowish brown in colour.
They are composed of 2 to 10 percent clay, 10 to 36 percent silt, 28 to 80 percent sand
and 5 to 50 percent gravel content. The dry densities are about 1. 9 t/m3 and optimum
moisture content is about 12 %.
The coefficient of permeability is around 10-8 cm/sec and the compression tests show
an angle of internal friction of around 27 and a cohesion C1, of over 26 kpa.
Engineering Properties (Average) of Borrow Areas
BORROW
AREA
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
NO.
OF
SAMP
16
16
26
10
12
%
L.L.
%
P.L.
%
P.I.
39.48
51.5
35.28
33.87
36.63
23.54
28.72
17.03
17.69
18.39
15.94
22.78
18.45
16.18
18.24
%
O.M.C.
Bulk
Dens.
Kn/m3
M.D.D.
Kn/m3
Specific
Gravity
9.92
13.8
11.2
11. 1
12.3
22.4
21.4
21.8
21.9
22.0
20.4
18.8
19.6
19.7
19.6
2.47
2.44
2.50
2.50
2.42
K
cm/
sec
10-4
10-8
10-7
10-8
10-6
Domin.
Group
SC/GC
SC/SM
SC
SM
SC
%
Clay
%
Silt
%
Sand
%
Gravel
C1
kpa
10.01
7.02
9.02
2.01
13 .22
12.02
17.12
20.44
25.98
16.98
29.77
55.08
51.02
60.02
43.60
48.20
20.78
19.52
11.99
26.20
53.1
26
46
Shear Parameters
After testing the general engineering properties of the samples, the representative
samples were selected for the shear tests.
The compaction energy given to the samples was equivalent to 95 % of the maximum
dry density energy obtained by the standard Proctor test. Samples were tested for both
consolidated drained and unconsolidated undrained conditions.
16
The cell pressures used for each set of testings were 150, 250 and 350 kpa. The rate of
shearing was controlled in the drained tests so that the pore water pressure generated
at the bottom of the samples was less than 10% of the applied cell pressure.
Sample
No.
Borrow Area
A2
D2 / B2
T P2
HPB
LKD 4
LKD 6
1 (LB)
1 (LB)
Near 2 (LB)
3 (LB)
Near 4 (RB)
Near 4 (RB)
CD Test
UU Test
C (kpa)
O deg.
43.1
66
37.7
26.6
46.3
43
22
34
21.8
32
24
33
C (kpa)
O deg.
37*
339
19
These results are being discarded as they do not appear compatible and more tests on
samples will be done on a wide spread basis during construction.
Exploitable Volumes
Borrow
Area
Location
Topographical
Levels m.a.s.l
Dominating
Soil Group
Approximate
Exploitable
(Area km2)
Productive
Depth m
Exploitable
Volume
MCM
Natural
Degree of
Compaction
1
2
3
4
5
6
L.B.
L.B.
R.B.
R.B.
R.B.
R.B.
25-50
28.30
30-40
26-30
24-40
20
SC/GC
SC
SC,SC/GC
SM
SC, GC/SM
SC/ SM
4
2
3
2
1
1
1.5
2
2
2
2
2
6
4
6
4
2
2
85% (A2)
93.5%
(B10)
70% (HPB)
85%
85%
85%
TOTAL
24
Effective
Exploitable
Volume
(MCM)
5.1
3.74
4
3.4
1.7
1.7
19.64
Suitability as Impervious Material

Judging from the physical and mechanical characteristics of each soil type, SC/GC
material is recommended as the best suited soil to be used as earthfill in the dam,
followed by SC material and SM/GC material. Due to the relatively high dry densities
(over 18.6 kn/m3) the compressibility will be much smaller. In the compaction test, dry
density shows an increase when the compaction energy is raised to 300% of the
standard compaction energy, showing no problems due to overcompaction. And also
with an average plasticity index of 1 % all borrow material have sufficient resistance
against piping.
Total requirement of the fill could be easily met with, as more than one and a half times
the required quantity of fill material is available in borrow areas 1,3 and 5. And also
these 3 borrow areas could be classified as the best with respect to quality and economy
of haulage. Borrow area 2 and 4 could be used as standby borrow areas.
The following design parameters are adopted for left bank and right bank of the dam.
17
Optimum Moisture Content

Maximum Dry Density
Average Bulk Density
Effective Cohesion C'
Effective Angle of Friction
Undrain cohesion
Undrain Angle of Friction
Coefficient of Permeability
Unit
Left Bank +
500 m of
Right Bank
Rest of he
Right Bank
%
kN/m3
kN/m3
kpa
deg
kpa
deg
cm/s
10
19.62
22.56
15
22
5
19
10-4
11
19.62
21.58
15
22
5
19
10-7
Summary
Construction material investigations at Yan Oya valley could be summarised as
indicated below. Availability of construction material in adequate quantity, quality and
also in economic haul distances are in favour of a homogenious earthfill dam to be
constructed in Yan Oya valley at Pangurugaswewa.
Group
Symbol
Description
Permeability
when compacted
Shear Strength
when compacted
& saturated
Compressibility
when compacted
& saturated
Workability as
construction
material
SC/GC
Clayey Sand/ Gravely Sand
Impervious
Good to fair
Very Low
Very Good
SC/SM
Clayey / Silty Sand
Impervious
Good to fair
Low
Good
SC
Clayey Sand
Impervious
Good to fair
Low
Good
Matters of Special Attention

The major part of soil materials selected for impervious material will be SC/GC material
from borrow area one (for left bank and 500 m length of right bank) and SC material
from borrow area three for the rest of right bank works. In borrow area 1 the top part is
more gravely (GW) material the removal of these for other works such as road
construction around the site and use of rest of the material for the dam should be
carefully investigated. The use of power shovels or scrapers for the removal of top part
and a combination of buldozers with wheel loaders etc. for loading and dump trucks for
the transport of material were considered appropriate for the bottom part. Also as this
borrow area is located in Wahalkada settlement area, the replanting programme and
improvement to the surface drainage system must be pre-planned in parallel with the
borrow excavation.
Soil in borrow are 3 is of very low permeability and development of high pore water
pressures during construction will be imminent. As such it is necessary to have
provision for pore water dissipation in the dam body.
18
ANNEX (I-III)
Structural Features in and Around the Areas Covered by Project Related
Structures
Structural Features along the Dam Axis
During field mapping, an overturned fold was identified along the dam axis. Axis of this
structure lies towards NE direction. This fold system is dissected by an NW or N
oriented pattern of intensively jointed zones. According to field evidence in these zones
joints are closely spaced. Along these zones rock is highly tectonized (DH 24, DH 25, DH
26). These fracture zones appear to be part of a lineament. This lineament can be traced
in aerial photographs to a distance of 2-5 km. Most of the joint planes are slickensided
and shows movements on joint plain on different directions.
Orientation of foliation changes gradually from left bank to right bank. On Left bank
direction of foliation is towards NW and on Right bank direction changes towards E.
Changes of foliation direction is quite regular as can be seen from the stereograph a plot
and foliation angles change from 70 - 80 on left bank to 55 - 65 on right bank.
Two joint sets were observed at the dam site area. Joint set 1 is sub-parallel to the dam
axis and dip is at steep angles 80 - 85 towards downstream. This joint set is parallel to
above mentioned system of fracture zones. This joint set is well pronounced in the river
section about 500m below the dam axis. At various locations of the project area a
second joint set has been observed which is oblique to the fold pattern (foliation). This
joint set appears to be somewhat less pronounced. It is more prominent on right bank.
This second set though unfavorably oriented with regard to seepage under the dam due
to its tight nature and low head expected to be created by the reservoir this set will not
create a serious under seepage.
Structural Features of Spillway Area
Strike of the foliation is towards NE direction and foliation dip is about 500 - 600 and is
towards NW direction.
Two joint sets were observed. Both joint patterns dip oblique to spillway axis and
direction is towards SW and NE. Dip angle is sub vertical and joints are mainly tight or
filled with a secondary material in most cases silica / carbonate. According to field
observations during mapping, Pansalkanda Saddle between two peaks probably formed
with the influence of above fracture zone. It seems that at the lowest area of the valley
intersection of a set of closely spaced foliation joints with some fracture zone create a
deep weathered zone to a depth of 14m. This deep weathering is observed in drill hole
No. DH 31 which is located in Spillway Axis 1.
19
Structural Features along the Saddle Dams

Two drill holes (DH 28 and DH 30) have been executed on left bank at Yakinikanda hill
range which is the continuation of left bank main dam abutment. Rock encountered in
both drill holes is hard charnockitic gneiss. But two fractured or deeply weathered /
altered shear zones represented by joint set II (which is common to dam site too) are
crossing through the major hill range from upstream to downstream. These saddle
points are due to the influence of same. Deep weathering encountered along the
fracture zones. along which subsequently erosion has taken place, made the ground
elevations lower than the expected H.F.L.
Structural Features of Canal Intake and Canal Trace
Canal is connected to the reservoir by means of a short tunnel (about 78m long) driven
through Yakinikanda hill ridge. Top elevation of Yakinikanda hill is 65 m a.m.s.l. and the
connecting tunnel inlet is at an elevation around 27m. Core of this hill ridge is made up
of jointed hard charnockitic gneisses. Joints are mostly parallel to the direction of
foliation. Drill hole no. 23A and 23B are located at the beginning and end of the
connecting tunnel. Hill slopes are covered with completely weathered rock and residual
soil overlain by a boulder (talus) layer. Thickness of this layer is 2 - 4m.
Holes drilled at the peak of Yakinikanda hill and (DH 23) dam abutment show that open
joints or jointed rock with clayey material filling extends to a depth of 18 m. Due to
presence of detached or separated rock blocks tunnel intake and outlet structure have
to be supported with steel ribs during excavation period in order to ensure safe
working conditions during tunneling. After the entrance about 10 - 20m from both
ends; have to be excavated with immediate support measures and such as wire
meshing, shotcreting, rock bolting. Core of the Yakinikanda hill consist of hard rock
mass with joints filled with secondary material such as silica or calcite. This rock mass is
expected to be tight. Degree of fractuation is a function of local tectonic intensity and it
is reflected in R.Q.D. as shown in logs of drill holes. DH23, DH25A and DH23B. Ground
water seepage conditions will mainly be dry at the tunnel invert elevations (approx.
37m a.m.s.l.).
Large scale Padaviya East synformal structure crosses the entire LB canal section. Axis
of this fold is trending in NE to NNE direction. SSW plunging Kompiyantaddamoddai
Amarivayal Antiform is a small scale fold structure located just east of northern part of
the LB canal. In addition, SSW to South plunging Dotuwewahinna antoformal structure
crosses most part of RB canal.
20
ANNEX (I-IV)
Laboratory Tests Carried Out for Samples Collected from Identified Burrow Areas
All the field tests and laboratory tests, except the triaxial tests were conducted by the
staff of the material testing laboratory of the CECB at Adikarigama. The triaxial tests
were conducted at the University of Peradeniya.
The following tests for the samples from borrow areas 1 to 6 were performed.
100 Grain size distribution
95
Atterberg limits
95
Proctor Compaction
04
Initial Natural Moisture Content Tests
71
Permeability Tests (at 95 % of Heavy proctor Compaction)
06
Triaxial Drained Tests (CD)
02
Triaxial Undrained Tests (UU)
Also few field density tests were carried out using solid cone in each borrow area to
calculate the effective exploitable volumes.
Standards Used For Testing
BS 1377 (1975) - Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes
For classification of soils Unified Soil Classification System was used.
21

EIA Study Final Report
Details of Identified Burrow Areas (Refer Fig. 3.1.2.1Q for their Locations)
BORR
LOCATI
ACCESSIBILIT
OW
TOPOGRAPHY
ON
Y
AREA
OWNERSHIP
AND
LANDUSE
Down
Stream
of
Dam
Left
Bank
High ground
with level
variation
between 25msl
to 50msl
Close to
Wahalkada
town,
settlement
& School
Crown land/ private

land. About 20
Human settlements
and some part
ecualpytus
plantation. In the
selected section for
burrow pit, no
disturbances were
observed
Up
Stream
of Dam
Left
Bank
Reservoir bed
area. Flat ground
and level varies
from 28msl to 30
msl
Close to
Wahalkada
Settlement
and direct
access from
Wahalkada
Crown land
partly paddy
cultivation
Reservoir bed
Up
area. Scattered
Stream
high ground with
of Dam
flat areas
Right
between 30msl
Bank
and 40msl
Up
Stream
of Dam
Right
Bank
Reservoir bed
area closer to the
Dam.
Generally flat
land between
26msl to 30msl
Close to the
Dam. Access
is available
from
paburugaswe
wa village
Crown land small

bush jungle
with chena
cultivation.
By the side of
Mahasoroww Crown land Scattered
a and
trees &
Paburugaswe bushes
wa road.
Scattered high
Down
By the side of
ground
Stream
Mahasoroww Crown land Scattered
with flat areas
5
of Dam
a to
trees &
and level varies
Centre
Wahalkada
bushes
from 24 msl to
Right
old road
40msl
Bank
Down
By the side
stream
of
Paddy & Chena
of
Mahasoroww
6
Flat land
Cultivation
Dam
a
Right
to Wahalkada
Bank
road
More details about the burrow areas are given in Annex (I-II)
AVG.
THICKN
ESS OF
EXPLOS
IBLE
LAYER
(m)
2.5
THICK
NO.
NESS
OF
OF TOP
TES
SOIL
T
LAYER
PITS
(m)
16
10
0.2
In most
places the
top layer is
too gravally
(9W but clay
% increases
with depth)
0.2
This area is
under the
inundation
level of
average flood
2.5
26
0.1
10
0.2
12
REMARKS
Proposed
Right Bank
rock quarry
also situated
in close
proximity to
this area
0.3
This area
covers
mainly the
spillway
channel area
0.3
This is a
development
area of
existing
Mahasoroww
a Tank
22

Annex (I-V): Rock Mass Classifications Used in the Study and their Results
Table 3.1.2.3
23

24

Table: 3.1.2.3.B: Yan Oya Padaviya Agricultural Extession Project -Point Load Test
Results
Hole Depth Rock Weathering Moisture Test Diameter
Gauge
Point
No.
Type
type
Pressure
Load
Index
2
(m)
(cm)
Kg/cm
Kg/cm2
DH 27 14.32
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
220
108.84
14.44
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
240
118.73
14.50
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
230
113.79
14.68
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
220
108.84
15.36
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
240
118.73
22.43 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
22.60 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
220
108.84
22.75 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
210
103.89
22.66 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
160
79.16
2288 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
125
81.84
22.30 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
140
69.20
22.40 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
100
49.47
23.53 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
90
44.52
23.64 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
24.07 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
110
54.42
24.25 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
24.36 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
145
71.73
25.23 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
140
69.26
25.46 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
145
71.73
29.54 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
29.61 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
29.80 Q.F.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
175
86.58
15.86
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
250
123.68
DH 23
15.96
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
265
131.10
16.09
CH
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
248
122.69
16.24 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
165
91.63
DH 10
16.30 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
16.38 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
16.66 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
140
69.26
17.23 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
160
79.16
17.30 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
17.39 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
155
76.68
17.53 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
155
76.68
17.76 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
17.90 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
100
49.47
18.37 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
140
69.26
18.49 H.B.G.
Fr
Dry
D
5.4
150
74.21
U.C.S
Mpa
261.21
284.96
273.08
262.21
284.96
178.10
261.21
249.34
189.97
148.42
168.23
118.73
106.86
178.10
180.81
178.10
172.10
166.23
172.16
178.10
178.10
207.78
296.83
314.64
294.46
195.91
178.10
178.10
166.23
189.97
178.10
184.04
184.04
178.10
118.73
186.23
178.10
25

DH 11
DH 26
22.17
14.87
15.03
41.27
41.46
41.59
41.93
H.B.G.
Q.F.G.
Q.F.G.
CH
CH
CH
CH
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
Dry
H.B.G. Hornblend Biotite Gneiss

Ram Area 14.426cm2
D.F.G. Quartz Feldspar Granulites/ Quartzite
CH Charnockiten Gneiss / Charnockite
U.C.S. Uniaxial Compressive Strength
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
150
155
175
225
240
235
240
74.21
78.89
86.58
111.31
118.73
116.26
118.73
178.10
194.04
237.78
267.15
284.96
279.02
284.96
Fr Fresh Rock
D Diametral Test
Annex (I-VI): More details about the Distribution and Thickness of Soils in and
around the Project Related Structures
Distribution and Thickness of Soils along the Dam Axis
Drill holes on old axis (DHI, DH2, DH3, DH4) as well as new axis (DH 24, DH 25, DH 26,
DH 6) show a thick layer of alluvial deposits throughout the valley. Recorded maximum
thickness of the alluvial layer is 12.5m on (DH 25) on new axis and 8.75m (DH4) on old
axis. Towards both abutments thickness of alluvial layer decreases.
Based on composition, colour, grain size and bedding the alluvial material found in the
Yan Oya valley can be divided into two units. First unit is the upper layer which consists
of black or dark brown highly plastic organic clay with bands and lenses of clayey
silt/clayey sand. Organic matter is present mainly in dispersed colloidal form. At places
decomposed fibrous vegetable matter remains within organic clay (upto 5%) Light grey
or whitish concretions of silica (upto 2cm) and nodules of dark coloured ore minerals
also observed as secondary formations within this clay layer. Formation of this layer
may have taken place under conditions of stagnant water in pools within the flood plain
or by sedimentation of suspended organic matter with the detritus material over the
flood plain.
The second unit which is the lower layer, consists of bands and lenses of
undifferentiated light grey or light brown clayey silt or clayey sand or very fine sandy
silt with occasional thin bands of gravel. In comparison to first unit described above in
the lower layer content of organic matter is very much less. The upper layer is plastic
and impermeable, the lower layer is mostly permeable and none plastic or with very
low plasticity.
Hill slopes and adjacent areas of both abutments are covered with talus material which
consists of hillside waste and. debris upto a depth of 5m. Low flat topped hills are
covered with residual soils.
26

