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Life Science Archives (LSA)

ISSN: 2454-1354
Volume 1; Issue - 3; Year 2015; Page: 196 - 199

Research Article

ESTIMATION OF PHYSICO - CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON SILVER

BEACH MARINE WATER OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT
P. Premalatha1, C. Sivasubramanian1, P Satheeshkumar1, M. Jeganathan2 and M. Balakumari2
1

Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur - 613 010, Tamil Nadu,
India.
2
Designed Environment Academy and Research Institute, Trichy - 621 213, Tamilnadu, India.
E.mail: jegann1978@gmail.com
Abstract
An ocean is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean
is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which occupies two-thirds of planet's surface.
These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic),
and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly
speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the World Ocean) that land partly or fully
encloses. The sea water consist of an average of 35 g/1000 ml of dissolved compounds collectively called
salts or practical salinity units (psu) which include Cl - (55.04 %), Na+ (30.61 %), SO4 2- (7.68 %), Mg2+ (3.69
%), Ca2+ (1.16 %), K+ (1.10 %) as major constituents and HCO3 - (0.41 %), Br (0.19 %), H3BO3 (0.07 %)
and St2+ (0.04 %) apart from 0.01 % of dissolved substances of several inorganic salts needed for living of
the organisms in sea.
Article History
Received : 13.04.2015
Revised : 18.05.2015
Accepted : 25.05.2015
1. Introduction

Earth is the only planet that is known to

have an ocean (or any large amounts of open
liquid water). Saline water covers approximately
72% of the planet's surface (~3.6x108 km2) and is
customarily divided into several principal oceans
and smaller seas, with the ocean covering
approximately 71% of the Earth's surface. The
ocean contains 97% of the Earth's water,
and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of
the World Ocean has been explored. The total
volume is approximately 1.3 billion cubic

Key words: Physico-chemical characteristics,

Marine water, Silver beach and Cuddalore district.

kilometers (310 million cu mi) with an average

depth of 3,682 meters (12,080 ft).
The ocean principally comprises Earth's
hydrosphere and therefore is integral to all known
life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences
climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of
230,000 known species, although much of the
ocean's depths remain unexplored, and over two
million marine species
are
estimated
to
exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains
unknown; oceans are believed to have formed in
the Hadean period and may have been the impetus
for the emergence of life.

* Corresponding author: P. Premalatha

E-mail: jegann1978@gmail.com

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P. Premalatha/ Life Science Archives (LSA), Volume 1, Issue 3, Page 196 to 199, 2015
2. Materials and Methods
19

Phenols

mg/l

IS:3025(43)

20

Manganese

mg/l

35 of IS:
3025

21

Chromium

mg/l

IS:2488(II)

22

Copper

mg/l

IS:3025(42)

23

Selenium

mg/l

IS:2488(II)

24

Cadmium

mg/l

IS:3025(41)

25

Arsenic

mg/l

IS:3025(37)

26

Boron

mg/l

IS:2488(III)

Marine Water Quality

Keeping in view of water-spread area,
were identified to ascertain the present status of
marine water quality. At the station, using
Technico Craft depth sampler, marine water
samples were collected at the surface (at 0.30 M)
and at 10 M depth (where the depth was more than
10 M) in the year of 2013-2014 and analyzed for
physico chemical parameters as per standard
procedures.
Table 1: Methodology adopted for marine water
analysis
S.
No

Parameter

Taste &
Odour
pH

Colour

Turbidity
Total
Dissolved
Solids
Total
Hardness

5
6

197
Distillation
followed by
colourimetric(4Aminoantipyrine)
Colourimetric
(Persulfate)
Colourimetric
(diphenyl
carbazide)
AtomicAbsorption
pectrophotometric
AtomicAbsorption
pectrophotometric
AtomicAbsorption
pectrophotometric
AtomicAbsorption
pectrophotometric
Colourimetric
(Curcumin)
Mercury Analyser
AtomicAbsorption
pectrophotometric
Colourimetric
(Dithizone)
From Na,K,Ca &
Mg values

27

Mercury

mg/l

IS:3025(48)

Method

28

Lead

mg/l

IS:3025(47)

IS:3025(5/7)

As perceived

29

Zinc

mg/l

IS:3025(49)

IS:3025(11)

IS:2488(V)

IS:3025(10)

Digital pH meter
Comparison with
standards
Nephlometric

mg/l
mg/l

IS:3025(44)
IS:2488(V)

Dichromate reflux

mg/l

IS:3025(16)

Gravimetric

mg/l

IS:3025(39)

Gravimetric

mg/l

IS:3025(21)

Unit
As
perceived
Hazan
Units
NTU

Reference

IS:3025(4)

Iron

mg/l

32 of
IS:3025

Chloride

mg/l

IS:3025(32)

Residual
chlorine

mg/l

IS:3025(26)

10

Calcium

mg/l

IS:3025(40)

11

Magnesium

mg/l

IS:3025(46)

12

Alkalinity

mg/l

IS:3025(23)

13

Dissolved
Solids

mg/l

IS:3025(38)

14

Sulphate

mg/l

IS:3025(24)

15

Flouride

mg/l

IS:2488(II)

16

Nitrate

mg/l

IS:3025(34)

17

Cynaide

mg/l

IS:3025(27)

18

Pesticide

mg/l

IS:2488(III)

30
31
32
33

Titrimetric
(EDTA)
Colourimetric
(Phenonthrolein)
Titrimetric
(Argentometric)
Titrimetric
Titrimetric
(EDTA)
Titrimetric (by
difference Total
hardness and
calcium hardness)
Colour indicator
filtration
Winkler
titrimetric azide
modification
Turbiditimetric/
Gravimetric
Distillation
followed by
colourimetric
(SPANDS)
Colorimetric
(PDA)
Colorimetric
(Pyridine
bispyrazolone)
Gas
chromatograph

