leonardo da vinci

Raphael

Michael angelo

Titian

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino[2] (Italian: [raffallo santsjo da urbino]; April 6 or March 28, 1483 April
6, 1520),[3] known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architectof the High Renaissance. His work
is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of
the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he
forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.[4]
Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at
37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in theVatican Palace, where the
frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work
is The School of Athens in the VaticanStanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome much of
his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was
extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his
collaborative printmaking. After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more
widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities
were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three
styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years
(15041508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant
twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates.

Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1488/1490[1] 27 August 1576[2]), known in English
as Titian (/tn/), was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian
school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno (in Veneto, Republic of Venice).[3] During his
lifetime he was often called da Cadore, taken from the place of his birth.
Recognized by his contemporaries as "The Sun Amidst Small Stars" (recalling the famous final line
of Dante's Paradiso), Titian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with
portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods,
particularly in the application and use of color, would exercise a profound influence not only on
painters of the Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western art.[4]
During the course of his long life, Titian's artistic manner changed drastically[5] but he retained a
lifelong interest in color. Although his mature works may not contain the vivid, luminous tints of his
early pieces, their loose brushwork and subtlety of tone are without precedent in the history
of Western painting. He was noted for his mastery of colour.

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, more commonly Leonardo da Vinci, (Italian: [leonardo da vinti] (
listen);

15 April 1452 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included

invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature,

anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He has been variously called
the father of paleontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest
painters of all time.[1] Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank,[2][3]
[4]

his genius epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.

Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as a great exemplar of the "Renaissance Man", an
individual of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination". [5] According to art
historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded
history, and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and
remote".[5] Marco Rosci, however, notes that while there is much speculation regarding his life and
personality, his view of the world was logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods
he employed were unorthodox for his time.[6]
Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci in the
region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Andrea
del Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan.
He later worked in Rome, Bologna andVenice, and he spent his last years in France at the home
awarded him by Francis I.

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 18 February 1564) (Italian

pronunciation: [mikelandelo]),

was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High

Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.

[1]

Considered as the greatest living artist in his lifetime, he has since been held as one of the

greatest artists of all time.[1] Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the
disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of
the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.
A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in
existence.[1] His output in every field during his long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of
correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account, he is the bestdocumented artist of the 16th century.
Two of his best-known works, the Piet and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his
low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the
history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar
wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at
the Laurentian Library. At the age of 74 he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the
architect of St. Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo transformed the plan, the western end being finished
to Michelangelo's design, the dome being completed after his death with some modification.

In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist

whose biography was published while he was alive.[2] Two biographies were published of him during
his lifetime; one of them, by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all artistic
achievement since the beginning of the Renaissance, a viewpoint that continued to have currency in
art history for centuries.