Distribution and Thickness of Soils along the Spillway Area

Along both axis of Spillway in the lower part of the valley a layer of residual soil and
completely weathered rock is overlying the bedrock layer. In addition to that a layer of 2
- 3 in thick alluvial layer was observed in test pits except in axis I. This layer extends
only upto Spillway axis II and axis III. Alluvial deposits mainly consist of organic clay,
clayey silt, silty clay or clayey sand. Presence of silica/Carbonate concretions also
observed.
Distribution and Thickness of Soils along the Canal Trace
Along the canal trace a series of test pits were executed (for logs of pit see Annex D). Soil
formation identified are alluvial soils and residual soils.
Alluvial deposits are present in ancient tank beds, stream beds and in the flood plain of
minor streams. These deposits consist of organic clay, clay silt, silty sand and medium to
coarse grained sand Thickness of this layer expected to be in the region of 0 3m.
Reddish brown or yellowish brown residual soil consist of silty clay or clayey sand and
covers most part of the area as a superficial deposit with thickness varying from 2 to
4m. At places the same layer consists of reddish brown highly quartzitic clayey gravel or
slightly clayey gravely sand with low plasticity but high permeability.
Annex -(I-VII): More Details about Leakage Conditions along Dam Axis
In the context of permeability the strata below the homogeneous dam could be divided
into two major units.
(1) Alluvial layer and insitu weathered material (residual soil and completely
weathered rock layer).
(2) Hard rock layer consist of highly weathered rock layer to fresh rock layer.
Within the first layer, constant head permeability tests conducted in all holes show a
permeability values varying from 10.3 cm/sec to 10.5 cm/sec. It is suggested to
construct a cut off trench and fill the cut off trench with suitable material in order to
reduce the permeability of the layer immediately below the dam foundation. In the hard
rock layer water pressure tests (Lugeon type) have been conducted in drill holes. Except
in the narrow jointed zones, which is related to major lineaments in other areas
(according to observations in the field as well as on the recovered core material) it
appears that all joints are filled with secondary material and therefore it is mostly tight.
But Jointed rock mass is showing a moderate permeability. Water pressure testing have
been conducted in drill holes for lengths varying from 3 - 5m. In selecting the pressure
and also for the calculations, method suggested by A.C. Holsby (in his paper Routine
Interpretation of the Lugeon Water Tests published in 1974 - Journal Engineering
Geology Vol. 9 - 1974) was taken as guide line. Testing has been done in five different
27

pressures with raising and lowering the pressures. Calculated values by direct
proportions were indicated in drill hole logs. When considering the method of selected
value for the stage under test it is suggested to be predominantly laminar flow in the
fine crack openings and in most of the cases values are less than 3 lugeons. Drill hole DH
25 is drilled through a fracture zone where R.Q.D. is between 25 - 75. At this particular
location rock is tectonized and lugeon values are between la and 15. This zone might
extent 50m to both sides from drill hole. In addition to above method for all drill holes
where water pressure tests have been conducted P. Q. graphs also were drawn and
calculated lugeon values were calculated according to this method.
With above results of water pressure testing, grouting can be limited to individual
previous zones as those intercepted in drill hole DH 24 and DH 25. Number and location
of such zones are not known whereas their orientation can be assumed as that of major
lineament. These areas should be treated with blanket grouting with holes placed in a
3m grid to cover the entire zone in cutoff trench. This zone could be identified after
excavating the cut-off trench and blanket grouting should cover a depth of 5 - 10 m
depending on the Lugeon Value. There is no necessity for curtain grouting as such due
to the reason that water pressure tests have not indicated high Lugeon Values except in
the fracture zones mentioned above. Influence by induced Hydrostatic pressure due to
construction of the reservoir which is in the region of 2 - 3 bars will not create much
problem, in the expected low yield zone below the impermeable cut of trench with
respect to the seepage and migration of particles.
Water pressure test (lugeon type) has conducted at all 4 drill holes with pressure 1, 2, 3
bars and in the reverse order. High lugeon values were obtained in the drill hole DH31
upto a depth of 10m (15 - 20 lugeons) and Upto a depth 10 to 14m (< 5 lugeons). The
prevailing discontinuity pattern i.e. foliation as well as joint sets have an unfavourable
orientation with respect to seepage below the structure in general terms.
28

Annex II: Hydrology & Hydrogeology
29

Annex II: Details of the inspected dug wells in the Yan Oya Project area.
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Coordinate Ownership
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW1
213585 E,
395404 N
Common well
DW2
213542 E,
395389 N
213507 E,
395589 N
DW4
DW5
DW3
DW6
DW7
DW8
DW9
DW10
DW11
3.90
Standing
groundwater
level(m)-bgl10/11/2011
0.5
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
2.90
Common well
4.90
0.20
3.90
Common well
5.60
0.70
4.60
213553 E,
395231 N
Common well
4.50
0.2
3.40
213555 E,
395035 N
213718 E,
393626 N
213648 E,
393406 N
213745 E,
393236 N
213765 E,
392951 N
213699 E,
392725 N
213236 E,
Common well
6.4
1.45
6.10
Common well
7.0
No water
No water
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
0.20
Dug up to moderately weathered
formation. Used for drinking and other
purposes.
Ground level Dug up to moderately weathered
formation. Not used for drinking.
0.5
Close to paddy field. Dug up to moderately
weathered formation. Used for all
purposes.
0.2
Used for drinking and other purposes.
formation.
0.65
formation. Used for all purposes.
4.5
Completely lined up to rock level.
Common well
7.40
6.75
No water
3.75
Dug up to bed rock. Seasonal well.
Common well
6.05
4,75
No water
2.70
Dug up to moderately weathered rock
Common well
6.85
4.45
6.70
0.55
Lined up to rock level.
Common well
7.65
4.45
7.35
0.2
Common well
5.5
3.5
5.3
1.20
Used for drinking. Dug up to moderately

weathered rock.
Dug up to moderately weathered rock..
30

DW12
392911 N
213424 E,
392995 N
Common well
2.75
4.70
0.2
Dug up to fractured rock.
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
No water
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
0.6
Dug up to rock level. Seasonal well.
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW13
213544 E,
392454 N
213618 E,
392261 N
213862 E,
391635 N
213922 E,
391669 N
213902 E,
391494 N
213650 E,
391633 N
214725 E,
389615 N
214825 E,
389179 N
214532 E,
389477 N
216136 E,
386679 N
Common well
4.40
Standing
groundwater
0.7
Common well
4.3
0.7
2.3
0.3
Common well
6.60
5.60
0.2
Common well
6.50
2.40
6.0
0.8
Common well
7.4
5.10
7.10
0.5
Agro well-private
1.6
4.8
0.2
Common well
7.30
1.70
0.2
Dug up to rock level. Used for drinking

and other purposes.
Abandoned well due to elephant
problems.
Dug up to moderately weathered rock.
Common well
8.30
4.7
1.8
Dug up to rock. Used for drinking.
Common well
7.2
2.5
0.2
Abandoned well. Close to paddy field.
S. Kiri Banda,
Kibulpitiyawa,
5.2
0.6
No
information
3.2
0.3

weathered rock.
DW14
DW15
DW16
DW17
DW18
DW19
DW20
DW21
DW22

purposes.
Four pumps for four houses. Used for
drinking and other purposes.
Three meters dug in rock formation.
31

DW23
216265 E,
386633 N
Gomarankadawala.
D.B. Kiri menika,
Kibulpitiyawa,
Gomarankadawala.
6.8
2.9
4.8
1.20

Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
1.5
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
0.1
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW24
216318 E,
386580 N
5.7
DW25
216335 E,
286576 N
S. Sirisena,
Kibulpitiyawa,
Gomarankadawala.
Nandasena,
Kibulpitiyawa,
Gomarankadawala.
Standing
groundwater
3.9
2.5
4.3
Ground level

formation. Used for drinking and other
purposes.
DW26
216456 E,
386877 N
6.4
5.1
0.2
1.5 meters in fractured rock formation.

DW27
216272 E,
386747 N
8.1
3.9
No water
Not for drinking.
DW28
216233 E,
386779 N
216516 E,
387039 N
210669 E,
393168 N
U.B. Chandrasena,
Kibulpitiyawa,
Gomarankadawala.
R.H Dissanayake,
Kibulpitiyawa,
Gomarankadawala.
Common well
9.2
4.9
8.6
1.1
1.3 m in fractured rock formation
Common well
6.6
2.8
0.9
Dug up to rock level. Used for drinking.
P.Karunarathna,D1,Wahalkada.
4.3
1.2
3.9
0.3
Dug up to fractured rock. Used for

drinking.
DW29A
DW29
32

DW30
DW31
DW32
210016 E,
391853 N
210425 E,
391853 N
210307 E,
393907N
Common well
4.5
2.5
4.1
0.9
Bad construction and polluted.
Agro well
5.4
3.4
0.9
Abandoned well.
Anura Jayampathi,
Wahalkada.
3.3
0.6
No
information
2
0.3
Used for drinking purposes. Close to

irrigation channel.
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
0,2
Close to irrigation channel.
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Coordinate Owership
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW33
210193 E,
393807 N
210480 E,
394134 N
210434 E,
394195 N
210467 E,
394007 N
210305 E,
393998 N
210169 E,
394006 N
205880 E,
410180 N
205852 E,
409869 N
Common well
4.8
Standing
groundwater
0.6
K.Liyasa, D-1,
Wahalkada.
U. Mali,D-1,
Wahalkada.
Private well
5.8
0.9
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
No
information
5.4
6.4
2.6
5.4
0.1
4.2
0.5
1.7
0.20
Private well
4.5
1.6
New well
Ground level
A.Wimalasena, D-2,
Wahalkada.
Private well
6.7
1.7

formation.
Located at higher elevated ground.
5.4
2.6
1.8
0.4
Not for drinking.
W.M Devid,16/38,
Jayanthipura,Padawiya
.
6.8
3.2
0.3
Dug up to rock level. Not for drinking.
DW34
DW35
DW36
DW37
DW38
DW39
DW40
Ground level
Two meters in rock formation. Not for

drinking..
Located at higher elevated ground. Used
for drinking.
Close to paddy field.
33

DW41
DW42
DW43
DW44
205874 E,
409415N
206011 E,
409360N
205777 E,
408994 N
206435 E,
409346 N
H.A Emalin,D-10,
Mitripura,Padawiya.
K.M seneviratne,
648/D10, Padawiya.
N. Liyanage,656A/D10
Mitripura, Padawiya.
H.M.Dayawathi,765,
Siwalipura, Padawiya.
6.2
1.5
4.2
0.4
Dug up to rock level. Not for drinking.
6.4
8.6
0.3
4.8
0.6
4.9
2.8
2 m in rock formation. Used for drinking

purposes.
Located close to paddy field.
Used for drinking purposes.
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
5.5
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
Ground level Agro well. Dug up to moderately
weathered rock.
0.2
Dug up to moderately weathered rock..
0.2
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW45
206812 E,
409247 N
206669 E,
408757 N
207229 E,
408841 N
206720 E,
408785 N
207341 E,
409121 N
207959 E,
409104 N
J.M.A Sanjeewa,758,
Siwalipura, Padawiya.
Private well
Standing
groundwater
2.8
4.4
0.7
W.M Somaweera,868,
Siwalipura, Padawiya
W.G. Piyadasa, 785,
Siwalipura, Padawiya
Private well
5.4
1.4
5.1
0.2
5.9
2.3
5.5
9.1
5.1
No water
3.0
A.R Kusumawathi,
LL70, Siwalipura,
Padawiya
H.G.S.Gamini,
Jayanthipura,Padawiya
7.4
6.9
0.5
6.5
1.7
5.3
0.3
DW46
DW47
DW48
DW49
DW50
DW51
207699 E,
409439 N

Not for drinking purposes.
One meter excavated in rock formation,
Not used for drinking purposes.
Unprotected. Dug up to bed rock.
Not lined. Four meters excavated in
moderately weathered formation. Used
for drinking.
Up to rock level. Used for drinking
purposes.
34

DW52
208525E,
408943 N
DW53
208977 E,
409474 N
DW54
209019 E,
408315 N
208990 E,
407600 N
DW55
.
RJMD Jayasuriya,
Weliela, Daluggala,
Mahasenpura.
4.4
0.4
Ground level

purposes.
KMN Kulatunge,
Daluggala,
Mahasenpura
Private well
7.4
3.3
6.3
0.3
Three meters excavated in rock

formation. Used for drinking purposes.
2.4
No water
0.3
S.K Kumari,909,
Daluggala,Mahasenpur
a.
2.3
1.1
Unprotected. Not used for drinking

purposes.
purposes.
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
No water
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
0.6
One meter excavated in rock formation.
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW56
209992 E,
406901 N
DW57
209126 E,
406184 N
8.1
3.6
7.5
1.1

DW58
210752 E,
388225 N
210735 E,
388525 N
210597 E,
JMB Manike,
a
SB Puspa Kanthi,1213,
a
PW Jayatissa,
Kapugollewa.
Private well
Standing
groundwater
1.6
8.1
5.9
6.4
0,1
6.2
No water

Dug up to bed rock.
KG Jayalath,
0.1
Used for drinking purposes.
DW59
DW 60
35

DW61
DW62
DW63
DW64
DW65
DW66
DW67
388521 N
210546 E,
389293 N
210446 E,
389281 N
210844 E,
389467 N
210879 E,
389974 N
210655 E,
389657 N
209566 E,
390268 N
209124 E,
390332 N
Kapugollewa.
Wijeratne,
Kapugollewa.
6.1
2.6
5.1
0.9
Dug up to rock leve.Used for drinking

purposes.
Abandoned well.
5.5
T. Jayatissa,
Kapugollewa
B Pereis, Kapugollewa
8.7
5.1
Ground level
6.3
3.3
4.7
0.3
H. Weela, Kapugollewa
5.9
3.9
0.9
Agro well
0.8
0.3
U.B Dasanayake,
Puhudiula,Kapugollew
a.
5.6
2.4
3.2
0.2

formation.
Agro well. Dug up to moderately
weathered formation
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
No water
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
1.0
Within paddy field. Not used for drinking.
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DW68
208602 E,
388032 N
3.2
DW69
208739 E,
388284 N
209000 E,
388762 N
G. Kumari,
Alapaththewa,Pahaladi
ulwewa.
Common well
Standing
groundwater
1.9
0.4
Ground level
H. Mahindapala,
Alapaththewa
8.2
2.9
7.9
0.2
DW70

weathered rock.
Used for drinking.
36

DW71
209067 E,
389783 N
DW 72
208817 E,
390639 N
DW73
209621 E,
390991 N
210286 E,
397996 N
210198 E,
397735 N
210037 E,
397333 N
207757 E,
397356 N
208476 E,
396277 N
DW74
DW75A
DW75
DW76
DW77A
A.M Sunil,
Pahaladiulwewa,Kapug
ollewa.
Aberathna, Pahaladiulwewa,Kapugollewa
.
KD Jagath,Puhudiula,
Kabilithigollewa
Common well
4.5
2.5
Ground level
Dug up to rock level. Not used for

drinking.
5.8
1.7
3.8
0.7
Used for drinking and agricultural

purposes (dry period).
4.3
2.5
0.2
8.2
3.1
5.4
0.9
Common well
5.1
1.1
4.6
0.9
D-8 School
5.8
0.4
4.8
0.1
Within highly weathered formation. Not

used for drinking purposes.
Abandoned well due to terrorist activities.
Up to moderately weathered formation.
Abandoned well due to terrorist activities.
Within highly weathered formation.
Used for all purposes.
A Karunadasa, D-6,
Wahalkada.
A Amasena, D-5,
Wahalkada.
4.4
1.6
0.2
4.8
0.8
3.8
0.5
Groundwate
r level in dry
period
(m)-bgl
3.6
Groundwate Remark
r level in wet
period
(m)-bgl
0.2
Used for drinking. Not dug up to
moderately weathered formation.
0.2
Agro well. Dug up to moderately
weathered formation
0.6
Up to bed rock. Used for drinking.

purposes.
formation. Used for drinking.
Annex II(continue)
Well
number
GPS
Location/
Well
depth(m
)-bgl
DA77
207835E,
396344 N
209022 E,
396230 N
208627 E,
3.8
Standing
groundwater
0.5
4.1
0.8
2.4
6.1
3.2
DW78
DW79
PJ Kumari,D-5,
Wahalkada.
R Ayttanayake,D-5,
Wahalkada.
Common well
37

DW80
DW81
DW82
DW84
DW85
396118 N
208791E,
395880 N
209208 E,
395223 N
209151 E,
394908 N
209097 E,
392525 N
210286 E,
397996 N
WK Gunasinghe, D-5,
Wahalkada.
D Senanayake, D-4,
Wahalkada.
A.S Bodinayake,D-4,
Wahalkada..
Private well
5.3
1.4
4.3
0.2
Up to bed rock. Used for drinking.
3.3
0.3
3.1
0.1
3.7
0.9
2.8
0.4
Close to paddy field. Not used for

drinking.
Dug up to rock level. Used for drinking.
4.70
No water
Ground level
J Dhanapala, D-1,
Wahalkada,
6.2
1.9
4.2
Within highly weathered formation. Not

used for drinking purposes.
Water used for drinking and agricultural
purposes.
38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

Annex III: Sociology
46

Annex III-Details of affected families (in inundation area)

List of -Dwellers who will be totally affected due to inundation of dwellings and agricultural lands.
District Trincomalai , D.S.Division Gomarankadawela , G.N.Division 223 A Pamburugaswewa, Village
-Mahasorowwa
Serial Name of Head of House

No.
Hold
Family Main
Irrigation
size
Occupation System
Land Within Inundation area

Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
T.B.Duminda Ranganath
S.P.D.Premalatha
03
02
Farming
Laborer
03
2+1
LDO Permit
LDO+ Encroached
0.5
01
LDO Permit
LDO Permit
03
Laxman Piyatunga
03
Farming
2+8
LDO + Encroached
01
LDO Permit
04
05
06
07
09
10
11
12
13
14
S.P.Nanadawathi Kusumalatha
S,Nilanthi Siriwardana
S.P.Pathmasiri
S.P.Rathnayaka
S.P.Nalini Keerthirathna
S.P.Keerthirathna
W.M.P.L.Disanayaka
S.Gunawardana
A.M.S.K.Abesingha
H.Darmadasa
04
03
01
01
03
03
01
05
05
02
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Govt.Sector
Farming
02
02
02
02
02
05
02
02
02
3+3
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
LDO Permit
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
0.5
01
0.5
01
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
01
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
15
16
17
18
19
20
W.P.Ariyadasa
S.P.Rupasingha
W.P.Nimal Rathnayaka
H.Beebinona
W.P.Nirosha Priyadarshini
S.P.Gunaseekara
04
02
04
01
04
02
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Privt.Sector
Farming
2.5
02
02
02
02
2+3
0.5
01
01
01
02
01
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
Free hold
LOD Permit
Free hold
21
K.M.Daramadasa
05
Farming
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Free hold
LOD Permit
Free hold
+Encroached
Free hold
1.5
Encroached
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa+
Hapatiyawa
Mahasorowwa+
Rain Fed
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa+Rain
Fed
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Rain Fed
Mahasorowwa
02
47

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
K.M.S.L.Piyatunga
M.G.Ajith Jayasingha
S.Lasantha Suraweera
S.P.Gunarathna
S.P.Upali Dayanada
P.A.A.Nanda Kumara
S.P.Nanda Dayawathi
M.G.Ajith Jayasingha
S.P.Siriseena
03
06
04
06
02
06
01
06
04
Govt.Sector
Farming
Govt.Sector
Farming
Farming
Faming
Farming
Farming
Farming
31
S.P.R.Rupasingha
06
Farming
32
33
D.Wilson Jayawardana
Anusha Udayangani
03
03
Farming
Farming
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Rain Fed
Mahasorowwa+
Rain Fed
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
02
03
02
05
02
04
02
02
2+6
LOD permit
Freeholder
LDO Permit
Freeholder
Encroached
Freeholder
Encroached
Free hold
Encroached
1.5
02
0.5
01
01
01
01
02
02
LOD permit
Freeholder
LDO Permit
Freeholder
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
LDO Permit
2+3
Encroached
02
LDO Permit
01
01
LDO Permit
LDO Permit
04
04
LDO Permit
LDO Permit
District Trincomalai, D.S.Division- Gomarankadawala, G.N.Division 223 A Pamburugaswewa, Village - Pamburugaswewa
Family Main
Irrigation System
No.
Hold
size
Occupation
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend Ownership
Extend
Ownership
01
02
K.Y.Sarath Gamini Vithana

B.Kiribanda
04
02
Farming
Farming
03
S.P.Attanayaka
05
Farming
04
05
06
07
08
J.Lional Siritunga
Shelton Gunarathna
U.Gunaseekara
Dikson Gunaseekara
K.Sintha
04
03
02
01
02
Govt.
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
Mahasorowwa/
Dikwewa
Mahasorowwa/
Hapatiyawa
Pamburugaswewa
Mahasorowwa
Pamburugaswewa/Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa/
02
4+4
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
02
02
Encroached
LOD Permit
2+2
LOD Permit
02
LOD Permit
02
02
01
02
04
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Free hold
0.5
0.5
01
01
0.5
LOD Permit
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
48

Puliyankulama
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
S.P.N.S.Jayaseekara
S.R.Jayaseekara
G.Darmaseena
D.Karunawathi
M.Rupalatha
S.Premalatha
R.G.Premasiri
02
04
03
02
04
03
05
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Pamburugaswwa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Pamburugaswewa/Mahasorowwa
02
02
0.5+1
2.5
2.5
2.5
03
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
0.5
0.5
0.5
01
01
0.5
01
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
Encroached
LOD Permit
16
17
18
19
M.Seelawathi
J.G.Kulatunga
P.Rani
M.Chandradasa
01
04
02
06
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Dikwewa/Mahasorwwa+Rain Fed
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa+Rain Fed
Dikwewa
2+2+4
02
3+2
10
Encroached
LOD Permit
LOD+Encroched
Leased
2+1
01
0.5
06
LOD Permit
Free hold
LOD Permit
LOD Permit

