PRACTICUM REPORT

Name

: Tito Wira Pramudita

NPM

: 1506789215

Faculty

: Faculty of Engineering

Major

: Civil Engineering

Experiment

: Heat Disspation of Hot Wire

Experiment Code

: KR-01

Experiment Week

: IV

Group

: 15

Friday Morning International

Basic Science Education Executor Unit
(UPP-IPD)
Universitas Indonesia
Depok

1. Experiment Objective
To use hot wire as a sensor of air flow velocity.

2. Theory

Single normal probe is a type of hotwire that most commonly used as a sensor to
give the information of flow velocity from axial direction only. A probe like this is made of
a single metal soft wire that combines at 2 steel wires. Each edge of the probe is connected
to a voltage source. Electricity energy that flows in that probe will dissipate by the wire to
become heat energy. The amount of electricity energy which has been dissipated is
comparable with voltage, electricity flow that flows in that probe and the amount of time of
the electricity flows.

P = v i t......... (1)

If the probe blew by air, then it will change the value of wire resistance so it will
change the amount of electricity that flows. The faster the air velocity that flows, the bigger
value of resistance change and the electricity that flows will change too.

Air flow from the fan

The sum of heat movements accepted by the probe is state by overheat ration that
formulated by:

Overheat ratio = Rw/Ra

Rw: wire resistances at operation temperature (blew by air)

Ra: wire resistances at ambient (room) temperature

Hot wire probe must has been calibrated to determine the equation that state the
relation of wire voltage (E) with reference velocity (U) after the equation is obtained, then
the information of velocity in every experiment can be evaluated by using that equation.
The equation that we get is formed in linear equation and polynomial equation.

Hot wire probe must has been calibrated to determine the equation that state the
relation of wire voltage (E) with reference velocity (U) after the equation is obtained, then
the information of velocity in every experiment can be evaluated by using that equation.
The equation that we get is formed in linear equation and polynomial equation.

The experiment that we will do is to measure wire voltage at ambient temperature

and measure wire voltage if it is being flowed by air flow with the velocity that produce by
fan.
Air flow velocity by fan will be varied by the power given to the fan, 70 m/s, 110
m/s, 150m/s, 190 m/s and 230 m/s.

3. Equipment

1. Hotwire
2. Fan
3. Voltmeter and Ampere meter
4. Adjustable power supply
5. Video Recorder
6. Unit PC with DAQ and automatic controlling ware

4. Experiment Procedure

The R-lab experiment can be doing by click the R-lab button below the experiment
module, and with the data taken:

1. This rLab experiment can be done by clicking the rLab button in the bottom site of link.
2. Activating the web cam (click the video icon in the rLab website).
3. Adding the air flow with the 0m/s velocity, with clicking the option drop down in the
icon atur kecepatan aliran.
4. Turning on the fan by clicking the radio button in the icon menghidupkan power supply
kipas.
5. Measuring the voltage and the electrical flow in the hot wire by clicking the ukur icon.
6. Repeating the second step until the fourth step for the velocity of 70 m/s, 110 m/s, 150
m/s, 190 m/s and 230 m/s.

5. Tasks and Evaluation

1. Based on the data available, make a graph depicting relations with voltage hotwire
and time of every airflow speed.
2. Based on data and graph above, make a graph depicting the relation of average
voltage of hotwire with speed of the flow of wind.
3. Make an equation of wind speed as a function of voltage hotwire.
4. Based on experiment and the data available, can we use hotwire wires to measure
wind speed?
5. Give analysis of the experiment results.

