Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Energy levels
Degrees of Freedom
Spectroscopy
Rotational Spectroscopy
Vibrational Spectroscopy
infrared
microwave
Electronic Transitions
Absorption Spectroscopy
Emission Spectroscopy
Introduction to Matters
Rotational Spectroscopy
Vibrational Spectroscopy
Absorption and emission Spectroscopy
Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 9th edition, 2009
Banwell & McCash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th edition, 1996
Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Springer Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2011
Moog, Spencer and farrell, Physical Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry: Atoms, Molecules,
and Spectroscopy, 2003
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/spectrum.html
http://kr.blog.yahoo.com/bmw26z/2188
Two Components of EM
Radiation
Electrical field (E): varies in magnitude in a direction
perpendicular to the direction of propagation
Magnetic field (M): at right angle to the electrical
field, is propagated in phase with the electrical field
Wavelength (l), distance from one wave crest to another
Frequency (n), No. of crests passing a fixed point/ given time
Amplitude, height of each peak (watts/sq. meter
Wavelength
If there are no available quantized energy levels matching the quantum
energy of the incident radiation, then the material will be transparent to that
radiation
Molecular Transitions
for UV-Visible Absorptions
What electrons can we use for these
transitions?
Nature of Shift
Descriptive Term
To Longer
Wavelength
Bathochromic
To Shorter
Wavelength
Hypsochromic
To Greater
Absorbance
Hyperchromic
To Lower
Absorbance
Hypochromic
Introduction to Absorption
Reflection and Scattering Losses
LAMBERT-BEER LAW
Psolution
P
T
Psolvent
P0
P
A log T log
P0
A abc kc
a absorptivity
b pathlength
c concentration
Power of
radiation after
passing through
the solvent
Power of radiation
after passing
through the sample
solution
Problems
23
UV or Visible
spectral region