No.
Hold
Family Main
Irrigation System
size
Occupation
Lands Within Inundation area

Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend Ownership
Extend Ownership
20
21
23
24
U.Beebi
R.M.Saththya Seethan
R.M.Sriyani Mangalika
K.Jayasundara
01
02
02
04
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa/
Puliyankulama
02
2+6
02
06
Freeholder
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
0.5
01
0.5
02
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
25
B.Seelawathi
02
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
3+2
01
LOD Permit
26
27
28
29
30
R.G.Kumarasiri
R.G.Saman Sangeewa
M.Jayasooriya
L.B.Saman Wimalarathna
Sunil Gunawardana
05
03
02
03
03
Business
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Private
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
08
02
3+2
03
04
LOD+
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
Encroached
Encroached
01
0.5
01
0.5
01
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
Leased
Encroached
Leased
31
32
33
R.G.Chandrawathi
M.Dinapala
S.Piyatissa
05
02
02
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
02
04
10
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
01
01
0.5
Encroached
Leased
Private Own
49

34
35
36
D.C.Seenadeera
U.Beebi
S.Saththyawardana
03
01
04
Farming
Farming
Farming
02
02
2+4+4
Encroached
Private Own
Encroached
01
0.5
0.5
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Farming
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa/
Puliyankulama+Rain Fed
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
37
38
R.M.Sriyani Mangalika
B.Seelawathi
02
02
02
3+2
0.5
01
Encroached
LOD Permit
Business
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
08
3+2
Encroached
LOD+
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
39
40
R.G.Kumarasiri
M.Jayasooriya
05
02
01
01
LOD Permit
Leased
Dwellers who will be affected due to inundation of paddy lands only

District Trincomalai, D.S.Division- Gomarankadawala, G.N.Division 223 A Pamburugaswewa, Village - Pamburugaswewa
Serial
No.
Name of Head of House Hold
Family
size
Main
Occupation
Irrigation System
01
02
03
B.Mahinda Wijeepala
M.Sooraseena
S.Saththyawardana
03
06
04
Farming
Farming
Farming
04
05
06
07
08
09
A.Susantha
B.Alesingho
R.G.Saman Sangeewa
R.M.C.K.Rathnayaka
S.P.Lal Gunathilaka
B.Sudath Raveendra
06
06
03
02
04
05
Farming
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Pamburugaswewa
Mahasorowwa
Pamburugaswewa/
Puliyankulama+Rain
Fed
Puliyankulama
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Pamburugaswewa
Mahasorowwa
Mahasorowwa
Lands Within Inundation area

Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend
Ownership
02
Encroached
06
Encroached
2+4+4
Encroached
-
04
04
02
02
12
03
LOD Permit
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
50

List of -Dwellers who will be totally affected due to inundation of dwellings and agricultural lands District Trincomale ,
Serial
No.
D.S.Division-Gomarankadawela, G.N.Division Pamburugaswewa, Village - Peththawawewa

Irrigation System
Name of Head of
Family Main
House Hold
size
Occupation
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
Priyantha Rajakaruna
J.Rajakaruna
R.Sisira Premarathna
S.Puspha Kumara
R.Upathissa
S.Wasanthi
S.Yasohamy
J.Anil Munasingha
R.Jayasingha
02
06
05
06
03
02
03
03
03
Govt.
Farming
Govt.
Govt.
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
Peththawawewa
O2
1.5+3
02
05
02
01
02
02
11
Encroached
Free holder + Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
01
03+02
02
1.5
01
03
05
02
03
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Serial
No.
District Tricomalei , D.S.Division- Gomarankadawela, G.N.Division Gomarankadawela, Village - Dikwewa

Name of Head of
Family Main
Irrigation System
House Hold
size
Occupation
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
03
04
05
06
R.Bisomenike
J.Siril Kumarathunga
H.Ranaweera
K.Sarath Wimalasiri
R.M.A Dammika
H.P.Nimal Jayaneththi
04
05
05
05
03
04
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Kimbupatiyawawewa
Dikwewa
Dikwewa
Dikwewa
Dikwwa
Dikwewa
01
04
04
02
03
02
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
0.5
01
01
02
01
01
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
51


Serial
No.
Name of Head of
House Hold
Family
size
Main
Occupation
Irrigation System

Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
03
DM.Sumith Seenadeera
J.Mahinda Kumara
S.P.Swarna Kusumalatha
06
03
02
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Mahasorowwa
Puliyankulama
Dikwewa
03
03
02
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
1.5
0.5
01
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit
Serial
No.
Tricomalei , D.S.Division- Gomarankadawela, G.N.Division Gomarankadawela, Village - Kumbukwewa

Name of Head of
Family Main
Irrigation System
House Hold
size
Occupation
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
03
K.Rathnawathi
S.P.Jayathilaka
R.P.Ariyawathi
01
05
07
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Kumbukwewa
Mahasorowwa+Dikwewa
Mahasorowwa/Hapatiyawa
02
08
10
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
0.5
01
1+3
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
A.M.Jayasooriya
H.G.Palitha
R.M.Janaka Sanjeewa
A.M.Saman Kumara
R.A.Senavirathna Banda
A.M.Ruvan Kumara
S.P.Saman Weerasingha
K.Tikirimanika
K.Jayakody
M.Sameel
K.D.Sumith Kumara
03T.G.Nimal Wijetunga
03
03
07
03
02
03
03
04
02
02
03
04
Farming
Laborer
Laborer
Govt.
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Kumbukwewa+Mahasorowwa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
02
02
02
02
3.5
02
02
02
02
01
03
04
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit i
Encroached
Freeholder
01
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
01
01
01
1.5
01
01
01
Encroached
Encroached
LOD+
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Jayaboomi
Encroached
Encroached
52

16
S.P.Kamalawathi
04
Farming
Mahasorowwa
4+4
02
Encroached
08
LOD Permit +
Encroached
Encroached
17
K.D.Sunil Ekanayaka
07
For.Emp.
Kumbukwewa
01
Encroached
18
S.P.A.P.Rathnaaka
02
Govt.
Mahasorowwa
02
Encroached
01
Encroached
19
S.P.Rathnayaka
04
Farming
Mahasorowwa
02
Encroached
01
Free holder
20
A.G.Niwton Perera
05
For.Emp.
Kumbukwewa
06
Encroached
0.5
Encroached

District- Trincomalei , D.S.Division- Gomarankadawewela, G.N.Division Pamburugaswewa, Village - Kumbukwewa
Serial Name of Head of House Hold Family Main
Irrigation
No.
size
Occupation System
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend
Ownership
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
Kamalawathi Marasingha
R.G.Anura
R.G.Sakunthala Rajapaksa
A.G.Premananada
S.Siril Jayarathna
A.Ruvina
S.Saman Thilakarathna
G.Mithrapala
01
05
05
01
02
02
03
05
For.Emp.
For.Emp
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Farming
Govt.
Farming
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Pamburugaswewa
Kumbukwewa
Hapatiyawewa
Kumbukwewa
Kumbukwewa
Pamburugaswew+
Hapetiyawawa
05
02
06
02
02
02
03
02
Private Own
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
Private Own
Private Own
Encroached
District Anuradhapura, D.S.Division- Horowpathana, G.N.Division Marandamaduwa, Village - Mawathawewa
Serial Name of Head of
Family Main
Irrigation System
No.
House Hold
size
Occupation
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
H.Weela
U.G.Ariyawathi
05
04
Farming
Farming
Mawathawewa
Mawatahwewa+
Rain Water
2+5
4+3
Freeholder +Encroached
LOD Permit +
Encroached
1.5
2.5
Encroached
LOD Permit
53

03
04
S.W.Sisira Kumara
S.Nimal Premarathna
04
04
Govt.
Farming
Mawathawewa
Mawathawewa
12.5
2+10+4
05
P,N,Karunarathna
05
Govt.
5+3
06
U.Ukkumanike
04
Farming
Mawatahwewa+
Rain Water
Mawathawewa
07
S.Piyathilaka
04
Farming
Mawatahwewa
3.5
08
S.Chandrathilaka
04
Farming
Mawathawewa
13.5+06
09
M.Aberathna
04
Farming
Mawathawewa
2+2
10
11
W.R.Munidassa
B.Bandiya
03
04
Farming
Farming
02
04
12
E.M.J.A.Bandara
03
Govt.
Mawathawewa
Maradamadu
Vanela+Mawathawewa
Mawathawewa
13
W.S.Vishaka Jayalath
02
Business
Mawathawewa
2+2
14
15
W.D.Rukmani Jayalath
M.G.Somasiri
01
06
Farming
Farming
Mawathwewa
Mawathawewa
04
1+2+6
13+12+12
2+2
LOD Permit
Freeholder + LOD Permit
+Encroached
i
+Encroached
LOD Permit
04
2+2+3
03
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
+Encroached
Swarnaboomi
+Encroached
Freeholder + LOD
Permit +Encroached
LOD Permit
+Encroached
Swarnaboomi
+Encroached
Encroached
LOD Permit i
+Encroached
LOD Permit +
Swarnaboomi
Encroached
Swarnaboomi
3+4
1.5
2+6
Encroached
Encroached
Jayaboomi+
Encroached
Jayaboomi+
Encroached
Encroached
Encroached
03
Encroached
02
Encroached
01
02
Encroached
LOD Permit
1+4
4+8+6
1+3
Continue
Serial
No.
16
17
District Anuradhapura, D.S.Division- Horowpathana, G.N.Division Marandamaduwa, Village Mawathawewa

Name of Head of
Family
Main
Irrigation System
House Hold
size
Occupation
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend
Ownership
Mawathawewa
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
K.Nimal Somarathna
04
Laborer
02
1.5
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
H.C.P.Kaldera
03
Farming
Mawathwewa
05
1.5
54

18
P.N.Ranaweera
03
Govt.
Mawathawewa+Rain Fed
8.5+1.5
19
L.Jayaweera
04
Farming
Mawathawewa
03
20
B.Peiris
05
Farming
Mawathawewa+Rain Fed
1+20
LOD Permit i+
Encroached
Temporary
Permit
Freeholder
02
Encroached
03
Temporary
Permit
05
Encroached
02
04
4.5
03
10
Encroached
Encroached
15
Freeholder
01
LOD Permit
+Jayaboomi

01
02
03
04
05
L.Wickramasingha
G.Suneethra Irangani
T.Rangith Senarathna
K.Milton Karunarathna
B.Samarawickrama
03
02
04
04
05
Farming
Farming
Govt.
Govt.
Farming
Mawathawewa
06
T.Karunarathna
05
Farming
Mawathawewa
+Rain Fed
2+48
07
Y.Alwies
02
Farming
Mawathawewa
O5
01
02
03
G.Raveendra Mal
R.D.Siriwardana
Y.Laxman Jayakody
03
05
03
Govt.
Govt,
Govt.
Mawatahwewa
04
05
Y.Sunil Shantha
T.Wansawathi
04
02
Govt.
Farming
Mawatahwewa
Mawathawewa
Mawathawewa
Mawathawewa
Mawathawewa+
Rain Fed
03
05
22
04
2+9
Encroached
Encroached
Freeholder
LOD permit
Private Own+
Encroached
Freeholder +
Encroached
LOD Permit
Freeholder
LOD Permit
Freeholder
Dwellers who will be affected due to inundation of dwellings and home gardens only.
Mawathawewa
Mawathawewa
Mawatahwewa
01
02
02
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
02
01
LOD Permit
Freeholder
Freeholder
55

Serial
No.
District Anuradhapura, D.S.Division- Horowpathana, G.N.Division Pahala Diwelwewa, Village - Phwudulwewa

Name of Head of
Family Main
Irrigation
House Hold
size
Occupation System
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend
Ownership
01
P.Jayatissa Peiris
05
Farming
02
P.Thusara
04
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
W.S.S.Jayawimala
S.Lalsiri
U.B.Samaranayaka
U.B.Siriseena
K.Premachandra
S.Rohitha
Samaranayaka
U.Podiappuhamy
A.M.Sunil
M.Wipula Keerthi
U.B.Rathnayaka
U.B.Sumanawathi
P.Senawirathna
K.D.R.K.Rodrigo
D.Piyasiri Dasanayaka
17
3+20
Farming
Puhudulwewa+
Rain fed
Puhudulwewa
2+9
04
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Encroachment
02
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Encroachment
03
03
03
02
02
03
Govt.
Govt.
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
02
02
3+2.5
05
07
02
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD+ Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
0.5
01
3
02
07
0.5
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
02
08
07
05
02
02
04
05
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Farming
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa
Alapathwewa+
Puhudulwewa
Puhudulwewa+
Rain fed
Puhudulwewa
10
12
02
02
04
10
09
2+4+4
03
02
01
01
02
02
02
01
LOD Permit
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD Permit
Encroachment
02
Encroachment
02
LOD Permit + Encroached

Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD Permit
Free holder+ Leased
Encroachment
LOD Permit
+Encroachment
Encroachment
K.D.J.Wickramasingha
04
Farming
18
A.M.J. Amarako0nn
03
Govt.
1.5
Encroachment
19
A.M.Selton05
05
Farming
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Alapathwewa+
Puhudulwewa
06
Encroachment
2+1
04
LOD Permit
02
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
LOD Permit
20
S.Somasiri
03
Farming
2+10
56

Continue
Serial
No.
District Anuradhapura, D.S.Division- Horowpathana, G.N.Division Marandamaduwa, Village - Mawathawewa

Name of Head of House
Family Main
Irrigation
Hold
size
Occupation System
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend
Ownership
Extend
Ownership
21
P.Sunil Patmasiri
04
Farming
22
23
S.S.A.Pathmasiri
P.Jayathissa
02
03
Farming
Farming
24
25
R.G.K.Rajapaksha
P.Ruban Peiris
03
04
Farming
Farming
26
P.Nimal Jayasiri
04
Farming
27
28
H.K.Ajith Kumara
P.Anulawathi
03
02
Farming
Farming
29
U.B.Dasanayaka
02
Farming
30
A.M.Aberathna
02
Farming
31
J.B.Chaminda Rohan
03
Private
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Phudwlwewa
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Phudwlwewa
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Phudwlwewa
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Phudwulwewa+
Rain fed
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Dwulwewa
04+15
2+2
05
30
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Temporary permit +
Encroachment
Encroached
Encroachment
02
07
LOD Permit
+Encroched
LOD Permit
LOD Permit
2+20
LOD+ Encroached
2+2
LOD Permit
6+39
LOD+ Encroached
1+2
LOD Permit
07
Encroached
2+3
LOD+ Encroached
02
5+3
1.5
4+16
5+15
02
1+2
0.5
2+2
0.5+4.5
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD Permit +
Encroachment
Encroachment
LOD Permit

32
M.Ariyarathna
02
Farming
33
34
A.Pawan Kumara
A.M.Nimal Aberathna
02
03
Farming
Farming
Phudiwlwewa+
Rain fed
Phudiwlwewa+
Phudiwlwewa+
2+8
LOD+ Encroached
06
02
LOD Permit
Encroached
57

Serial
No.
District Anuradapurai , D.S.Division- Horowpathana, G.N.Division Pahala Duwlwewa, Village - Alapathwewa

Name of Head of
Family Main
Irrigation
House Hold
size
Occupation System
Paddy Land (Ac)
Up lands(Ac)
Extend Ownership
Extend Ownership
01
02
03
G.Anurudda Jayalath
R.M.Wijerathna
R.M.Mudiyanse
05
05
08
Farming
Farming
Farming
04
M.Pathmawathi
07
Farming
05
06
07
H.Mahindapala
M.Premachandra
P.B.Mudalihamy
07
02
07
Farming
Farming
Farming
08
A.Gamini Sarath
04
Farming
Alapathwewa
Alapathwewa
Alapathwewa+
Rain Fed
Alapathwewa+Rain
Fed
Alapathwewa
Alapathwewa
Alapathwewa+Rain
Fed
Alapathwewa
2.5
1.5
1.5+1.5
Encroached
Encroached
Freeholder+ Encroached
0.5
02
1+2
LOD permit
Encroached
Free hold+ Encroached
1+3
Freeholder + Encroached
1+1
Freeholder+ Encroached
05
02
1+4
Encroached
Freeholder
Leased+ Encroached
03
0.5
2+2
Encroached
Freeholder
Leased+ Encroached
0.5
Encroached
04
Encroached

09
10
A.Jayathilaka
D.J.Darmapala
02
04
Farming
Farming
Alapathwewa
Alapathwewa
02
3.5
Encroached
Encroached
58

Annex IV: Air Quality, Noise & Vibration
59

Annex - IV
Dust Measurement Report
01. Sample and Analytical Method
Parameter
Method
Equipment
Pm10
High volume sampling and

gravimetric
High volume air sampler

(Envirotech APM 460 NL)
02. Sample Collected Locations

Location
Description of Location
No
D1
Mahasorow Wewa Village in

proposed reservoir
construction area
D2
About 50m outside from the

canal path and closed to CRCP
stors, Wahalkada D1
GPS
Location
Date & Time of

sampling
Weather
condition
213557 E
395202 N
From 8.00am,
10th Nov to 6.00
am, 11th Nov
Dry weather and

calm wind
210369 E
393939 N
From 9.30am,
12th Nov to
6.30am, 13th
Nov
Dry weather and

calm wind
03. Results
Location
Duration of sampling (hr)
Concentration (g/m3)
D1
D2
22
21
29
48
04. CEA Regulation

According to the National Environmental Ambient Air Quality regulations gazette in gazette
extraordinary No. 1562/22 dated on 15th August 2008 under the National Environmental acts.
No. 47 of 1980 following is the maximum permissible level for PM10
parameter
Period(hr)
Maximum permissible
level(g/m3)
Particular Matter less than 10m

(PM10)
24
100
05. Conclusion
Results obtained from two sampling locations are well below the National Environmental
Regulations.
60

Annex - IV
Results of Existing Noise Levels around the proposed Yan Oya Reservoir project site
The measured existing noise levels are given in Table 1
Table 1: Results of Noise Measurements
Location
GPS Co-ordinates
Measured noise level

during day time In LAeq,T
(dB(A))
N1
210369E, 393939N
50
47
N2
208698E, 396259N
47
47
N3
209100E, 403497N
45
46
N4
209082E, 207624N
46
47
N5
207417E, 409365N
48
48
Details of Noise Meter:Model

Type
Pre-measurement calibration
Post-measurement calibration
Time interval
Frequency weighting
Time response
Measured noise level

during Night time in
LAeq,T (dB(A))
RION NL-22
Type 2
94
94
15 minutes
A
Fast
Operational Noise Guidelines

According to the National Environmental (Noise Control) Regulation No.01 of 1996
Extraordinary Gazette No. 924/12, 1996 the maximum permissible noise level at the boundaries
in LAeq,T as follows,
Day Time LAeqT
Night Time LAeqT
Area
dB(A)
dB(A)
High Noise
70
60
Medium Noise
63
50
Low Noise
55
45
Silent Zone
50
45
High Noise Area means any export processing zone established by the BOI or industrial
estates approved under Part IV C of the NEA
Medium Noise Area means an area located within any Municipal Council area & Urban
Council area
Low Noise Area means an area located within any pradeshiya sabha area.
61

Silence Zone means the area covered by distance of 100 meters from the boundary of a
courthouse, hospital, public library, school, Zoo, scared areas and areas set part for recreation or
environmental purposes.
** Day time and Night time are 06 00h to 18 00h and 18 00h to 06 00h with respectively for
above areas.
Maximum permissible noise levels in at boundaries of the land in which the source is located in
LAeq,T , for construction activities.
Day Time
Night Time
75 dB (A)
50 dB(A)
** Day time and Night time are 06 00h to 21 00h and 21 00h to 06 00h with respectively for
construction activities.
62