V. Observation Data
a.Velocity of air flow 0 m/s

No Waktu Kec Angin V-HW I-HW

1

2.112

54.4

2.112

54.4

2.112

54.4

2.112

54.3

2.112

54.1

2.112

54.0

2.112

53.9

2.111

53.9

2.111

54.0

10

10

2.112

54.1

b.Velocity of air flow is 70 m/s

No Waktu Kec Angin V-HW I-HW
1

70

2.094

54.7

70

2.095

54.2

70

2.096

54.0

70

2.097

54.1

70

2.096

54.4

70

2.095

54.8

70

2.096

54.5

70

2.096

54.1

70

2.095

54.0

10

10

70

2.095

54.1

c.Velocity of air flow is 110 m/s

No Waktu Kec Angin V-HW I-HW

1

110

2.082

54.5

110

2.083

54.3

110

2.082

54.1

110

2.082

54.1

110

2.082

54.2

110

2.082

54.3

110

2.082

54.4

110

2.081

54.6

110

2.082

54.8

10

10

110

2.081

54.9

d.Velocity of air flow is 150 m/s

No Waktu Kec Angin V-HW I-HW

1

150

2.075

54.5

150

2.074

54.3

150

2.075

54.2

150

2.075

54.2

150

2.074

54.4

150

2.074

54.7

150

2.074

55.0

150

2.074

55.1

150

2.074

55.0

10

10

150

2.074

54.6

e.Velocity of air flow is 190 m/s

No Waktu Kec Angin V-HW I-HW

1

190

2.069

54.5

190

2.070

54.2

190

2.070

54.3

190

2.070

54.6

190

2.070

55.0

190

2.070

55.2

190

2.070

55.0

190

2.070

54.6

190

2.070

54.3

10

10

190

2.070

54.2

f.Velocity of air flow is 230 m/s

No Waktu Kec Angin V-HW I-HW

1

230

2.068

55.2

230

2.068

55.1

230

2.067

54.9

230

2.067

54.6

230

2.068

54.3

230

2.067

54.3

230

2.067

54.4

230

2.067

54.7

230

2.067

55.0

8
9

10

10

230

2.067

55.2

6. Data Processing and Calculation

a. Graphing the relation of hot wire (x-axis) with every velocity of air flow (yaxis), because of limited time for doing experiment through RLab so we got this
two graph.

b. Graphing the relation between voltage with the air velocity, From the graph
above we can calculate the average voltage:

Kec Angin V-HW (Average)

0

2.111,8

70

2.095,5

110

2.081,9

150

2.074,3

190

2.069,9

230

2.067.3

Graph of relation between voltage and the air velocity

Graph Relation of Voltage and the Air Velocity
2.13
2.12
2.11
2.1
2.09
2.08

Average Voltage

2.07
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.03
0

50

100

150

200

250

c. We can find the wind speed equation using the least square method

The equation of airflow velocity as the function of hotwire voltage using the
smallest square power, whereas y = a + bx

Y= Voltage
X= Airflow Velocity

a = xi2 y x xy / n x2 (x)2
a = 128500 12.500 750 1555.599/ 6 128500 562500 = 2.1654
b = n xy x y / n x2 - (x) 2
b= 6 1527.599 750 12.500/ 6 128500 562500 = - 1, 00624
From above, we can find the equation between airflow as a function from hot-wire
voltage is:
Y= a + bX
Y= 2,1654 1,00624X

d. Can we use hot wire to measure the velocity of air flow?

Sure, hot wire can be used to measure the velocity of air flow. By looking at the
data which we obtain at the R-Lab, there are interesting relation between the
velocity of air and the power of hot wire which is voltage*current*time.
The current of hot wire doesnt change dramatically, however, the voltage of hot
wire decrease as the velocity of air increase. Thus, the relation between voltages of
hot wire and velocity of air is directly disproportional.
The higher the velocity of the air flows, the smaller power of the hot wire. This
data indicates the hot wire can be used to measure the velocity of air flow.

7. Data Analysis

The experiment using hot wire as a sensor of air flow velocity. Furhermore, the
purpose of this experiment is to prove that the hot wire could be use as the sensor of air
velocity. The data for the lab are collected through RLab online in given time. By choosing
0m/s, 70m/s, 110m/s, 150m/s, 190ms and 230m/s, the experiment was proceed in
simulation. The fastest being was 230m/s. On the other hand, when the fan is not turned on,
a large current and voltage wont be affected by the speed of the fan, therefore the electrical
current is not disturbed by any resistance. The theory goes perpendicular way; as the air
acted as a resistance, the less airflow there is, the less disturbed the flow of voltage will be;
and the faster airflow there is, the voltage would be disturbed and resisted to flow as
fluently as is should be. This made the voltage electrical current higher than the ones that
are tested with faster airflow velocity.
The experiment is fundamentally executed to discern how the time had put affect to
the voltage that was on the hot wire at a certain given speed, also to discern how time
impacted the average tension within the wire. The tension in the wire would be able to yield
electricity that will be dispersed by the wire turning into heat energy, hence precipitating
hotter wire. This heat precipitated will be used to maintain a constant sensor temperature in
order to calculate the wind speed in the experiment.

8. Error Analysis

In the RLab, there are some mistakes that can cause errors or inaccuracies in the
measurement error include:

1. Calibration of measuring instruments which in this case using hot wire, is not an
optimal sensor catcher, so the heat is not working optimally.
2. R-Lab facility that shows streaming video camcorder isnworking

9. Conclusion
The purpose of our experiment has reached which is to use hot wire as a sensor of
air flow velocity. This experiment had identified the perpendicular theory regarding to the
interconnection between air speed and hot wire voltage values.
We could measure the velocity of air by this hot wire experiments, where the higher
the velocity of the air flows, the smaller power of the hot wire become.
At the end, it was calculated that the resulting equation of the graph of airflow
velocity to the voltage that is Y= 2,1654 1,00624X. The ratio between the powers that
emit by the hot wire with the air velocity per time unit is directly disproportional.
Thus, we can determine that we can use hot wire as a sensor for air flow velocity.
10. References

Giancoli, D.C.; Physics for Scientists & Engineers, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, NJ,
2000.
Halliday, Resnick, Walker; Fundamentals of Physics, 7th Edition, Extended
Edition,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NJ, 2005.