Chapter 2 : Nutrition and Food Production

Answer
Exercise 1
1. calorific
2. bomb calorimeter
3. joule
4. Total energy = (50 x 10.1) + (30 x 6.6) +(250 x 2.7)
= 50.5 + 198 + 257.7
= 506.2 kJ g - 1
5. Total calories = (3 x 1504) + (0.5 x 1194) + (0) + (0.4 x 318)
= 4512+597+0+1272
= 5236.2 kJ g-1
6. (a) Male, female
(b) active , metabolic
(c) bigger , more
(d) infant, children, active
(e) more
(f) healthy, more
(g) cold
(h) heat, body
Exercise 2
1. unbalanced, deficient
2. (a) underweight
(b) protein
(c) abdomen
(d) iron
(e) blood
(f) iodine
(g) vitamin C
(h) bleeding
(i) bones
(j) vitamin A
(k) vision
3. Obesity:
Fats , heart, kidneys, cholesterols, heart disease, hypertension/ high blood pressure, exercising
4. Aneroxia Nervosa:
Weight, slim / thin, female, thin, anaemia / undernourished, nutrition,

Exercise 3
1.
Unhealthy eating habit

Consequences

Too much meat and fried food

Atheriosclerosis/ narrowing blood vessels //

High blood pressure/ hypertension // obesity

Too much salty food

High blood pressure // heart failure/ stroke

Too much snacks and sugary

food

Diabetes// tooth cavities // obesity

Not enough fibre

Constipation

2. (b) Keep to regular mealtime

(c) Eat food which is low in saturated fats.
(e) Build strong immune system
3. (a) The energy content in food that is measured as heat and expressed as joule.
(b) A bomb calorimeter
(c) Darlene: (2 x 96) + (5 x 147) + (1000 x 0)
= 192 + 735 + 0
= 927 kJ
David : (6 x 1530)+(3 x 1190)+(5 x 880)+( 7 x 1030)+(8 x 800)+(0 x 1000)
= 9180 + 3570 + 4400 + 7210 + 6400 + 0
= 30 760 kJ
(d) Darlene : her daily energy intake lower than her daily energy requirement.
David : his daily energy intake exceeds his daily energy requirement.
(e) Female teenager is less active than male teenager.
(f) Darlene would become very thin / suffer malnutrition/ anorexic. David would become obese.
Exercise 4
1. photosynthesis, inorganic, carbon dioxide, water, light , glucose,
light
carbon dioxide + water

glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll

chlorophyll, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, light, water, hydrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide,
glucose

2.
PLANT NUTRIENT

Macronutrient

Micronutrient

Definition: elements required by

plants in large amount

Definition: elements required by

plants in very small amount

Example of elements

Example of elements

1. Nitrogen

1. Boron

2. Phosphorus

2. Molybdenum

3. Potassium

3. Zinc

4. Calcium

4. Manganese

5. Magnesium

5. Copper

6. Sulphur

6. Iron

3.
Calcium

Needed for cell division, development

and formation of roots

Phosphorus

Component of chlorophyll

Potassium

Needed for formation of flowers and

fruit

Magnesium

Needed for synthesis of nucleic acids,

proteins, hormones and chlorophyll

Nitrogen
Needed to form cell wall and for
growth
3

Exercise 5
1.
Stunted root growth, produce little
flowers and fruits and have leaf with
purple tips.
Stunted growth, premature death and
have leaf with yellow and brown margins.

Nitrogen
Phosphorus

Stunted growth, yellowing of mature leaf

followed by younger leaf (chlorosis).

Potassium

2. (a) (i) nutrient content (ii) plant growth

(b) Growth of the seedling is stunted if it deficient in essential nutrient
(c) (i) The growth of the seedling is stunted and the leaves are yellowish.
(ii) Stunted growth.
(iii) The seedling grows healthily.
(d) As a control experiment to compare the results.
(e) (i) To supply air to the roots and prevent it from decaying
(ii) To prevent the growth of algae due to the presence of sunlight
Exercise 6
1. (a)
Process

Name of the process

Bacteria involved

nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

ammonification

Decomposing bacteria

nitrification

Nitrifying bacteria

denitrification

Denitrifying bacteria

(b) Nitrates
(c) (i) lightning
2. (a) fertility

(ii)volcanoes (iii)artificial fertilisers// commercial nitrogen fixation

(b) pollution

(c) amount, atmosphere (d) nitrates , protein