Annex - IV
CENTRAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY
Pollution Control Division
PROPOSED AIR-BLAST OVER PRESSURE AND GROUND

VIBRATION STANDARDS FOR SRI LANKA
1.
Building Classification
Before introducing the vibration standards for the operation of machinery
blasting activities, construction activities & vehicle movements, it is necessary
classify the building structure as the vibration affects in accordance with the
nature of the nearby structure. Building that have been built-up in Sri Lanka
could be categorized into the following categories in accordance with the ISO
4866:1990 (E) standards. Please note that the following categorization of
buildings has been adopted in introducing the vibration standards for all cases.
However it is noteworthy to mention here that even though the classification of
buildings given by the International Standards are almost the same, the same
categories have been divided into sub categories to suit the Sri Lankan situation.
Table 1.1: Categorization of structures according to the type of building

(from ISO-4866: 1990E)
Category of the structure of the building
Resistance to
the vibration
decreasing
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Descriptio
n
Multi storey buildings of reinforced concrete
or structural steel, with in filling panels of
block work, brick work or precast units not
designed to resist earthquakes
Two-storey domestic houses & buildings

constructed of reinforced block work,
precast units, and with reinforced floor &
roof construction, or wholly of reinforced
concepts or similar, not designed to resist
Single
and two-storey houses & buildings
earthquakes.
made of lighter construction, using
lightweight materials such as bricks, cement
blocks etc,
not designed to resist earthquakes
63

Type 4
2.
Structures that, because of their sensitivity

to vibration, do not correspond to those
listed above 1,2 & 3, & declared as
archeologically preserved structures by the
Department of Archaeology
Interim Standards for Vibration Control
Table 2.1: Interim Standards for vibration of the Operation of Machinery, Construction
Activities and Vehicle Movements Traffic
Category of the
structure as given
in Table 1.1
Type of Vibration
Continuous
Type 1
Intermittent
Continuous
Type 2
Intermittent
Continuous
Type 3
Intermittent
Continuous
Type 4
Intermittent
Frequency
of Vibration
(Hz)
0 10
10-50
Over 50
0 10
10 50
Over 50
0 -10
10-50
Over 50
0 10
10 50
Over 50
0 -10
10 - 50
Over 50
0 - 10
10 50
Over 50
0 - 10
10 50
Over 50
0 10
10 - 50
Over 50
Vibration in PPV
(mm/Sec.)
5.0
7.5
15.0
10.0
15.0
30.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
4.0
8.0
16.0
1.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
8.0
0.25
0.5
1.0
0.5
1.0
2.0
Notes
1. Please see separate measurement methods
2. The values given above are in such a way that minor damage is unlikely as the nearby
house/building
64

Table 2.2: Interim Standards on Air Blast Over Pressure and Ground Vibration for
Blasting Activities
Category of the
structure as
given in Table
Type
1.1 1
Type of
Vibration
Type of Blasting
Impulsive
Type 2
Impulsive
Type 3
Impulsive
Type 4
Impulsive
Single bore hole

Multi bore
hole with
delay
Single
detonators
bore hole
Multi bore
hole with
delay
Single
detonators
bore hole
Multi bore
hole with
delay
Single
bore hole
detonators
Multi bore
hole with
delay
detonators
Ground
Vibration in
PPV
8.0
(mm/sec.)
10.0
Air blast over

Pressure (dB (L)
6.0
7.0
105
11.5
4.0
5.0
115
120
0.5
0.75
95
100
105
115
Note
1 Please see separate measuring methods
2 The values given above in such a way that minor damage to unlikely to occur at the
nearby house/building
3.
Standards for the inconvenience of the occupants in buildings

The frequency response of vibration of the human body is complex as explained
in chapter 6. However, approximate response curves (basic curve) for Z axis are
given in BS 6472: 1992. These are given in terms of base curves, which may be
close to the threshold of perception for majority of people.
Table3.1: Base curve in relation to preparing of interim vibration for the in

convenience of the occupants in building taken from BS 6472: 1992
Frequency Hz
1
1.25
1.6
2.0
2.5
3.15
4.00
5.00
6.30
8.00
10.00
12.50
PPV (mm/sec)
2.25
1.61
1.11
0.296
0.569
0.402
0.281
0.225
0.179
65

16.00
20.00
25.00
31.00
40.00
50.00
63.00
Table 3.2: Multiplying factors use to specify magnitudes of building vibration with
respect to human resource using the base curve in Table 3.1
Place
Time
Multiplying factors
Continuous vibration
(day time and night
time)*
Impulsive vibration
(max. of three
occurrence per day
Day
Night
Day
Night
6
2
40
10
20
5
Office
Day
Night
6
6
80
80
30
30
Workshop
Day
Night
8
8
100
100
50
50
Critical working areas

(e.g. hospital
operating theatres,
precision laboratories
Residential
Intermittent
vibration
Note: * day time from 0600h to 1800h night time from 1800h to 0600h
Table 3.3: Interim standards on vibration for the inconvenience of the occupants
in buildings
Place
Time
Multiplying factors
Continuous vibration
(day time and night
time)*
Critical working
areas
Residential
Office
Workshop
Day &
Night
Day
Night
Day &
Night
Day &
Night
Impulsive vibration
(max. of three
occurrences per day
Intermitted
vibration
0.141
0.141
0.141
0.705
0.282
0.846
5.640
1.410
11.280
2.820
0.705
4.230
1.41
1.41
7.05
Note * day time from 0600 to 1800h night time from 1800h to 0600h
All values are frequency weighted to vertical axis
66

Annex V: Flora & Fauna Ecology
67

Annex V:
Table 1. Plant species recorded from plot numbers 1-12 and Bambarakanda forest during the
field survey in undisturbed dry-mixed evergreen forest habitats in the Yan Oya reservoir project
area. Plant family, species name, local name, habit (HA) (C - Climber or Creeper, T Tree; S
Shrub; H Herbaceous), the taxonomic status TS (N Indigenous; E Endemic; I Introduced
and naturalized) and Conservation Status CS (EN- Endangered, VU- Vulnerable).
Family
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Species
Lannea
coromandelica
Miliusa indica
Polyalthia coffeoides
Polyalthia korinti
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Bignoniaceae
Carissa spinarum
Wrightia angustifolia
Stereospermum colais
Boraginaceae
Carmona retusa
Capparaceae
Celastraceae
Capparis zeylanica
Pleurostylia opposita
Connarus
monocarpus
Connaraceae
Ebenaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Diospyros ebenum
Diospyros
nummulariifolia
Diospyros ovalifolia
Erythroxylum
zeylanicum
Cleistanthus pallidus
Dimorphocalyx
glabellus
Drypetes gardneri
Drypetes sepiaria
Mallotus rhamnifolius
Phyllanthus
polyphyllus
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Acacia leucophloea
Bauhinia racemosa
Cassia fistula
Cassia roxburghii
Derris parviflora
Hippocrateaceae
Salacia reticulata
Alseodaphne
semecarpifolia
Hugonia mystax
Strychnos nux-vomica
Memecylon
capitellatum
Memecylon
umbellatum
Aglaia elaeagnoidea
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Lauraceae
Linaceae
Loganiaceae
Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Local Name
Hik
Kikili Messa
Omara
Ulkenda
Heen
Karamba
Dunumadala
Heen
Thambala
Sudu
Welangiriya
Panakka
Radaliya
H
A
T
S
T
S
T
S
N
N
N
N
C
T
T
C
S
1
0
1
1
Bambaraka
nda forest
1
1
1
1
1
N
E
N
C
T
N
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
E
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Kaluwara
Kunumella
T
T
E
N
1
1
T
T
E
E
Weliwenna
Gal Wira
Wira
T
T
T
T
N
E
N
N
1
1
1
1
Kuratiya
Maha
Andara
Maila
Ehela
Ratu Wa
Kala Wel
Kotala
Himbutu
T
T
T
T
C
N
N
N
N
E
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wewarana
Bugetiya
Goda Kaduru
T
S
T
N
N
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
S
T
N
N
Korakaha
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
68

Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae
Ochnaceae
Olacaceae
Oleaceae
Chukrasia tabularis
Walsura trifoliolata
Ficus racemosa
Ficus sp.
Streblus asper
Eugenia bracteata
Syzygium cumini
Ochna lanceolata
Olax imbricata
Jasminum
angustifolium
Orchidaceae
Vanda tessellata
Polypodiaceae
Rhamnaceae
Drynaria quercifolia
Scutia myrtina
Ventilago
madraspatana
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Ziziphus oenoplia
Benkara malabarica
Discospermum
sphaerocarpum
Rubiaceae
Geophila repens
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Haldina cordifolia
Ixora coccinea
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Tiliaceae
Ixora pavetta
Psydrax dicoccos
Tarenna asiatica
Atalantia ceylanica
Chloroxylon swietenia
Glycosmis mauritiana
Pleiospermium
alatum
Dimocarpus longan
Lepisanthes
senegalensis
Lepisanthes
tetraphylla
Sapindus emarginata
Schleichera oleosa
Madhuca longifolia
Manilkara hexandra
Mimusops elengi
Pterospermum
suberifolium
Sterculia foetida
Berrya cordifolia
Diplodiscus
verrucosus
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Verbenaceae
Grewia helicterifolia
Grewia orientalis
Premna tomentosa
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Sapotaceae
Sapotaceae
Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Hulan Hik
Kiri Koon
Attikka
Nitulla
Tembiliya
Madan
Mal Kera
Beduru
Yakkada Wel
Heen
Eraminiya
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
C
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
C
E
p
E
p
S
C
S
N
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V
U
N
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V
U
V
U
T
S
N
N
T
T
S
T
T
S
N
N
N
N
N
N
1
1
1
Tumpat
Kurudu
Mora
T
T
N
N
Gal Kuma
Dambu
Kaha Penela
Koon
Mi
Palu
Munamal
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
Welan
Telambu
Halmilla
T
T
T
N
N
N
Dik Wenna
Bora
Daminiya
T
C
T
N
N
N
Seru
H
Kolon
Ratambala
Maha
Ratambala
Panderu
Tarana
Yakinaran
Buruta
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
69

Verbenaceae
Vitex altissima
Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Cissus latifolia
Cissus quadrangularis
Milla
Wal Diya
Labu
Heressa
N
N
1
1
Endemic species- 8
Indigenous species- 70
Table 2. Plant species recorded from plot numbers 13-16 during the field survey in degraded
dry-mixed evergreen forest habitats in the Yan Oya reservoir project area. Plant family, species
name, local name, habit (HA) (C - Climber or Creeper, T Tree; S Shrub; H Herbaceous), the
taxonomic status TS (N Indigenous; E Endemic; I Introduced and naturalized) and
Conservation Status CS (EN- Endangered, VU- Vulnerable).
Family
Amaranthaceae
Annonaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Asparagaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae
Capparaceae
Capparaceae
Capparaceae
Celastraceae
Connaraceae
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Species
Aerva lanata
Polyalthia korinti
Carissa spinarum
Ichnocarpus frutescens
Calotropis gigantea
Asparagus racemosus
Eupatorium odoratum
Tridax procumbens
Vernonia zeylanica
Carmona retusa
Cordia dichotoma
Capparis moonii
Capparis zeylanica
Crateva adansonii
Maytenus emarginata
Connarus monocarpus
Argyreia osyrensis
Ipomoea obscura
Diospyros ebenum
Diospyros malabarica
Diospyros montana
Diospyros nummulariifolia
Erythroxylum zeylanicum
Acalypha indica
Bridelia retusa
Dimorphocalyx glabellus
Drypetes gardneri
Drypetes sepiaria
Flueggea leucopyrus
Phyllanthus polyphyllus
Alysicarpus vaginalis
Bauhinia racemosa
Cassia fistula
Cassia roxburghii
Derris parviflora
Dichrostachys cinerea
Mimosa pudica
Local Name
Pol Pala
Ulkenda
Heen Karamba
Garadi Wel
Wara
Hathawariya
Podisinnamaran
Pupula
Heen Thambala
Lolu
Rudanti
Sudu Welangiriya
Lunu Warana
Radaliya
Dumbada
Tel Kola
Kaluwara
Timbiri
Kuppameniya
Ketakala
Weliwenna
Gal Wira
Wira
Katu Pila
Kuratiya
Aswenna
Maila
Ehela
Ratu Wa
Kala Wel
Andara
Nidikumba
HA
H
S
C
C
S
C
S
H
C
S
T
S
C
T
S
C
C
C
T
T
T
T
T
H
T
T
T
T
S
T
T
H
T
T
T
C
T
H
TS
N
N
N
N
N
N
I
I
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
E
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
I
CS
13
14
1
1
1
1
1
15
1
1
1
1
1
1
16
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
EN
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
70

Flacourtiaceae
Hippocrateaceae
Loganiaceae
Loranthaceae
Malpighiaceae
Malvaceae
Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Menispermaceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae
Oleaceae
Passifloraceae
Periplocaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Casearia zeylanica
Salacia reticulata
Dendrophthoe falcata
Hiptage benghalensis
Sida cordata
Memecylon capitellatum
Memecylon umbellatum
Cyclea peltata
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus hispida
Streblus asper
Eugenia bracteata
Syzygium cumini
Jasminum angustifolium
Passiflora foetida
Hemidesmus indicus
Ventilago madraspatana
Ziziphus oenoplia
Benkara malabarica
Canthium coromandelicum
Catunaregam spinosa
Ixora pavetta
Mitragyna parvifolia
Psydrax dicoccos
Atalantia ceylanica
Pleiospermium alatum
Toddalia asiatica
Allophylus cobbe
Cardiospermum halicacabum
Dimocarpus longan
Lepisanthes senegalensis
Lepisanthes tetraphylla
Sapindus emarginata
Schleichera oleosa
Manilkara hexandra
Scoparia dulcis
Pterospermum suberifolium
Berrya cordifolia
Diplodiscus verrucosus
Grewia orientalis
Gmelina asiatica
Lantana camara
Premna tomentosa
Vitex altissima
Cissus latifolia
Wal Waraka
Kotala Himbutu
Goda Kaduru
Pilila
Puwak Gediya Wel
Bavila
Korakaha
Kiri Koon
Kehi Pittan
Nuga
Kota Dimbula
Nitulla
Tembiliya
Madan
Iramusu
Yakkada Wel
Heen Eraminiya
Kara
Kukurumanna
Maha Ratambala
Helamba
Panderu
Yakinaran
Buruta
Tumpat Kurudu
Kudumiris
Kobbe
Penela Wel
Mora
Gal Kuma
Dambu
Kaha Penela
Koon
Palu
Welan
Halmilla
Dik Wenna
Demata
Gandapana
Seru
Milla
Wal Diya Labu
Heressa
T
C
T
Ep
C
H
T
S
T
C
T
T
T
T
T
C
C
C
C
C
S
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
S
T
C
C
C
T
T
T
T
T
T
H
T
T
T
C
T
S
T
T
C
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
I
N
N
E
N
N
I
N
N
N
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Endemic- 7 species
71

Introduced- 6 species
Indigenous- 75 species
Table 3. Plant species recorded from plot numbers R1-R10 during the field survey in forest
habitats in the Yan Oya reservoir project area. Plant family, species name, local name, habit (HA)
(C - Climber or Creeper, T Tree; S Shrub; H Herbaceous), the taxonomic status TS (N
Indigenous; E Endemic; I Introduced and naturalized) and Conservation Status CS (ENEndangered, VU- Vulnerable).
Family
Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Araceae
Araceae
Araceae
Asteraceae
Boraginaceae
Capparaceae
Combretaceae
Combretaceae
Commelinaceae
Connaraceae
Cyperaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Species
Miliusa
indica
Polyalthia
korinti
Carissa
spinarum
Ichnocarpus
frutescens
Wrightia
angustifolia
Amorphophal
lus sylvaticus
Cryptocoryne
beckettii
Pothos
scandens
Eupatorium
odoratum
Heliotropium
indicum
Capparis
zeylanica
Combretum
sp.
Terminalia
arjuna
Cyanotis sp.
Connarus
monocarpus
Cyperus spp.
Diospyros
ebenum
Diospyros
malabarica
Diospyros
montana
Diospyros
nummulariifo
lia
Diospyros
ovalifolia
Erythroxylum
monogynum
Erythroxylum
zeylanicum
Cleistanthus
pallidus
Croton
aromaticus
Dimorphocal
H
A
T
S
Kikili Messa
Ulkenda
Heen
Karamba
Garadi Wel
Ati Udayan
Pota Wel
Podisinnama
ran
Ath Honda
Sudu
Welangiriya
Kumbuk
T
H
N
N
Radaliya
C
H
N
N
Local Name
Kaluwara
Timbiri
Kunumella
Agil
T
T
N
N
Wel
Keppetiya
Weliwenna
C
S
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5
R
6
R
7
R
8
R
9
R1
0
1
1
1
1
E
N
1
1
1
E
N
1
1
1
1
72

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Flacourtiaceae
Flacourtiaceae
Hippocrateaceae
Hippocrateaceae
Hypoxidaceae
Lecythidaceae
Loganiaceae
Malpighiaceae
Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae
Olacaceae
Oleaceae
Orchidaceae
yx glabellus
Drypetes
gardneri
Drypetes
sepiaria
Flueggea
leucopyrus
Mallotus
rhamnifolius
Mischodon
zeylanicus
Phyllanthus
polyphyllus
Phyllanthus
reticulatus
Caesalpinia
bonduc
Cassia fistula
Derris
parviflora
Derris
scandens
Pongamia
pinnata
Casearia
zeylanica
Hydnocarpus
venenata
Salacia
chinensis
Salacia
reticulata
Curculigo
orchioides
Barringtonia
acutangula
Strychnos
nux-vomica
Hiptage
benghalensis
Memecylon
capitellatum
Memecylon
umbellatum
Aglaia
elaeagnoidea
Walsura
trifoliolata
Ficus
racemosa
Ficus sp.
Streblus
asper
Eugenia
bracteata
Syzygium
cumini
Olax
imbricata
Jasminum
angustifolium
Vanda
tessellata
Gal Wira
Wira
Katu Pila
Tammanna
Kuratiya
Kaila
Kalu
Vavulatiya
Ehela
C
T
N
N
1
1
Kala Wel
Bo Kala wel
Magul
Karanda
Wal Waraka
Makulu
Heen
Himbutu Wel
Kotala
Himbutu
Heen Bin Tal
Ela Midella
Goda Kaduru
Puwak
Gediya Wel
Kiri Koon
Attikka
T
T
N
N
Nitulla
Tembiliya
Madan
C
E
p
Korakaha
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V
U
73

Passifloraceae
Polypodiaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Sapotaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Passiflora
foetida
Drynaria
quercifolia
Scutia
myrtina
Ventilago
madraspatan
a
Ziziphus
oenoplia
Benkara
malabarica
Geophila
repens
Ixora
coccinea
Ixora pavetta
Nauclea
orientalis
Psydrax
dicoccos
Atalantia
ceylanica
Chloroxylon
swietenia
Glycosmis
mauritiana
Pleiospermiu
m alatum
Allophylus
cobbe
Dimocarpus
longan
Lepisanthes
senegalensis
Lepisanthes
tetraphylla
Madhuca
longifolia
Manilkara
hexandra
Pterospermu
m
suberifolium
Berrya
cordifolia
Diplodiscus
verrucosus
Grewia
orientalis
Glossocarya
scandens
Vitex
leucoxylon
Beduru
Yakkada Wel
Heen
Eraminiya
C
E
p
I
N
Ratambala
Maha
Ratambala
Bakmi
Panderu
Yakinaran
Buruta
1
1
1
1
1
V
U
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Tumpat
Kurudu
Kobbe
Mora
Gal Kuma
Dambu
Mi
Palu
Welan
Halmilla
Dik Wenna
Nabada
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Endemic species- 10
Introduced species- 2
74