Percent
sodium
BOD
COD
Oil &
Grease

3. Results and Discussion

Marine water
The sea water consist of an average of 35
g/1000 ml of dissolved compounds collectively
called salts or practical salinity units (psu) which
include Cl- (55.04 %), Na+ (30.61 %), SO4 2- (7.68
%), Mg2+ (3.69 %), Ca2+ (1.16 %), K+ (1.10 %) as
major constituents and HCO3 - (0.41 %), Br (0.19
%), H3BO3 (0.07 %) and St2+ (0.04 %) apart from
0.01 % of dissolved substances of several
inorganic salts needed for living of the organisms
in sea.
The temperature of the surface water
during the sampled months reveals that there is a
mild variation in the temperature of the surface
water. When compared with bottom water, this
may be due to the less intense sunlight reaching
the bottom water. But the temperature recorded
was within the tolerable limit. So that it can
promote the activity of the birds and will not
affect the existence of birds. Similar result has
been reported by Kaur et al. (2000).

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P. Premalatha/ Life Science Archives (LSA), Volume 1, Issue 3, Page 196 to 199, 2015
The BOD and DO values were inter related
there by an increasing DO reduces the BOD.
Similar results have been reported by Sedamkar
and Angadi (2003). Similar results has also been
observed by Asthana and Asthana et al. (2002).
The limit of DO concentration in Inland waters for
use as raw water for public water supply and for
water batching is 3 mg/L. It was observed that the
DO concentration was high, hence it can be used
not only for irrigational but suits the birds.
Table 2: Marine water quality data in Silver beach

pH
Temperature
Turbidity
Salinity
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Dissolved Oxygen
BOD
COD
Oil & grease
Total Hardness
Calcium Hardness
Magnesium Hardness
Alkalinity
Chloride
Sulphate
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

Feb 2014

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Jan 2014

Parameter

Dec 2013

S.
No

Nov 2013

(Mean values)

8.49
27.7
17
34.76
36213
25
7.14
3
72
1.95
6890
1430
5460
149
19631
2756
10596
431
576
1311

8.48
27
13
34.95
36383
24
7.16
3
72
1.21
6922
1436
5485
150
19723
2769
10646
433
579
1317

8.40
27.2
13
35.04
36483
24
7.36
3
79
1.16
6941
1440
5500
151
19777
2776
10675
434
580
1321

8.48
27.5
16
35.23
36677
24
7.31
3
86
0.71
6978
1448
5530
152
19883
2791
10732
436
583
1328

The amount of Chloride has not exceeded

25 mg/L during the months of water sampling
where as the limit of chloride for even drinking
water is found to the 25 mg/L. Hence the chloride
is of desirable value. Similar result has been
reported by Dhamiya and Jain (1995), from
Jabalpur. But Kaur et al. (2000) has reported
higher chloride values in certain lakes of
Coimbatore which may be due to domestic and
other effluents.
The values of Total hardness are well
below the total alkalinity which shows that the
hardness is imparted by the carbonates of calcium
and magnesium, which is called as temporary

198

hardness. The Sulphate values have also been a

minimum in both the surface and bottom waters.
Similarly Sedamkar and Angadi et al. (2003) has
reported lesser value of sulphate in Umshyrpi
River in the pre monsoon period and higher
values<100 has been reported in Hussain sagar
lake in Andhra which may be due to human
activities. When phosphate content in considered
it has shown slight increase in the month of Feb
(0.158 mg/L) when compared with Dec. value
0.0025 mg/L and such trend may be due to
excretory materials added by the migratory birds.
Kaur et al. (2000) has also reported phosphate in
the ranges of 0.098 mg/L for about two Years
from Kanjli wetland. Such lesser phosphate value
suggests the absence of pollution in terms of
domestic and Industrial effluents. It is also clear
that there is no chance for eutrophication where
algal blooms may dominate the ecosystem.
4. Conclusion
pH values were found to be in the range of
7.96 8.15. At all locations Oil & Grease,
Phenols, Cyanides, Sulphides and insecticides
were found to be absent and most of the heavy
metals values were found to be below the
detectable limits. Also, low BOD/COD values
and good D.O. content at these locations indicate
that the natural restoration of marine water quality
is maintained.
5. Reference
1) APHA. 1991. American Public Health
Association. Standard Methods for the
Exmination of Water and Waste water. APHA.
AWWA. New York USA.
2) Asthana and Asthana. 2002. Studies on the
effect of Sugar mill effluent on ground water
quality of Pettavaithalai area, Tiruchirappallli.
IJEP, 23(6): 663 - 666.
3) Dhamiya and Jain. 1995. Quality assessment
of ground water in a part of Sundargarh
district. IJEP, 19(4): 273 - 278.
4) ISI, 1991.Indian Standard Specification for
driving water, IS: 10500.ISI New Delhi
5) Kaur, H., H.S. Patode, S.V. Sewdikar, D.B.
Panaskar and G. Gyananath. 2000. Trace
elements in ground water of Tuppa area, New

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P. Premalatha/ Life Science Archives (LSA), Volume 1, Issue 3, Page 196 to 199, 2015

199

Nanded, Maharashtra. Poll Res., 22(4): 595 599.

6) Sedakar, K.N and M. Angadi. 2003.
Characterization, Treatment and cost analysis
studies of textile processing waste water of
vatva industrial complex. IJEP, 24(11): 833 837.

2015 Published by JPS Scientific Publications Ltd. All rights reserved