Table 4. Plant species recorded from Ebe ela and Kapugollewa, degraded riverine forests during
the field survey in the Yan Oya reservoir project area. Plant family, species name, local name,
habit (HA) (C - Climber or Creeper, T Tree; S Shrub; H Herbaceous), the taxonomic status
TS (N Indigenous; E Endemic; I Introduced and naturalized) and Conservation Status CS
(EN- Endangered, VU- Vulnerable).
Family
Amaryllidaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Asteraceae
Combretaceae
Combretaceae
Convolvulaceae
Ebenaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Hippocrateaceae
Lecythidaceae
Myrtaceae
Olacaceae
Orchidaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Species
Crinum defixum
Oxystelma esculentum
Mikania cordata
Combretum sp.
Terminalia arjuna
Merremia hederacea
Croton aromaticus
Margaritaria indicus
Phyllanthus reticulatus
Acacia caesia
Derris parviflora
Derris scandens
Salacia chinensis
Barringtonia acutangula
Syzygium cumini
Olax imbricata
Vanda tessellata
Ixora coccinea
Nauclea orientalis
Madhuca longifolia
Berrya cordifolia
Grewia orientalis
Glossocarya scandens
Vitex leucoxylon
Local Name
Heen Tolabo
Garadi Wel
Usepale
Wathu Palu
Kumbuk
Kaha Tel Kola
Timbiri
Wel Keppetiya
Karawu
Kaila
Hinguru Wel
Kala Wel
Bo Kala wel
Heen Himbutu Wel
Ela Midella
Madan
Yakkada Wel
Ratambala
Helamba
Bakmi
Penela Wel
Mi
Halmilla
Nabada
HA
H
C
C
C
C
T
C
T
T
T
S
C
C
C
C
T
T
C
Ep
C
S
T
T
C
T
T
C
C
T
TS
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
CS
E1
E2
E3
1
1
K1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Endemic species -1
Table 5. Plant species recorded from plot numbers 4-8, W- Weherabendikanda, BBambarakanda, Y1, Y2- Yakinikanda, LK- Labukanda, and RO- Rock outcrop during the field
survey in small hills in the Yan Oya reservoir project area. Plant family, species name, local
name, habit (HA) (C - Climber or Creeper, T Tree; S Shrub; H Herbaceous), the taxonomic
status TS (N Indigenous; E Endemic; I Introduced and naturalized) and Conservation Status
CS (EN- Endangered, VU- Vulnerable).
Family
Anacardiaceae
Species
Lannea
coromandelica
Nothopegia
beddomei
Anacardiaceae
Spondias pinnata
Anacardiaceae
H
A
T
S
Hik
Bala
Wal
Ambarella
Local Name
C
S
W B
1
1
Y
1
Y
2
L
K
R
O
1
1
1
75

Annonaceae
Annonaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Araceae
Araliaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Asparagaceae
Asteraceae
Bignoniaceae
Boraginaceae
Burseraceae
Capparaceae
Celastraceae
Commelinaceae
Connaraceae
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae
Dioscoreaceae
Dracaenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Mitrephora
heyneana
Polyalthia korinti
Carissa spinarum
Wrightia
angustifolia
Amorphophallus
sylvaticus
Schefflera stellata
Sarcostemma
brunonianum
Asparagus
racemosus
Eupatorium
odoratum
Stereospermum
colais
Carmona retusa
Commiphora
caudata
Capparis zeylanica
Maytenus
emarginata
Cyanotis sp.
Connarus
monocarpus
Argyreia osyrensis
Merremia
tridentata
Dioscorea
tomentosa
Sansevieria
zeylanica
Diospyros ebenum
Diospyros
malabarica
Diospyros
nummulariifolia
Diospyros
ovalifolia
Erythroxylum
monogynum
Cleistanthus
pallidus
Dimorphocalyx
glabellus
Drypetes gardneri
Drypetes sepiaria
Euphorbia
antiquorum
Flueggea
leucopyrus
Mallotus
rhamnifolius
Mischodon
zeylanicus
Phyllanthus
polyphyllus
T
S
N
N
Ittha
H
T
N
N
Muwa Kiriya
Hathawariya
Podisinnamar
an
Dunumadala
Heen
Thambala
Siviya
Sudu
Welangiriya
S
H
N
N
Radaliya
Dumbada
C
C
N
N
Heen Madu
Uyala
Niyanda
Ulkenda
Heen
Karamba
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
E
N
Kaluwara
Timbiri
Kunumella
Agil
Weliwenna
Gal Wira
Wira
T
T
T
N
E
N
1
1
1
Daluk
Katu Pila
Tammanna
Kuratiya
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
76

Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Hernandiaceae
Hippocrateaceae
Hippocrateaceae
Sapium insigne
Abrus precatorius
Acacia pennata
Bauhinia
tomentosa
Cassia fistula
Cassia roxburghii
Tephrosia
purpurea
Gyrocarpus
americanus
Reissantia indica
Orchidaceae
Salacia reticulata
Curculigo
orchioides
Alseodaphne
semecarpifolia
Hugonia mystax
Strychnos nuxvomica
Strychnos sp.
Hiptage
benghalensis
Memecylon
capitellatum
Memecylon
petiolatum
Memecylon
umbellatum
Munronia pinnata
Walsura
trifoliolata
Pachygone ovata
Tinospora sinensis
Ficus arnottiana
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus microcarpa
Ficus mollis
Eugenia bracteata
Ochna lanceolata
Olax imbricata
Chionanthus
zeylanica
Jasminum
angustifolium
Cymbidium
aloifolium
Orchidaceae
Vanda spathulata
Hypoxidaceae
Lauraceae
Linaceae
Loganiaceae
Loganiaceae
Malpighiaceae
Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Myrtaceae
Ochnaceae
Olacaceae
Oleaceae
Oleaceae
Orchidaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Vanda tessellata
Ventilago
madraspatana
Ziziphus oenoplia
Benkara
malabarica
Canthium
coromandelicum
T
C
C
N
N
N
Petan
Ehela
Ratu Wa
T
T
T
N
N
N
Pila
Hima
T
C
N
N
Kotala
Himbutu
Heen Bin Tal
Wewarana
Bugetiya
T
S
N
N
Goda Kaduru
T
C
N
N
Olinda
Puwak Gediya
Wel
Korakaha
Bin Kohomba
S
H
N
N
Kiri Koon
T
C
C
T
T
T
T
T
T
C
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Bu Kinda
Patana Bo
Nuga
Wal Aralu
Tembiliya
Mal Kera
Geriata
Yakkada Wel
Heen
Eraminiya
Kara
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
V
U
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
C
E
p
E
p
E
p
1
1
N
N
1
V
U
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
77

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Catunaregam
spinosa
Discospermum
sphaerocarpum
Mussaenda
frondosa
Psydrax dicoccos
Tarenna asiatica
Chloroxylon
swietenia
Glycosmis
mauritiana
Murraya
paniculata
Pleiospermium
alatum
Dimocarpus
longan
Lepisanthes
senegalensis
Manilkara
hexandra
Pterospermum
suberifolium
Sterculia
balanghas
Sterculia foetida
Diplodiscus
verrucosus
Grewia
helicterifolia
Grewia orientalis
Lantana camara
Premna alstoni
Premna
tomentosa
Vitex altissima
Cissus latifolia
Cissus
quadrangularis
Cissus vitiginea
Kukurumanna
Mussanda
Panderu
Tarana
S
T
S
N
N
N
Buruta
Etteriya
Tumpat
Kurudu
Mora
Gal Kuma
Palu
Welan
Nawa
Telambu
T
T
N
N
Dik Wenna
Bora
Daminiya
T
C
S
S
N
N
I
E
Seru
Milla
Wal Diya Labu
T
T
N
N
N
Heressa
C
C
N
N
1
1
Gandapana
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Endemic species- 8
Indigenous species 91
78

Table 6. Plant species recorded from plot numbers 2 and 3 during the field survey in scrublands
in the Yan Oya reservoir project area. Plant family, species name, local name, habit (HA) (C Climber or Creeper, T Tree; S Shrub; H Herbaceous), the taxonomic status TS (N
Indigenous; E Endemic; I Introduced and naturalized) and Conservation Status CS (VUVulnerable).
Family
Amaryllidaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Asparagaceae
Asteraceae
Asteraceae
Capparaceae
Celastraceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Linaceae
Malvaceae
Myrtaceae
Oleaceae
Periplocaceae
Poaceae
Poaceae
Poaceae
Poaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Species
Crinum zeylanicum
Carissa spinarum
Calotropis gigantea
Asparagus racemosus
Vernonia cinerea
Vicoa indica
Crateva adansonii
Maytenus emarginata
Drypetes sepiaria
Euphorbia antiquorum
Flueggea leucopyrus
Acacia leucophloea
Alysicarpus vaginalis
Bauhinia racemosa
Cassia fistula
Cassia roxburghii
Derris parviflora
Derris scandens
Hugonia mystax
Sida acuta
Syzygium cumini
Hemidesmus indicus
Chloris barbata
Cynodon dactylon
Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Imperata cylindrica
Scutia myrtina
Ziziphus oenoplia
Catunaregam spinosa
Limonia acidissima
Allophylus cobbe
Manilkara hexandra
Grewia orientalis
Local Name
Heen Karamba
Garadi Wel
Wara
Hathawariya
Monara Kudumbiya
Ran Hiriya
Lunu Warana
Wira
Daluk
Katu Pila
Kuratiya
Maha Andara
Aswenna
Maila
Ehela
Ratu Wa
Kala Wel
Bo Kala wel
Andara
Bugetiya
Gas Bavila
Madan
Iramusu
Mayura Tana
Ruha
Putu Tana
Iluk
Heen Eraminiya
Kara
Kukurumanna
Helamba
Divul
Kobbe
Palu
Welan
Dik Wenna
HA
H
C
C
S
C
H
H
T
S
T
T
S
T
T
H
T
T
T
C
C
T
S
H
T
C
C
H
H
H
H
S
C
T
T
T
T
C
T
T
T
C
TS
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
CS
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Endemic species -2
79

Table 7. The plant species recorded in the proposed new resettlement and irrigable areas in
Kajuwatte, Maila wewa, Wehera wewa during the field survey conducted on the 19th and 20th
November 2012. The main habitats found in the area are degraded dry-mixed evergreen forest
and scrublands. Plant family, species name, local name, habit (HA) (C - Climber or Creeper, T
Tree; S Shrub; H Herbaceous), the taxonomic status TS (N Indigenous; E Endemic; I
Introduced and naturalized) and Conservation Status CS (EN- Endangered, VU- Vulnerable).
Family
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Asparagaceae
Asteraceae
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae
Capparaceae
Celastraceae
Connaraceae
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Flacourtiaceae
Linaceae
Loganiaceae
Loganiaceae
Malpighiaceae
Malvaceae
Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Meliaceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Moraceae
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae
Species
Carissa spinarum
Wrightia angustifolia
Calotropis gigantea
Asparagus racemosus
Vernonia zeylanica
Carmona retusa
Cordia dichotoma
Crateva adansonii
Maytenus emarginata
Connarus monocarpus
Argyreia osyrensis
Ipomoea obscura
Diospyros ebenum
Diospyros nummulariifolia
Bridelia retusa
Dimorphocalyx glabellus
Drypetes sepiaria
Flueggea leucopyrus
Bauhinia racemosa
Cassia fistula
Cassia roxburghii
Derris parviflora
Tamarindus indica
Casearia zeylanica
Hugonia mystax
Strychnos potatorum
Hiptage benghalensis
Sida cordata
Memecylon capitellatum
Memecylon umbellatum
Azadirachta indica
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus hispida
Streblus asper
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Syzygium cumini
Local Name
Heen Karamba
Garadi Wel
Wara
Hathawariya
Pupula
Heen Thambala
Lolu
Lunu Warana
Radaliya
Dumbada
Tel Kola
Kaluwara
Timbiri
Ilapaththa
Ketakala
Weliwenna
Wira
Katu Pila
Kuratiya
Maila
Ehela
Ratu Wa
Kala Wel
Andara
Siyambala
Wal Waraka
Bugetiya wel
Goda Kaduru
Ingini
Puwak Gediya Wel
Bavila
Korakaha
Kohomba
Kiri Kon
Nuga
Kota Dimbula
Nitulla
Madan
HA
C
C
T
S
C
C
S
T
T
S
C
C
C
T
T
T
T
T
T
S
T
T
T
T
T
C
T
T
T
C
T
T
C
H
T
S
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
TS
N
N
E
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
N
N
I
N
CS
EN
80

Oleaceae
Passifloraceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae
Ulmaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Verbenaceae
Vitaceae
Vitaceae
Passiflora foetida
Ziziphus oenoplia
Benkara malabarica
Catunaregam spinosa
Ixora pavetta
Psydrax dicoccos
Atalantia ceylanica
Limonia acidissima
Pleiospermium alatum
Toddalia asiatica
Allophylus cobbe
Dimocarpus longan
Lepisanthes senegalensis
Lepisanthes tetraphylla
Sapindus emarginata
Schleichera oleosa
Manilkara hexandra
Berrya cordifolia
Grewia orientalis
Holoptelea integrifolia
Gmelina asiatica
Lantana camara
Premna tomentosa
Vitex altissima
Cissus latifolia
Yakkada Wel
Heen Eraminiya
Kara
Kukurumanna
Maha Ratambala
Helamba
Panderu
Yakinaran
Buruta
Divul
Tumpat Kurudu
Kudumiris
Kobbe
Penela Wel
Mora
Gal Kuma
Dambu
Kaha Penela
Koon
Palu
Welan
Halmilla
Dik Wenna
Godakirilla
Demata
Gandapana
Seru
Milla
Wal Diya Labu
Heressa
C
C
C
C
S
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
S
T
T
C
C
C
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
C
T
T
S
T
T
C
N
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
I
N
N
N
N
VU
Endemic species- 6
Indigenous species 68
Threatened species - 2
81

Table 8: Detailed list of fauna observed in the immediate impact zone

Abbreviations used:
TS - Taxonomic Status; E - Endemic, N - Native, I - Introduced, M - Migrant
NCS - National Conservation Status; GCS - Global Conservation Status; EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, NT - Near Threatened
UF - Undisturbed Forest (Plots 1, 7,9, 10, 11, 12 & Bambarakanda forest); DF - Degraded forest (Plots 13, 14, 15 & 16); SC - Scrub (Plots 2 & 3); TA Tanks (Paliya wewa, Maha sorowa wewa, Hapatiya wewa, Pettawa wewa, Mawatha wewa, Bambarakanda wewa, Puliyankulama wewa,
Pamburugas wewa, Jayanthi wewa, Dikwewa & Dutu wewa); RY - Riverine vegetation of Yan oya (Plots R1 to R10); RT - Riverine vegetation of
tributaries of Yan Oya (Ebe Ela and Kapugollewa); RO - Rock outcrop associated vegetation (Plots 4-8, Yakini kanda, Bambarakanda, Labukanda,
and Vehera bendi kanda); RI - Ressttlement and new irrigable areas (Wehera wewa, Neelapanikkankulam wewa, Andiagala wewa, Maha Alankulam
wewa, Thalgaswewa and Moragama)
Family
Scientific Name
English Name
Sinhala Name
TS
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
RY
RT
RO
RI
DRAGONFLIES
Aeshnidae
Anax indicus
Elephant Emperor
Cholorocyphidae
Libellago adami
Adam's Gem
Coenagrionidae
Agriocnemis pygmaea
Wandering Wisp
Coenagrionidae
Ceriagrion coromandelianum
Yellow Waxtail
Coenagrionidae
Onychargia atrocyana
Marsh Dancer
Coenagrionidae
Pseudagrion microcephalum
Blue Sprite
Coenagrionidae
Pseudagrion rubriceps
Red-headed Sprite
Corduliidae
Epophthalmia vittata
Blue Eye Pondcruiser
Gomphidae
Ictinogomphus rapax
Rapacious Flangetail
Libellulidae
Acisoma panorpoides
Asian Pintail
Libellulidae
Brachythmis contaminata
Asian Groundling
Libellulidae
Bradinopyga geminata
Indian Rockdweller
Libellulidae
Crocothemis servilia
Oriental Scarlet
Libellulidae
Diplacodes trivialis
Blue Percher
Libellulidae
Hydrobasileus croceus
Amber-winged Glider
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
82

Family
Scientific Name
English Name
Sinhala Name
TS
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
RY
Libellulidae
Lathrecista asiatica
Pruinosed Bloodtail
Libellulidae
Neurothemis tullia
Pied Parasol
Libellulidae
Orthetrum luzonicum
Marsh Skimmer
Libellulidae
Orthetrum sabina
Green Skimmer
Libellulidae
Pantala flavescens
Wandering Glider
Libellulidae
Rhyothemis variegata
Varigated Flutter
Libellulidae
Tramea basilaris
Burmeister's Glider
Libellulidae
Trithemis aurora
Crimson Dropwing
Libellulidae
Urothemis signata
Scarlet Basker
Platycnemididae
Copera marginipes
Yellow Featherleg
Protoneuridae
Prodasineura sita
Stripe-headed Threadtail
RT
RO
RI
1
1
1
1
1
1
BUTERFLIES
Hesperiidae
Ampittia dioscorides
Bush Hopper
Panduru Pimma
Hesperiidae
Caprona ransonnettii
Golden Angle
Ran Mulla
Hesperiidae
Notocrypta paralysos
Common banded Demon
Iri Dassa
NT
Lycaenidae
Amblypodia anita
Purple leafblue
Dam gas-nilaya
NT
Lycaenidae
Arhopala amantes
Large oakblue
Maha gas-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Arhopala pseudocentaurus
Centaur oakblue
Surya gas-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Castalius rosimon
Common Pierrot
Podu Mal-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Chilades lajus
Lime Blue
Podu Panu-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Freyeria trochilus
Grass Jewel
Ran Thruna-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Jamides celeno
Common Cerulean
Serulia
Lycaenidae
Neopithicops zalmora
Quaker
Maha thith Dumburu-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Prosotas nora
Common Lineblue
Podu Nil-iriya
Lycaenidae
Rapala manea
Slate Flash
Anduru Kiranaya
Lycaenidae
Rathinda amor
Monkey-puzzle
Visituru vanduru nilaya
Lycaenidae
Spalgis epeus
Apefly
Wanduru nilaya
Lycaenidae
Tajuria cippus
Peacock Royal
Monara Raja-nilaya
Lycaenidae
Tarucus nara
Striped Pierrot
Thith-iri Mal-nilaya
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
83

Family
Scientific Name
English Name
Sinhala Name
TS
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
RY
RT
RO
RI
Lycaenidae
Zizina otis
Lesser Grass Blue
Podu Thruna-nilaya
Nymphalidae
Acraea violae
Tawny costor
Thambily panduru-boraluwa
Nymphalidae
Ariadne ariadne
Angled castor
Ruthu pathan-sariya
Nymphalidae
Charaxes solon
Black rajah
Kalu raja-kumaraya
NT
Nymphalidae
Cirrochroa thais
Tamil yeoman
Kela raththiya
NT
Nymphalidae
Danaus chrysippus
Plain tiger
Podu koti-thambiliya
Nymphalidae
Danaus genutia
Common tiger
Iri Koti-thambiliya
Nymphalidae
Dophla evelina
Red spot duke
Rathu-thith Kumaraya
Nymphalidae
Elymnias hypermnestra
Common palmfly
Podu thal-dumburuwa
Nymphalidae
Euploea core
Common crow
Podu kaka-kotithiyaya
Nymphalidae
Hypolimnas bolina
Great eggfly
Maha alankarikya
Nymphalidae
Hypolimnas misippus
Danaid Eggfly
Kela Alankarikya
Nymphalidae
Ideopsis similis
Blue glassy tiger
Maha Nil-kotithiya
Nymphalidae
Junonia almana
Peacock pansy
Monera alankarikya
Nymphalidae
Junonia atlites
Grey pansy
Alu pansaya
Nymphalidae
Junonia iphita
Chocolate soldier
Podu alankarikya
Nymphalidae
Junonia lemonias
Lemon pansy
Dumburuwan alankarikya
Nymphalidae
Melanitis leda
Common evening brown
Podu dumburuwa
Nymphalidae
Mycalesis perseus
Common bushbrown
Podu panduru-dumburuwa
Nymphalidae
Neptis hylas
Common sailor
Gomara selaruwa
Nymphalidae
Neptis jumbah
Chestnut-streaked sailor
Thambala-iri selaruwa
Nymphalidae
Nissanga patnia
Gladeye bushbrown
Visithuru panduru-dumburuwa
Nymphalidae
Parantica aglea
Glassy tiger
Suduwan nil-kotithiya
Nymphalidae
Phalantha phantha
Leopard
Podu thith-thambiliya
Nymphalidae
Tirumala limniace
Blue tiger
Podu nil-kotithiya
Nymphalidae
Tirumala septentrionis
Dark blue tiger
Anduruwan nil-kotithiya
Nymphalidae
Ypthima ceylonica
White four-ring
Podu heen-dumburuwa
Papilionidae
Graphium agamemnon
Tailed jay
Kola papilia
Papilionidae
Graphium doson
Common jay
Podu papilia
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
84

Family
Scientific Name
English Name
Sinhala Name
TS
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
RY
RT
RO
Papilionidae
Pachliopta aristolochiae
Common rose
Podu rosa papilia
Papilionidae
Pachliopta hector
Crimson rose
Maha rosa papilia
Papilionidae
Papilio crino
Banded peacock
Monara papilia
Papilionidae
Papilio domoleus
Lime butterfly
Kaha papilia
Papilionidae
Papilio polymnestor
Blue mormon
Maha nilaya
Papilionidae
Papilio polytes
Common mormon
Kalu papilia
Pieridae
Appias galane
Lesser albatross
Kuda sudana
Pieridae
Catopsilia pomona
Lemon emigrant
Kaha piyasariya
Pieridae
Catopsilia pyranthe
Mottled emigrant
Thith-piya piyasariya
Pieridae
Cepora nerissa
Common gull
Podu Punduru-sudana
Pieridae
Delias eucharis
Jezebel
Podu Maha-sudda
Pieridae
Eurema blanda
Three-spot grass yellow
Thun-pulli Thuna pithaya
Pieridae
Eurema hecabe
Common grass yellow
Maha kahakolaya
Pieridae
Hebomoia glaucippe
Great orange tip
Yoda sudana
Pieridae
Leptosia nina
Psyche
Kalu-thith sudda
Pieridae
Pareronia ceylanica
Dark wanderer
Anduru nil piyasariya
Anabantidae
Anguillidae
Aplocheilidae
Bagridae
Bagridae
Channidae
Channidae
Cichlidae
Cichlidae
Anabas testudineus
Anguilla nebulosa
Aplocheilus parvus
Mystus seengtee
Mystus vittatus
Channa ara
Channa striata
Etroplus suratensis
Oreochromis niloticus
Lepidocephalichthys
thermalis
Devario malabaricus
Garra ceylonensis
Labeo dussumieri
Climbing perch
Long finned eel
Dwarf panchax
Gangetic mystus
Striped dwarf catfish
Giant snakehead
Murrel
Pearl spot
Tilapia
Cobitidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Common spiny loach

Giant Danio
Stone sucker
Common labeo
FRESH WATER FISH

Kavaiya
Pol mal aandha
Kalapu handeya
Iri ankutta
Gan ara
Loola
Koraliya
Tilapia
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
I
Thith Ahirawa
Dankola Sayala
Gal Pandiya
Hiri Kanaya
N
N
E
N
RI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
VU
1
1
1
85

Family
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae
Gobiidae
Heteropneustidae
Mastacembelidae
Osphronemidae
Siluridae
Siluridae
Scientific Name
Labuca varuna
Puntius bimaculatus
Puntius dorsalis
Puntius sarana
Puntius singhala
Rasbora microcephalus
Glossogobius giuris
Heteropneustes fossilis
Mastacembelus armetus
Osphronemus goramy
Ompock bimaculatus
Devario malabaricus
English Name
Western laubuca
Redside barb
Longsnouted barb
Olive barb
Filamented Barb
Carverii Rasbora
Bar Eyed Goby
Stinging catfish
Marbled spiny eel
Gaint gourami
Butter catfish
Shark catfish
Sinhala Name
Varuna karaedaya
Ipili Kadaya
Bimtholla
Mas Pethiya
Dankola Pethiya
Caveri Randiya
Maha gan weligouva
Hunga
Gan theliya
Yoda gurami
Walapoththa
Walaya
AMPHIBIANS
TS
E
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
I
N
N
Bufonidae
Microhylidae
Dicroglossidae
Dicroglossidae
Dicroglossidae
Rhacophoridae
Rhacophoridae
Duttaphrynus melanostictus
Kaloula taprobanica
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Fejervarya limnocharis
Hoplobatrachus crassus
Polypedates maculatus
Pseudophilautus regius
Common house toad

Common bull frog
Indian skipper frog
Common paddy field frog
Jurdon's bullfrog
Spotted tree frog
Polonnaruwa shrub frog
Sulaba geai gemba

Visituru ratu madiya
Uthpathana mediya
Sulaba vel madiya
Jerdonge diya media
Pulli gas madiya
Rajarata panduru media
REPTILES
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
Crocodylidae
Bataguridae
Testudinidae
Trionychidae
Agamidae
Agamidae
Agamidae
Agamidae
Gekkonidae
Scincidae
Scincidae
Crocodylus palustris
Melanochelys trijuga
Geochelone elegans
Lissemys punctata
Calotes calotes
Calotes versicolor
Otocryptis nigristigma
Sitana ponticeriana
Hemidactylus Spp.
Eutropis carinata
Eutropis macularia
Hala kimbula
Parkerge gal ibba
Taraka ibba
Kiri ibba
Pala katussa
Gara katussa
Wiyali pinum katussa
Vali katussa
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
N
Mugger crocodile / Marsh

crocodile
Parker's black turtle
Indian star tortoise
Flapshell turtle
Green garden lizard
Common garden lizard
Black spotted kangaroo lizard
Fan-throated Lizard
Common skink
Bronzegreen little skink
Sulaba hikanala
Pingu hikanala
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
RY
RT
RO
RI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
VU
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
86
1
1
1
1
1

Family
Varanidae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Colubridae
Elapidae
Elapidae
Viperidae
Scientific Name
Varanus bengalensis
Ahaetulla nasuta
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis
Dendrelaphis tristis
Ptyas mucosa
Bungarus caeruleus
Naja naja
Daboia russelii
English Name
Land monitor
Green vine snake
Boulengers bronze back
front Spot bronze back
Rat snake
The common krait
Indian cobra
Russells viper
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Accipitridae
Aegithinidae
Alaudidae
Alaudidae
Alaudidae
Alcedinidae
Alcedinidae
Alcedinidae
Anatidae
Anhingidae
Apodidae
Apodidae
Ardeidae
Ardeidae
Ardeidae
Ardeidae
Accipiter badius
Elanus caeruleus
Haliaeetus leucogaster
Haliastur indus
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus
Pernis ptilorhyncus
Spilornis cheela
Spizaetus cirrhatus
Aegithina tiphia
Alauda gulgula
Eremopterix grisea
Mirafra affinis
Alcedo atthis
Halcyon smyrnensis
Pelargopsis capensis
Dendrocygna javanica
Anhinga melanogaster
Apus affinis
Cypsiurus balasiensis
Ardea cinerea
Ardea purpurea
Ardeola grayii
Bubulcus ibis
Shikra
Black-wing Kite
White-bellied Sea-eagle
Brahminy Kite
Grey-headed Fish-eagle
Oriental Honey-buzzard
Crested Serpent Eagle
Changeable Hawk Eagle
Common Iora
Oriental Skylark
Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark
Rufous-winged Bushlark
Common Kingfisher
White-throated Kingfisher
Stork-billed Kingfisher
Lesser Whistling-duck
Oriental Darter
House Swift
Asian Palm Swift
Grey Heron
Purple Heron
Indian Pond Heron
Cattle Egret
Sinhala Name
Talagoya
Ahaetulla
Pandura haldanda
Handa haldanda
Gerandiya.
Thel karawala
Naya
Tith polonga.
BIRDS
Kurulugoya
Kaluuris Pathannkussa
Kusa-ali Muhudukussa
Bamunu Piyakussa
Alu-his Masukussa
Silu Bambarakussa
Silu Sarapakussa
Perali Kondakussa
Podu Iorawa
Peradigu Ahas Thulikawa
Kirulalu Gekurulu-thulikawa
Rathpiya Akul-thulikawa
Mal Pilihuduwa
Layasudu Madi-pilihuduwa
Manathudu Madi-pilihuduwa
Heen Thamba-seruwa
Abikava
Punchi Thurithaya
Asiaa Thal-thurithaya
Alu Koka
Karawal Koka
Kana-koka
Geri-koka
TS
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
CSN
CSG
UF
1
DF
SC
TA
1
1
1
RY
1
RT
RO
1
RI
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
87
1
1
1
1
1

Family
Ardeidae
Ardeidae
Ardeidae
Ardeidae
Artamidae
Bucerotidae
Bucerotidae
Burhinidae
Campephagidae
Campephagidae
Campephagidae
Caprimulgidae
Charadriidae
Charadriidae
Charadriidae
Chloropseidae
Chloropseidae
Ciconiidae
Ciconiidae
Cisticolidae
Cisticolidae
Cisticolidae
Cisticolidae
Cisticolidae
Columbidae
Columbidae
Columbidae
Columbidae
Columbidae
Columbidae
Coraciidae
Corvidae
Scientific Name
Casmerodius albus
Egretta garzetta
Mesophoyx intermedia
Nycticorax nycticorax
Artamus fuscus
Anthracoceros coronatus
Ocyceros gingalensis
Burhinus oedicnemus
Coracina macei
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Tephrodornis pondicerianus
Caprimulgus asiaticus
Charadrius mongolus
Vanellus indicus
Vanellus malabaricus
Chloropsis aurifrons
Chloropsis jerdoni
Anastomus oscitans
Ciconia episcopus
Cisticola juncidis
Prinia hodgsonii
Prinia inornata
Prinia socialis
Prinia sylvatica
Chalcophaps indica
Columba livia
Ducula aenea
Streptopelia chinensis
Treron bicinctus
Treron pompadora
Coracias benghalensis
Corvus levaillantii
English Name
Great Egret
Little Egret
Intermediate Egret
Black-crowned Night Heron
Ashy Woodswallow
Malabar Pied Hornbill
Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill
Eurasian Thick-knee
Large Cuckooshrike
Small Minivet
Common Woodshrike
Common Nightjar
Lesser Sand Plover
Red-wattled Lapwing
Yellow-wattled Lapwing
Golden-fronted Leafbird
Blue-winged Leafbird
Asian Openbill
Woolly-necked Stork
Zitting Cisticola
Grey-breasted Prinia
Plain Prinia
Ashy Prinia
Jungle Prinia
Emerald Dove
Rock Pigeon
Green Imperial Pigeon
Spotted Dove
Orange-breasted Green-pigeon
Pompadour Green-pigeon
Indian Roller
Large-billed Crow
Sinhala Name
Sudu maha-koka
Punchi Anu-koka
Sudu Madi-koka
Ra kana-koka
Alu Wanalihiniya
Poru-Kandaththa
Sri Lanka Alu Kandaththa
Golu-kiraluwa
Maha Kovulsarathiththa
Pinchi minivitta
Podu Wana-saratiththa
Indu Bimbassa
Heen Wali Oleviya
Rath-yatimal Kirella
Kaha-yatimal Kirella
Rannalala Kolarisiya
Nilpiya Kolarisiya
Vivarathuduwa
Padili Manawa
Iri Pawansariya
Grey-breasted Prinia
Sarala Priniya
Alu Priniya
Wana Priniya
Neela-Kobeiyya
Paraviya
Neela Mahagoya
Alu Kobeiyya
Layaran Batagoya
Pompadoru Batagoya
Dumbonna
Kalu Kaputa
TS
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
PE
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
PE
N
N
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
1
1
1
RY
RT
RO
RI
1
1
1
NT
NT
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
88
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Family
Corvidae
Cuculidae
Cuculidae
Cuculidae
Cuculidae
Cuculidae
Cuculidae
Cuculidae
Dicaeidae
Dicruidae
Dicruidae
Dicruidae
Estrildidae
Estrididae
Estrildidae
Hemiprocnidae
Hirundinidae
Jacanidae
Laniidae
Laridae
Meropidae
Meropidae
Meropidae
Monarchidae
Monarchidae
Motacillidae
Motacillidae
Muscicapidae
Muscicapidae
Muscicapidae
Muscicapidae
Nectariniidae
Scientific Name
Corvus splendens
Cacomantis passerinus
Cacomantis sonneratii
Centropus sinensis
Clamator jacobinus
Cuculus micropterus
Eudynamys scolopacea
Phaenicophaeus viridirostris
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
Dicrurus caerulescens
Dicrurus macrocercus
Dicrurus paradiseus
Lonchura malacca
Lonchura punctulata
Lonchura striata
Hemiprocne coronata
Hirundo rustica
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Lanius cristatus
Chlidonias hybrida
Merops leschenaulti
Merops orientalis
Merops philippinus
Hypothymis azurea
Terpsiphone paradisi
Anthus rufulus
Dendronanthus indicus
Copsychus malabaricus
Copsychus saularis
Muscicapa muttui
Saxicoloides fulicata
Nectarina asiatica
English Name
House Crow
Grey-bellied Cuckoo
Banded Bay Cuckoo
Greater Coucal
Pied Cuckoo
Indian Cuckoo
Asian Koel
Blue-faced Malkoha
Pale-billed Flowerpecker
White-bellied Drongo
Black Drongo
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo
Tricoloured Munia
Scaly-breasted Munia
White-rumped Munia
Crested Treeswift
Barn Swallow
Pheasant-tailed Jacana
Brown Shrike
Whiskered Tern
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater
Green Bee-eater
Blue-tailed Bee-eater
Black-naped Monarch
Asian Paradise- flycathcher
Paddyfield Pipit
Forest Wagtail
White-rumped Shama
Oriental Magpie Robin
Brown-breasted Flycatcher
Indian Robin
Purple Sunbird
Sinhala Name
Colomb Kaputa
Kusalu Gurukoha
Vayira Gurukoha
Ati-kukula
Gomara Kondakoha
Indu Kookilaya
Kowula
Wathanil Malkoha
Lathudu Pililichcha
Kawuda
Kalu Kawuda
Maha Kawuda
Thepaha Weekurulla
Laya Kayuru Weekurulla
Nithamba ssudu Weekurulla
Silu Ruk-thurithaya
Atu Wahilihiniya
Pan Kukula
Bora Sabariththa
Alupiya Kangul-lihiniya
Thambala-hisa Binguharaya
Punchi Binguharaya
Nilpenda Binguharaya
Kalu-gelasi Radamara
Asia Rahanmara
Keth Varatichcha
Wana-halapenda
Wana Polkichcha
Polkichcha
Bora Mesimara
Indu Kalukichcha
Dam Sutikka
TS
N
M
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
M
N
N
M
N
N
N
M
N
N
M
N
N
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
TA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RT
RO
RI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RY
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
89
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Family
Nectariniidae
Oriolidae
Passeridae
Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae
Phasianidae
Phasianidae
Phasianidae
Picidae
Picidae
Picidae
Pittidae
Ploceidae
Podicipedidae
Psittacidae
Psittacidae
Pycnonotidae
Pycnonotidae
Pycnonotidae
Rallidae
Rallidae
Ramphastidae
Ramphastidae
Ramphastidae
Recurvirostridae
Rhipiduridae
Strigidae
Strigidae
Strigidae
Sturnidae
Sylviidae
Sylviidae
Scientific Name
Nectarina zeylonica
Oriolus xanthornus
Passer domesticus
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
Phalacrocorax niger
Coturnix chinensis
Gallus lafayetii
Pavo cristatus
Celeus brachyurus
Chrysocolaptes lucidus
Dinopium benghalense
Pitta brachyura
Ploceus philippinus
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Psittacula eupatria
Psittacula krameri
Pycnonotus cafer
Pycnonotus luteolus
Pycnonotus melanicterus
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Porphyrio porphyrio
Megalaima haemacephala
Megalaima rubricapilla
Megalaima zeylanica
Himantopus himantopus
Rhipidura aureola
Bubo nipalensis
Ketupa zeylonensis
Otus sunia
Acridotheres tristis
Orthotomus sutorius
Phylloscopus magnirostris
English Name
Purple-rumped Sunbird
Black-hooded Oriole
House Sparrow
Indian Cormorant
Little Cormorant
Blue Quail
Sri Lanka Junglefowl
Indian Peafowl
Rufous Woodpecker
Greater Flameback
Black-rumped Flameback
Indian Pitta
Baya Weaver
Little Grebe
Alexandrine Parakeet
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Red-vented Bulbul
White-browed Bulbul
Black-crested Bulbul
White-breasted Waterhen
Purple Swamphen
Coppersmith Barbet
Crimson-fronted Barbet
Brown-headed Barbet
Black-winged Stilt
White-browed Fantail
Spot-bellied Eagle Owl
Brown Fish Owl
Oriental Scops Owl
Common Myna
Common Tailorbird
Large-billed Leaf Warbler
Sinhala Name
Nithamba Dam Sutikka
Kahakurulla
Gekurulla
Indu Diyakava
Punchi Diyakava
Nil Piriwatuwa
Sri Lanka Wali-kukula
Monora
Dumburu Kerala
Lepita Maha-karela
Rath-karela
Avichchiya
Ruk Wadukurulla
Punchi Gembithuruwa
Labu Girawa
Rana Girawa
Kondaya
Bamasudu Kondaya
Kalu Hisasi Kondaya
Laya-sudu Korawakka
Dam Medi-kithala
Rathlaye Kottoruwa
Rathmhunath Kottoruwa
Polos Kottoruwa
Kalupiya Ipalpawa
Bemasudu Pawanpenda
Ukusu Bakamoona
Bora Kewul-bakamoona
Peradigu Kanbassa
Mayna
Battichcha
Mathusu Gassraviya
TS
N
N
N
N
N
N
E
N
N
PE
N
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
PE
N
N
N
PE
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
CSN
CSG
UF
1
1
1
DF
1
1
SC
NT
TA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RY
1
RT
RO
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
RI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
90
1
1
1
1

Family
Sylviidae
Threskiornithidae
Timaliidae
Timaliidae
Timalidae
Timalidae
Timalidae
Zosteropidae
Scientific Name
Phylloscopus trochiloides
Threskiornis melanocephalus
Chrysomma sinense
Dumetia hyperythra
Pellorneum fuscocapillum
Rhopocichla atriceps
Turdoides affinis
Zosterops palpebrosus
English Name
Greenish Warbler
Black-headed Ibis
Yellow-eyed Babbler
Tawny-bellied Babbler
Sri Lanka Brown-capped Babbler
Dark-fronted Babbler
Yellow-billed Babbler
Oriental White-eye
Sinhala Name
Kola Gassraviya
Hisakalu Dakaththa
Nethkaha Thana-demalichcha
Kusakaha Landu-demalichcaa
Sri Lanka Boraga-demalichcha
Wathanduru Panduru-demalichcha
Demalichcha
Peradigu Sitasiya
MAMMALS
TS
M
N
N
N
E
N
N
N
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
SC
Manidae
Manis crassicaudata
Pangolin
Kaballewa
NT
NT
Cercopithecidae
Macaca sinica
Sri Lanka toque monkey
Sri Lanka Rilawa
NT
EN
Cercopithecidae
Semnopithecus priam
Grey langur
Eli-wdura
NT
NT
Cercopithecidae
Semnopithecus vetulus
Purple-faced leaf monkey
Sri Lanka Kalu-wandura
VU
EN
Lorisidae
Loris lydekkerianus
Grey slender loris
Alu Unahapuluwa
NT
Canidae
Canis aureus
Jackal
Nariya / Hiwala
Felidae
Felis chaus
Jungle cat
Wal Balala
VU
Felidae
Panthera pardus
Leopard
Kotiya/ Diviya
VU
Herpestidae
Herpestes edwardsii
Grey mongoose
Alu Mugatiya
Herpestidae
Herpestes smithii
Ruddy mongoose
Rath Mugatiya
Mustelidae
Lutra lutra
Otter
Diya-balla
VU
NT
Ursidae
Melursus ursinus
Sloth bear
Walaha
EN
VU
Viverridae
Viverricula indica
Ring-tailed civet
Urulewa
Elephantidae
Elephas maximus
Elephant
Etha / Aliya
VU
EN
Cervidae
Axis axis
Spotted deer
Tith Muwa
Cervidae
Cervus unicolor
Sambur
Gna
Cervidae
Muntiacus muntjak
Barking deer
Olu Muwa
Suidae
Sus scrofa
Wild boar
Wal Ura
Tragulidae
Moschiola meminna
Sri Lanka mouse-deer
Sri Lanka Meminna
Hystricidae
Hystrix indica
Porcupine
Ittewa
Sciuridae
Funambulus palmarum
Palm squirrel
Leena
NT
NT
TA
RY
RT
RO
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
RI
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VU
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
91
1
1

Family
Sciuridae
Leporidae
Scientific Name
Ratufa macroura
Lepus nigricollis
English Name
Giant squirrel
Black-naped hare
Sinhala Name
Dandu-leena
Wal Hawa
Total Number of Species Observed
Nuber of Indigenous Species
Numbr of Endemic Species
Numbr of Proposed Endemic Species
Number of Threatened Species
Number of Near Threatened Species
Number of Migrant Species
Number of Exotic Species
TS
CSN
CSG
UF
DF
N
N
289
255
16
5
VU
NT
1
1
67
54
5
2
4
3
6
0
13
20
11
2
5
8
75
67
3
4
3
7
1
0
SC
TA
RY
1
37
36
0
1
2
1
0
0
1
1
164
152
6
2
8
11
2
2
85
76
5
1
6
7
3
0
RT
RO
RI
47
45
1
1
1
2
0
0
1
83
72
6
2
5
5
3
0
1
151
137
6
2
4
4
5
0
92

Annex V: Photographs of the project area Habitats and flora
Plate 1 Mahasorowwa wewa, the proposed dam

would cut across the dam of the wewa
Plate 2 Mahasorowwa wewa
Plate 3 Undisturbed dry-mixed evergreen forest in Plate 4 Undisturbed dry-mixed evergreen forest
the catchment of Mahasorowwa wewa
in the catchment of Mahasorowwa wewa
Plate 5 Below the dam of Mahasorowwa wewa
Plate 6 Galbuddha kanda is seen from the bund of

Mahasorrowwa wewa
93

Plate 7 Paddy fields below the bundMahasorowwa wewa
Plate 8 Scrublands in the upstream of

Mahasorowwa wewa
Plate 9 Memecylon petiolatum, an endemic and

Vulnerable tree speciesin the forest
Plate 10 Degraded/ secondary forest- upstream

of Mahasorowwa wewa
Plate 11Rock outcrop associated vegetation in

Labu Kanda
Plate 12 Galbuddha Kanda and Mahasorowwa

wewa is seen from Labu Kanda
94

Plate 13 Rock outcrop associated vegetation- Labu Plate 14 Rock outcrop associated vegetationKanda
Labu Kanda
Plate 15 Dry-mixed evergreen forest Labu Kanda

area
Plate 16 The trunk of Diospyros ebenum

(Kaluwara) tree in the forest
Plate 17 Wrightia angustifolia fruits, an endemic

but a common tree in rock outcrops
Plate 18 Scrub vegetation in rock outcrops
95

Plate 19 Dry-mixed evergreen forest along the

dam axis- saddle dam 3 & 4




Plate 24 A soil pit at the end of the 4th saddle

dam
96

Plate 25 Abandoned tank, upstream of

Mahasorowwa wewa

Mahasorowwa wewa

Mahasorowwa wewa
Plate 28 Yakini Kanda rock outcrop
Plate 29 The road can be seen from Yakini Kanda
Plate 30 Degraded forest and paddy fields close

to the road- seen from Yakini Kanda
97

Plate 31 Weherabendi Kanda seen in the

background- from Yakini Kanda
Plate 32 Paddy fields and open area along the

road near Yakini Kanda
Plate 33 Rock outcrop associated vegetation in

Yakini Kanda

Yakini Kanda

Yakini Kanda
Plate 36 The location of main dam starting point

in Yakini Kanda
98

Plate 37 Left Bank main canal trace through home Plate 38 Left Bank main canal trace through
gardens
home gardens
Plate 39 Left Bank main canal trace through home Plate 40 Main canal of Wahalkada wewa
gardens
Plate 41 Left Bank Main canal trace, left of the

road
Plate 42 Water storage facility of Wahalkada

scheme
99

Plate 43 LB canal runs parallel to the existing

canal of Wahalkada scheme
Plate 44. The existing agricultural lands close to

the proposed irrigable area near Wehera wewa
village and Neelapannikankulam wewa.
Plate 45. Neelapanikkankulam wewa, situated north

of the proposed irrigable area.
Plate 46. The existing paddy fields.
Plate 47. The settlement near Andiagala wewa that

receives water from the Yan oya RB canal. New
resettlement area is situated towards the north-east.
100

Plate 48. Andiagala wewa, ca, 1.5 km from C-28

PKT road (Pankulama, Kivulakade, Tiriyaya).
Plate 49. The road towards Maha Alankulam wewa,

through the proposed irrigable area Kajuwatte.
Plate 50. Degraded dry-mixed evergreen forest

in the proposed irrigable area in Kajuwatte.
Plate 51. The secondary forest in the proposed

irrigable area.
Plate 52. Maha Alankulam wewa, north of the

proposed irrigable area, ca. 1.2 km from the
abandoned Army camp near 27 km post of the
C-28, PKT road.
Plate 53. Proposed resettlement area close to the 26

km post, C-28 PKT road (Pankulama- KivulakadeTiriyaya), in Kajuwatte and Maila wewa.
101

Plate 54. Scrub vegetation in the proposed

resettlement area.
Plate 55. Proposed resettlement areas close to the

PKT road.
Plate 56. Secondary forests in proposed

resettlement area.
Plate 57. The gravel road to Thalgaswewa,

Moragama & Kudathalgaswewa. The Yan oya RB
canal cross the road near Wehera wewa.
Plate 58. Paddy fields and secondary forests near

Maila wewa.
Plate 59. The gravel road to Moragama village,

paddy fields can be seen on either side of the
road.
102

Annex V:
Sri Lanka Forest Department Circular No. 28/ 1998
Number of Man Days for Planting, Maintenance of Forest Plantations and Nursery Practices
Nursery Practices (For All Areas)
Preparation of mother beds (except for teak small seed beds):
For initial processes like clearance of land, preparation of seed beds etc.
For a bed of 01m x 03 m

Sowing of seeds in a bed and shading of beds
Maintenance of a such bed for 01 month
For clearance of the land, if the mother beds are preparing in a
newly selected land / per ha
Man days
01
01
03
60
Filling of polythene pots:

Collecting and supplying of surface soils, sand and preparation of soil mixtures and stacking of
filled pots in beds etc.
For 1000 pots of 23cm x10cm (9x4)
06
08
04
Transplanting:
1.3.1 Transplanting of 1000 plants and shading them
1.5
1.3.2 Shading of 04 beds of 01mx06m in which the pots are kept 01
1.3.3 For all the maintenance purposes such as watering, applying insecticides and weeding
for 20,000 plants
01
1.3.4 Selecting of plants, grading, root pruning and re stacking
of 5,000 plants
01
1.3.5 Maintenance of the drains of the beds, making a fence with
sticks surrounding the beds to avoid the falling off the pots
10 beds
01
Teak Nurseries:
First it is essential to do mechanical tilling and ploughing of the land. After that following
processes can be carried out.
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
Preparation of a bed of 01mx10m

Pre treatment of 100kg of seeds and sowing of treated
seeds in beds
1.5
10
All the maintenance processes such as weeding, watering,

removing of insects, removing of excess leaves, cleaning of
the drains etc. for 20 beds per month
(only for first four months)
30
For 30 beds for next four months after above four months
Stated in 1.4.3
30
103

1.4.5
1.4.6
Man days
For making 500 stumps
01
Transplanting of teak stumps in polythene pots - 2000 pots 01
Loading of Stumps:
1.5.1 Loading of 2000 potted plants
1.5.2 Unloading of 2000 potted plants
01
01
Forest Planting
Boundary demarcation for surveying of the areas (demarcated boundary should be 01m wide).
Following numbers of man days are required for setting the numbered pegs and surveying.
2.1 For 01km of shrub lands
07
2.2 For 01km of grass lands and open areas
04
2.3 For high lands/secondary forests in wet zone
09
2.4 Preparation of the lands in mountainous/hilly areas:
2.4.1 Clearing of strips along 01m wide contour lines in
2.5 m x2.5m intervals and low slashing of the remaining
area per hectare
30
Arranging and marking of the strips in 2.5mx2.5m intervals
per hectare
Digging holes of 30x30x30 cm in 2.5mx2.5m intervals and
planting of potted plants per hectare
2.4.4 For distribution of plants per hectare
2.5 Preparation of land in wet and dry zones:
2.5.1 Low slashing, burning, re-burning of
un-burnt things per hectare
Arranging and marking of strips in 2.5mx2.5m intervals
per hectare
1.5
37.5
04
27
03
Digging of holes of 30 x30 x30 cm in 2.5m x2.5m intervals

And planting of potted plants per hectare
37.5
2.5.4 For distribution of plants per hectare
03
2.6 Enrichment planting in secondary forests in the dry zone:
2.6.1 Clearance of 1.5m wide strips in 10m intervals, collecting
of cuttings in to boundaries, arranging of strips and marking,
clearing a patch with diameter of 01m and digging of holes
of 30 x 30 x 30 cm in 3.0m x 3.0m distance per hectare
20
Distribution of plants and planting of potted plants
per hectare
05
2.7 Enrichment planting in secondary forests in the wet zone:
2.7.1 Clearance of 1.5m wide strips in 10m intervals, collecting of
cuttings in to boundaries, arranging of strips and marking,
of 30 x 30 x 30 cm in 3.0mx3.0m distance per hectare
23
104

Man days
Distribution of plants and planting of potted plants
per hectare
06
2.8 Converting of Pinus plantations in to broad-leaf plantations:
2.8.1 Clearance of 1.5m wide strips in 05 m intervals, collecting of
cuttings in to boundaries, arranging of strips and marking,
of 30x30x30 cm in 3.0mx3.0m distance per hectare 15
2.8.2 Distribution of plants and planting of potted plants
per hectare
08
2.7.2
Maintenance of Forest Plantations

3.1 Low slashing in 01m wide strips of forest plantations
which are in 2.5mx2.5m intervals in mountainous/hilly
areas per hectare
20
3.2 For above process in forest plantations of dry zone per hectare 27
Correct number of man days should be used when there are both wet and dry zones present in
some districts. E.g. Dry zone units should be used in the case of Mahiyangana area in Badulla
District.
3.3 For above process in forest plantations of wet zone per hectare 28
3.4 Clearing of 01m diameter areas around the trees in
mountainous/hilly areas land low slashing in forest
plantations which are in 2.5mx2.5m intervals per hectare 26
3.5 For above process (3.4) in forest plantations of dry zone
per hectare
24
3.6
Fertilizing in forest plantations which are in 2.5mx2.5m intervals
per hectare
05
3.8 Maintenance of enrichment forest plantations:
3.8.1 Clearing and cutting of vines in plantation strips in 10m x 03m
interval and patch weeding of 01diameter patches around
the plants in areas of dry zone per hectare 07
3.8.2 Clearing and cutting of vines in plantation strips in 10m x 03m
interval and patch weeding of 01 m diameter patches around
plants in areas of wet zone per hectare
08
Clearing and cutting of vines in strips when broad-leaf tree
species are planted in Pinus plantations in 05mx03m intervals
and patch weeding of 01diameter patches per hectare
10
Clearing of Fire Belts
4.1 Clearing of fire belt of 10m wide and 01 km long
4.2 Clearing of internal fire belt of 05m wide and 01 km long
65
33
105

Annex VI: Program and Minutes of the First Meeting
106

107

108

109

Annex VII: Participants of the Field Visit & Some Photos

Officers participated the Yan Oya EIA field visit on 23rd and 24th August 2011
Name
Position
Address
Eng.L.R.H.Perera
Chief Irrigation Engineer(CIE)
Department of Irrigation - Colombo
Eng. L.G.H.Edirisinghe
Chief Irrigation Engineer(CIE)
Department of Irrigation - Colombo
Miss. T.M.Rajapakse
Project Officer
Mahaweli Consultancy Bureau (Private)
Limited
Miss. Madurani Adhikari
Administrative Executive
Mahaweli Consultancy Bureau (Private)
Limited
Mr. T.B.M.L.S.Kumara
Engineering Assistant
Regional Office Irrigation Padaviya
Mr.Lakshman De Silva
Work Supervisor
Regional Office Irrigation Padaviya
Mr. Gunawardana
Work Supervisor
Regional Office
Irrigation Gomarankadawala
Mr. Attanayaka
member of farmer Association Gomarankadawala
Mr. S. Karunaratne
Team Leader/ Dam Engineer/ GSMB Technical Services (PVT) Ltd.
Irrigation and Water mgt.
Mr. K.T.U.S.De Silva
Geologist
GSMB Technical Services (PVT) Ltd.
Mr. D.A.J.Ranwala
Hydrologist /
Drainage Eng.
Prof. B.M.P.Singhakumara
Ecologist / Habitats- Flora
Dr. Devaka Weerakoon
Ecologist / Fauna
Dr. W.A.R. Wickramasinghe
Agriculture and land use
Mr. S. T. Kalubandara
GIS
Dr.(Mrs.)U.A.D.P.Gunawardane
Resource Economist
Mr. Sunil Shanthesiri
Sociologist
Mr. S.D.L.D. Jayalath
Noise and Vibration
Specialist
Mr. S.M. Irfan
Office Assistant
Mr. S.W.S.B. Wimalanath
Office Assistant
Plate 1 Wahalkada wewa
Plate 2 Wahakada wewa
110

Plate 3 Wahalkada wewa
Plate 4 Yakini Kanda in the background, starting

point of the main dam
Plate 5 Yakini Kanda in the background, the main

dam cut across the paddy field
Plate 6 Paddy fields where the main dam aixs is

located
Plate 7 Paddy fields along the main dam axis
Plate 8 The main dam axis from Yakini Kanda
111

Plate 9 Scrublands along the main dam
Plate 10 The main dam axis has been marked

before the field visit
Plate 11 The team walking along the proposed

main dam axis
Plate 12 After the paddy fields the main dam is

going through a scrubland
Plate 13 The location of Yan oya where the dam

would be built
Plate 14 Degraded riverine vegetation along the

banks of Yan Oya
112

Plate 15 Yan Oya
Plate 16 A floating bridge built across Yan Oya,

close to the location where the dam will be built
Plate 17 Weherabendi Kanda where the main dam Plate 18 Weherabendi Kanda, archeologically
ends
important site
Plate 19 Gal Buddha Kanda seen from

Plate 20 The area between Yakini Kanda (in the
Weherabendi Kanda, the first saddle dam with the background) and Weherabendi Kanda, the main
spill would be built between these two hills.
dam, 2.35 km, would be built between these two
hills
113

Annex VIII: Recommendations of Archeology

Report
114

115

116

117

118

119

Annex IX: Terms of Reference
120

A: ToR of the CEA -Proposed Yan Oya Reservoir Project

Terms of Reference issued by the Central Environmental Authority the Project Approving
Agency of the above mentioned Project.
TERMS OF REFERENCE
This ToR is valid only for one and half years from the date of issue. The EIA report should be
submitted within the validity period.
Project Name Project
: Proposed Yan Oya Reservoir Project
Project Proponent
: Department of Irrigation
Project Approving Agency : Central Environmental Authority

Report requirement
: EIA
Report format
Executive Summary
1
Introduction
2
Description of the Project and reasonable alternatives
3
Description of the existing environment
4
Description of the anticipated environmental impacts
5
Proposed mitigatory measures
6
Cost -Benefit Analysis
7
Monitoring Programme
8
Conclusion and Recommendation
ANNEXES
I
Terms of Reference
II
References
III
Sources of data & information
IV
List of preparers including their work allocation
V
Comments made by the public, NGOs and other agencies during formal and
informal scoping meetings held by the EIA Team
VI
Complete set of relevant maps, tables, charts, layout plans VI and other
details
Executive Summary
The summary should be a brief, non-technical summary of the justification of the proposed
project, description of the salient features of the project and alternatives considered, the
existing environment of the project site and its environs, key environmental impacts, the
measures proposed to mitigate the environmental impacts, monitoring programme and
conclusions. A one page summary table indicating the significant impacts and proposed
mitigatory measures should be presented.
1. INTRODUCTION
Background of the project
Objective of the proposed project and justification of the project
Summarize the need or problem been addressed by the project and how the proposed
project is expected to resolve the problem or the issue
121

Objective of the EIA report

Specify the objectives of the assessment and the relationship of the results to project
design and implementation
Methodologies and technologies adopted in report preparation
Government policy regarding the project
Any conditions laid down by state agencies in granting preliminary clearance for the
project
Conformity with other development plans in the area
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT AND REASONABLE

ALTERNATIVES
2.1 Evaluation of Alternatives
Describe reasonable alternatives considered and the basic environmental engineering and
economic parameters used in their investigation and evaluation.
Compare alternatives in terms of potential environmental impacts, mitigatory measures, capital
and operating costs, reliability, etc.
The following alternatives could be considered
-No action alternative
-Alternative site/ s
-Alternative design, technology and construction techniques
-Alternative operational and maintenance procedures
Comparison of the alternatives considered and recommendations should be given.
2.2 Description of the proposed project
2.2.1 Name of the project and project location
Give the details on extent of the project
Indicate the Divisional Secretariat Division/s and the Pradeshiya Sabha area/s within
which the project site falls.
State the present ownership of the project site. If state owned, please submit a letter of
consent
from
the
relevant
state
agency
/agencies.
A location map of suitable Scale (1:10000 scale is preferred) indicating the project site,
accessibility to the sites, surrounding developments, land use and infrastructure
facilities.
2.2.2 Drawings showing project layout plan covering the entire project area including all major
components of the project, related structures etc. and reservation areas (Dam site,
impounding area, diversion channels, reservations, resettlement sites, irrigable area/
command area).
2.2.3 Give a brief description on all major components of the project.
Permanent Structures
Details of the proposed dam, impounding area, spillway, transfer canal, branch canals,
upgrading of existing feeder canals, new feeder canals, resettlement sites, new lands
for irrigation, new township development.
122

Temporary Structures
Coffer dams, contractor's and engineer's site offices, contractors store building and
store yards, dumping sites, quarry sites, labor camps and access to these structures.
2.2.4 Methodology of construction Site preparation activities
- Land clearing, cutting, dredging, excavations filling, rock blasting etc.
-Facility construction (dam, canals, tunnels, reservoir, auxiliary facility etc.)
-Details of access roads to be built
-Construction activities related to resettlement sites and township development
-Establishment of new agricultural lands if any
-Other construction activities such as slope protection, refuse disposal,
-Material to be used -sources and amounts
2.2.5 Methodology of operation
Water distribution schedule
Repairs and maintenance activities (dredging of reservoirs, canals embankment
protection etc.)
Down stream release (this should be justified considering the down stream water users
and survival of sensitive ecological habitats)
2.2.6 Infrastructure facilities required/ provided by the project
2.2.7 Workforce requirement and availability (both-during construction and operation)
Occupational health and safety facilities required / provided
2.2.8
Details of phased implementation plan
2.2.9
State the total cost of the project/ investment and funding sources.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
STUDY AREA
The study area for the assessment shall include the following;
i)
Project site [areas directly affected by the project itself and areas indirectly affected
(substitution facilities, maintenance area etc.)Locations affected by construction
activities (quarries, refuse disposal areas, traffic diversions, work camps, temporary
access roads, etc.)].
ii)
Area beyond the project site where there is potential for environmental
impacts
Assemble, evaluate and present baseline data on the following environmental
characteristics of the study area.
This chapter should provide information on physical, biological socioeconomic, archaeological
and cultural aspects of the environment likely to be affected by any activity of the project during
and after the project. Information should be presented in a comprehensive format using tables,
maps and diagrams where appropriate. The methods used to collect data should be clearly
123

stated under each category. All technical terms should be clearly defined. The existing
environment should be described under following;
3.1.1 Topography
Provide concise information on the topography of the study area (attach a contour map with
location of project components.
3.1.2 Geology & Soil
Underline geology
Regional and local geological structure, presence of active linear faults
Rock mass strength
Soil types, distribution and thickness
Leakage conditions
Soil characteristics in relation to salinity, acidity iron toxicity, ground water recharge
and land use capabilities
Landslide potentials of the area
Mineral resources
3.1.3 Meteorology
Rainfall pattern
Wind
3.1.4 Hydrology
General description of the catchment areas of water bodies
Flow regimes during dry season
Surface drainage pattern
Occurrence of flooding and return period
Existing water use pattern of the area
Surface water quality
Ground water levels
Ground water quality
3.1.5 Land use
Existing land use pattern in the area with details of extent and types
Land use potential of the site
Zoning if any
3.1.6 Air quality & Noise
Baseline information on air quality & noise level of the study area
3.2 Biological Environment:
Proximity to existing Wildlife Reserves/Habitats National Parks, Sanctuaries, Elephant
Corridors, Wetlands and Forest Reserves
An assessment of the present ecological status including the biodiversity of the area. The
survey team should identify and map the existing habitats of fauna and flora and their
distribution in the study area. Information on endangered, rare, migratory and
commercially important flora and fauna should be given.
124

3.3 Human settlements and Land use:

Settlements within the project site/sites
Settlements in the study area
Income generation sources and patterns
Population characteristics
Socio economic status of the settlements
Present water supply and water uses (including current distribution of irrigation
schemes)
Cultural, historical, protected resources and archaeological aspects/ considerations
Existing infrastructure facilities, transportation, communications, power supply,
housing and sanitation, health care (hospitals) schools, water supply etc
Existing Environmental considerations/ problems or issues prevailing in the area.
4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECT
This chapter should show the overall effects of the project on the individual environmental
components. Impacts should include the direct and indirect, long and short-term positive and
negative effects. Significance of impacts should be assessed using appropriate techniques. In all
cases where an assessment is made it should be quite clear what criteria have been employed to
assess impacts. Where possible, effects should be quantified, uncertainties highlighted and the
basis of predictions should be stated and justified through case studies/models, literature etc.
Nature of impacts should be considered in terms of magnitude, severity, duration, frequency,
risk and indirect effects. Cumulative impacts on the environment which results from the
incremental impact of the action when added to the past, present, and reasonably foreseeable
future actions regardless of what agency or person undertakes such other actions should also be
stated.
4.1 Impacts to soil and topography
Surface runoff and erosion during construction
Slope failures and landslides due to heavy earth works and reservoir
establishment
Land degradation due to vegetation removal, farm land development
4.2 Hydrology and water quality impacts
Sedimentation of river basin during construction
Water pollution due to contaminant leakage from machinery and workers sites
Change in surface water flow
Change of ground water table
Disruption of surface water flow
Disruption of ground water flow
Occurrence of water logging and flooding
Favorable aspects of impoundment on project area.
Water contamination due to development of new agricultural lands
4.3 Impacts on Mineral Resources
Impacts on downstream mineral deposits especially mineral deposits in Pulmudai area
4.4 Ecological impacts
Impacts on terrestrial fauna and flora due to loss, fragmentation and change of habitat
125

Impacts on aquatic fauna and flora due to change in water quantity, quality and
associated changes in habitat environment.
Impacts on nearby forest reserves (if any)
Number and name of each tree species having diameter more than 30
Centimeters at the breast height which have been identified to be removed should be
given
Impacts on nearby wildlife reserves/ interference with wildlife migration
Disruption of fish migration due to dam construction
Impacts on wetlands due to changes in water balance
Introduction of invasive species due to hydrological alternatives
Impact on rare / endemic species
Impact on biological diversity
4.5 Impacts on Agricultural Fields

Paddy cultivation
Chena lands
Home gardens and other
Other cash crops
4.6 Air Pollution
Exhaust gas from machinery, vehicular traffic
Dust from construction
4.7 Noise / Vibration
Noise / vibration of machinery and equipment
4.8 Sociological/cultural impacts
-Relocation of people
-Change/disruption of life style
-Conflict between resident people and relocated community
-Relocation of income generating activities
-Change in economic infrastructure
-Change in land use pattern
-Change in commercial activities
-Impacts on property values
-Effects on education
-Effects on health
-Impacts on quality of life
-Employment generation during construction and operation
-Impacts on sites and monuments of historical cultural and significance
-Impacts on existing transportation system of the area
Impacts
on
existing
water
usage/
extraction/
irrigation
schemes
5. PROPOSED MITIGATORY MEASURES

This chapter should set out the proposed measures to minimize the impacts identified in
Chapter 4 to acceptable levels including conformity to gazetted Sri Lankan standards.
Alternative methods of mitigation should be discussed and the effectiveness of the proposed
measures that are to be provided should be stated. Mitigation methods should be defined in
126

specific practical terms. A rationale should also be presented for selection of chosen mitigatory
measures.
Special emphasis should be given on the following;
-Wildlife management plans
-Compensatory a forestation programs
-Resettlement plans (in conformity within National Involuntary Resettlement Policy) .
-Measures to salvage / relocate archaeological/cultural monuments (Recommendations of
the Archeological Impact Assessments should be submitted)
-Soil erosion control/land stabilization measures
-Noise & vibration control measures
-Debris/waste disposal facilities
-Measures to salvage / rehabilitate or improve wildlife reserves
-Measures to improve habitats
-Restoration of land in construction areas
-Measures to ensure the existing riparian rights of the area
-Public health measures to control vector and water borne diseases
-Mitigatory measures for dam failures
-Reestablishment / restoration of infrastructure
6. EXTENDED COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
-Environmental impacts identified in Chapter 4 of the EIA should be quantified and monetized
to the extent feasible to facilitate ECBA
-Environmental costs and benefits arising out of proposed project due to project activities
should be discussed
-When assessing costs and benefits of the project they should be clearly presented for the life
span of the project
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
A suitable monitoring programme should be submitted to monitor the changes of environment
and implementation of mitigatory measures. This plan should include the following;
-Parameters to be monitored
-Frequency of monitoring
-Location / timing of sampling
-Institutional framework for mitigation of impacts
-Responsible agency / agencies of monitoring
-Availability of funds, expertise, facilities
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The environmental acceptability of the proposed project and key findings and
recommendations of the assessment should be given. The consultants should make a firm
recommendation on one of the alternatives based on the findings of the assessment.
Any programme to improve general environmental conditions can also be stated here
B. Other Details regarding the Consultancy Study
1. Out puts
The following reports should be produced according to the agreed time schedule to achieve
the overall Target.
a) The Inception Report should include but not limiting to following details of the assignment
to be forwarded at the end of 02nd week. (Minimum no. of copies expected -15 nos. in
127

English)
-Chapter 1 -Details of the Components indicated under the Introduction of the ToR
-Chapter 2 -Details of the Components indicated under the Descriptions of the Proposed
Project & Reasonable Alternatives considered, of the ToR.
b) Draft-Final Report -should include but not limiting to the following details of the
assignment to be forwarded at the end of 8th week. (Minimum no. of copies expected -15 nos.
in English)
~
All the following details in draft form:
Executive Summary
Chapters
1
Introduction
2
Description of the proposed project and Reasonable Alternatives considered
3
Description of the existing environment
4
Descriptions of the anticipated environmental impacts
5
Proposed mitigatory measures
6
Cost -Benefit analysis
7
Monitoring programme
8
Conclusion & recommendation
Annexes
(i)
Terms of Reference
(ii)
References
(iii)
Sources of data, information
(iv)
List of preparers including their work allocation
(v)
Comments made by the public, NGOs and other agencies during formal and informal
scoping meetings held by the EIA Team
(vi)
Complete set of relevant maps, tables, charts, layout plans and other details.
e) Final Report should include the following details of the Assignment to be forwarded at the
end of 12th week. (Minimum no. of copies expected -40 nos. in English)
Final EIA report should include final version of all the components as per the above sub item
(D)
Draft final report
f) Final Report (after including the comments of the PAA) should be forwarded in three
languages English, Sinhala & Tamil to the Project Approving Agency CEA. (Minimum no. of
copies expected -40 nos. in English, 40 nos. in Sinhala, 15 nos. in Tamil).
2. Responsibilities of the consultant
The study team should work with the staff (TEC) of the Irrigation Department and MCB (Pvt.)
Ltd. They should identify the needs clearly and perform the assignment-by-liaising with all
concerned parties. The study team should also coordinate its work with the various concerned
line agencies/ Departments of the other GOSL Ministries particularly their field officers.
The study team needs to pursue the matters at all levels to carry out the study. They should
posses the required professional team and capabilities to perform the study.
The consultants should also be able to work independently and coordinate the team to
128

meet the desired objectives.

3. Responsibilities of the MCB (Pvt.) Ltd.
The following will be provided by the MCB (Pvt.) Ltd.
-Map of the project area.
-MCB (Pvt.) Ltd. will make available the reports and other information available with the
MCB (Pvt.) Ltd.
-Secure permission or entry into project area.
The MCB (Pvt.) Ltd. would nominate officer/officers to monitor the work carrying out by
the consultant.
4. Duration of the study
Study should be conducted within 03 months period.
5 Team of the Consultant -Experience & Required qualifications of the study team
It is expected that the consultant team would comprise team of competent specialists mainly in
the following discipline. But it is optional for consultancy firms to suggested additional suitable
manning schedule for each specialist. They must be professionally competent in their own field
of expertise preferably they also have experience in implementing similar projects. Individual
qualification required for key specialists are given below.
129

Annex X: References
130

Bates, P.J.J. and Harrison, D.L. (1997). Bats of the Indian sub continent. Harrison
Zoological Museum. London.
Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (Editor), 2006. Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy,
Research and Conservation. The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka &
Government of Sri Lanka. viii + 308pp
Bedjanic, M., Conniff, K. & G. de S. Wijeyeratne (2007) Dragonflies of Sri Lanka. Jetwing
Eco holidadays.248p.
Bundestag G. (Ed), 1990. Protecting the Tropical Forests: A High Priority International
Task. Bonner Universitats-Buchdruckerei: Bonn.
Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau Yan Oya Padaviya Agricultural Extension
Project Feasibility Study (Volume 1 Main Report, Volomu II Annex) January
1994
Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau Yan Oya Reservoir Project Advance
Report on Updating the Feasibility Study - April 2006
China CAMC Engineering Co Ltd. Technical Proposal of Yan Oya Reservoir Project in
Sri Lanka.
Cooray, P.G., Geology of Sri Lanka
Department of Agriculture (2009) Cost of Production of Agricultural Crops
d Abrera B., (1998), The Butterflies of Ceylon, wildlife Heritage trust, Sri Lanka
Das, I. & Anslem de Silva. 2005. Photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Sri
Lanka. New Holland Publishers, UK.Ltd. 144 pp.
Dassanayake, M. D. and Clayton, W. D. (eds.) (1996 - 2000). A Revised Handbook to the
Flora of Ceylon, Vols. X XIV, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi;
Dassanayake, M. D. and Fosberg, F. R. (eds.) (1980). A Revised Handbook to the Flora
of Ceylon, Vol. I, Amerind Publishing, New Delhi;
Dassanayake, M. D. and Fosberg, F. R. (eds.) (1981 - 1991). A Revised Handbook to the
Flora of Ceylon, Vols. II - VII, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi;
131

Dassanayake, M. D., Clayton, W. D. and Shaffer-Fehre, M. (eds.) (2006). A Revised

Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vols. XV Part A & Part B, Science Publishers, USA.
Dassanayake, M. D., Fosberg, F. R. and Clayton, W. D. (eds.) (1994 - 1995). A Revised
Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vols. VIII - IX, Oxford & IBH Publishing, New
Delhi.
De Silva, S.S. Reservoir bed preparation in relation to fisheries development: an
evaluation. In: Reservoir Fishery Management and Development in Asia (ed. S.S.
De Silva): 12130. International Development Research Centre. Ottawa, Canada
Geological Map of Vavuniya Trincomalee on 1:100,000 scale (Sheet No. 6) published
by the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) in 2010
Geological Map of Pankulam on 1:50,000 scale, published by the Geological Survey and
Mines Bureau (GSMB) in 2010
Geological Map of Horowpotana on 1:50,000 scale, published by the Geological Survey
and Mines Bureau (GSMB) in 2010
Goonatilake, S. de A. (2007) Freshwater Fishes of Sri Lanka. (Sinhala text) Biodiversity
Secretariat, Ministry of Environment and natural Resources. 134p.
Harrison, J. 1999. A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. Oxford University Press.
Houghton, R.A., Boone, R.D., Fruci, J.R., Hobbie, J.E., Melillo, J.M., Palm, C.A., Peterson
B.J., Shaver, G.R., Woodwell, G.M., Moore, B. , Skole, D.L., Myers, N. 1987. The Flux of
Carbon from Terrestrial Ecosystems to the Atmosphere in 1980 due to Changes in
Land Use: Geographical Distribution of the GlobalFlux, Tellus 39B: 122-139.
IUCN (2004) INTEGRATING WETLAND ECONOMIC VALUES INTO RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT: SRI
LANKA COMPONENT, DRAFT REPORT PREPARED BY THE IUCN SRI LANKA COUNTRY OFFICE.
IUCN (2011). The list of threatened species. WWW.IUCN.redlist.org
IUCN Sri Lanka and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (2007) The
2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
xiii+148pp.
Kotagama S. & Fernando, P. (1994) A field guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. WHT
Publications, Sri Lanka. 224 pp.
132

Manamendra-Arachchi, K. and Pethiyagoda, R. (2006). Amphibians of Sri Lanka. (text in

Sinhala). Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka.440p.+ 88pls.
Monitiring reports, the DZLiSPP programme IFAD, the Ministry of Agriculture
Pearce, D., Markandya, A., Barbier, E.B., 1989. Blueprint for a Green Economy,
Earthscan Publications Limited, London.
Phillips, W.W.A. 1935. Manual of the Mammals of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science,
Dulau and Company, London.
Senaratna, L.K. (2001). A check list of the flowering plants of Sri Lanka. National
Science Foundation, Colombo 451pp.
Wijeyeratne, G, De S. (2008) A Photographic guide to Mammals of Sri Lanka. New
Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. 128p.
133

Annex XI: Sources of Data & Information
134

Sources of Data & Information

Data and information for preparing this report have been gathered from the
following sources.
1. Available published and unpublished data at government institutions.
2. Field surveys conducted by the EIA study team.
3. Interviewing villagers, NGOs, and other local societies.
4. Discussions with relevant officials of local government institutions
5. Discussions with officers of Irrigation Department.
135

Annex XII:
List of Prepares Including Their Work Allocation
136

Mr. S. Karunaratne
Mr. K.T.U.S.De Silva
Mr. D.A.J.Ranwala
Prof. B.M.P.
Singhakumara
Team Leader
/Dam
Engineer/
Irrigation and
Water Mgt.
Conducting and coordination of

the studies Coordination &
execution of the study Conducting
the scoping session Quality
control of work done by individual
consultant
Geologist
Responsible for activities relevant

to Geology
Hydrologist

to Hydrology -
Ecologist/
HabitatsFlora
Responsible for supervision of

activities regarding Floral ecology
including terrestrial and aquatic
flora & providing relevant outputs.
minimum 5 years of project

management / team leader after
obtaining postgraduate qualification &
Minimum 15 years working experience
after basic degree.
MSc. / MA/Post Graduate Diploma in
Geology with minimum 5 years
experience in similar projects after
minimum of 10 years experience after
obtaining basic degree
MSc. / Post Graduate Diploma in
Hydrology with minimum 5 years
experience ip similar projects after
MSc./Post Graduate Diploma in
Ecology (Flora) with minimum of 5
years experience in similar projects
after obtaining postgraduate
qualification & minimum of 10 years
experience after basic degree. He
should possess experience in Floral
Ecology
137

Prof. Devaka
Weerakoon
Mr. Sunil
Shanthesiri
Dr. (Mrs.) U.A.D.P.

Gunawardane
Dr. W.A.R.
Wickramasinghe
Ecologist
/Fauna
Sociologist
Environment
Economist
Agronomist/
Agriculture &
land use

activities regarding faunal ecology
including terrestrial and aquatic
fauna and providing relevant
outputs.
MSc./Post graduate Diploma in

Ecology (Fauna) with minimum of 5
experience after basic degree. He
should posses -experience in faunal
Ecology
Responsible for activities

regarding sociological, cultural
and human resettlement
MA/Postgraduate Diploma in sociology

with 5 years experience in similar
projects after obtaining postgraduate
experience after basic degree
Responsible for activities

regarding environmental
economics and Cost r benefit
analysis. Preparation of the cost of
the proposed remedial &
mitigation measures.

Environmental Economics with
minimum j years experience in similar
experience after obtaining basic degree

to Agriculture/Agronomy

Agriculture with minimum 5 years
138

Mr. K. M.
Prematilake
Mr. S. T.
Kalubandara
Mr. S.D.L.D. Jayalath
Hydrogeologist

to Geo-hydrological study
including the Impacts of ground
water Table
GIS Specialist

activities regarding GIS
application and remote sensing
and preparation of GIS Maps.
Noise &
Vibration
Specialist

to air quality/noise and vibration
etc.
MSc. / PostGraduate Diploma in

Hydrogeology with minimum 5 years
MSc. / Post Graduate Diploma in GIS
/Remote Sensing with minimum of 5
experience after obtaining basic
degree..
Environmental Science with minimum
of 5 years experience in similar
experience
139

Annex XIII:
Comments Made by the Public, NGOs & Other
Agencies during Formal & Informal Scoping Meetings
Held by the EIA Team
140

Comments made by the public, NGOs and other agencies during the formal and
informal scoping meeting held by the EIA team
During the study contacted and discuses with the key informants and institutions. Their
views are given in a summary form below
The area coming under the purview of the proposed Yan-oya project was
constantly under terrorist threat during the past three decades, and hence no
significant development has taken place.
This state of affairs affected agriculture in particular with inadequate irrigation
water, compelling the farmers to limit their activities to rain-fed agriculture
during the maha season. Their life-styles also had changed accordingly. High
incidence of poverty is the main problem in the area. If they have access to
adequate supplies of irrigation water during both maha and yala seasons their
living standards will definitely change for the better. Therefore this project is
bound to have a positive impact on the communities living in the area.
The families getting displaced as a result of the present project is the most
important social issue to be addressed. As such prompt and systematic action
should be taken to resettle the displaced families in a way that would lead to the
minimization of the effects of such negative impacts
During the project implementation period, if it is possible to divert the proposed
canal path which disturbs the human settlements, it will be possible to reduce the
number of evacuees or could result in zero evacuees' level due to main canal.
It should provide with irrigation facilities under the proposed Yan-oya project to
the resettlement sites. It is also possible to make this area community friendly
with the construction of the necessary infrastructure facilities.
141

Annex XIV:
Complete Set of Relevant Maps, Tables, Charts,

Layout Plans & Other Details
142

All the tables, charts, lay out plans and other details are included in respective sections
of the report for easy reference.
Figures are attached in this section
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Yan Oya Reservoir Project Environmental Impact Assessment Final Report Volume II – Annexes

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Yan Oya Reservoir Project Environmental Impact Assessment Final Report Volume II – Annexes

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Environmental Impact Assessment