Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Scheme of Work
This scheme of work suggests possible teaching and learning activities for each section of the specification. There are far more
activities suggested than it would be possible to teach. It is intended that teachers should select activities appropriate to their
students and the curriculum time available. The first two columns summarise the specification references, whilst the Learning
Outcomes indicate what most students should be able to achieve after the work is completed. The Resources column indicates
resources commonly available to schools, and other references that may be helpful. The timings are only suggested, as are the
Possible Teaching and Learning Activities, which include references to experimental work. Resources are only given in brief and risk
assessments should be carried out.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
1 Cell activity
1.1b
Use a microscope.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to label a
sperm cell with
cell membrane,
cytoplasm and
nucleus.
Be able to state
two parts of a leaf
cell which would
not be found in a
sperm cell.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
functions.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
www.biology4kids.com
1.1d
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to give
two ways in which
a root hair cell is
different from an
animal cell.
Be able to add
labels to a yeast
cell for cell
membrane, cell
wall, nucleus and
vacuole.
Cells may be
specialised to carry out
a particular function.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
1.1e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to relate
the structure of
different types of
cell to their
function
Be able to identify
cell adaptations
and link them to
their function.
Be able to state
why sperm cells
need so many
mitochondria.
Be able to explain
how a leaf cell is
specialised to
carry out
photosynthesis.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
1-2
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Definition of
diffusion and
factors affecting
rate.
1.2b
Dissolved
substances can
move into and out
of cells by diffusion.
Demo: Concentrated
NH 4 OH, concentrated HCl,
gloves, mask, forceps,
cotton wool, long glass
tube with strips of damp
litmus along length; two
gas jars of NO 2 , two empty
gas jars; beaker of water,
pot perm crystals; agar in
test tube; strong perfume;
beetroot.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to state
two factors which
affect the rate of
diffusion.
Be able to name
the process by
which oxygen
passes into a lung
cell.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Hill website.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
1.2c
1.2d
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to explain
the difference
between diffusion
and osmosis.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Differences in
concentrations inside
and outside a cell
cause water to move
into or out of the cell
by osmosis.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
1.2e
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Potato experiment:
Potatoes, cork borers,
knives, rulers, balance,
test tubes, range of
different concentrations of
salt or sucrose solutions.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Refer to McGraw-Hill
website at
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/
student_view0 select
Chapter 2' and How
Osmosis works.
Living cells: Beetroot
slices or rhubarb
epidermis, slides,
coverslips, pipettes, water,
concentrate, solution and
Be familiar with
experiments
related to
diffusion and
osmosis.
Be familiar with
the terms:
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
turgor
plasmolysis
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
blotting paper.
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Useful information on
Osmosis in chicken eggs
can be found at
http://practicalbiology.org
by searching for
Investigating osmosis in
chickens eggs.
1.2f
Active transport
substances are
sometimes absorbed
against a
concentration gradient.
This uses energy from
respiration.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Remember active
transport requires
energy.
Note: Osmosis
and diffusion do
not require
energy from the
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
transported.
Explain why active
transport requires energy.
Relate active transport to
oxygen supply and
numbers of mitochondria in
cells.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Active transport
enables plants to
absorb ions from very
dilute solutions, eg by
root hair cells.
Similarly, sugar may
be absorbed from low
concentrations in the
intestine and from low
concentrations in the
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
1.2g
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
organism.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
kidney tubules
1.2h
A single-celled
organism has a
relatively large surface
area to volume ratio.
All the necessary
exchanges occur via
its surface membrane.
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Useful information
unicellular organism,
Amoeba, can be found at
www.biologyresources.com by
searching for biological
drawing amoeba feeding.
1.2h
In multicellular
organisms many organ
systems are
specialised for
exchanging materials.
eg by having a large
surface area, being
thin, having an efficient
blood supply and
being well ventilated.
1.2i
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Bioviewers or
microscopes, cavity slides
and amoeba.
Microscopes, prepared
slides of alveoli and villi.
Label a diagram of an
alveolus and list how it is
adapted for gas exchange.
best covered with.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Be able to
describe two
adaptations of the
villi which help the
small intestine to
function.
1.2j
Exchange surfaces in
organisms are adapted
to maximise
effectiveness.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
In humans surface
area is increased by
alveoli in the lungs and
villi in the small
intestine.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
describe two
adaptations of the
alveoli which help
the lungs to
function.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Photos of karyotypes
partially paired chromosomes.
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
1.3b
The nucleus of a
cell contains
chromosomes.
Chromosomes
carry genes that
control the
characteristics of
the body. Each
chromosome
carries a large
number of genes.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
An interesting flash
presentation on genes can be
found at
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/
WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourge
nes this is also available for
download in PDF.
Students should
understand the
difference
between a gene
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
characteristics.
1.3c
1.3d
1.3e
During mitosis
copies of the
and an allele
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Examination
hints and tips
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Photos of karyotypes.
Bioviewers, microscopes,
slides, coverslips and
germinating pea seeds.
Be able to
interpret genetic
diagrams.
Be able to
complete a simple
diagram to show
cell division
producing two
daughter cells.
Note:
Knowledge and
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
understanding of
the stages in
mitosis are not
required.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
1.3f
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to spell
mitosis and
meiosis and know
which type of cell
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
1.3h
During meiosis
copies of the
genetic information
are made, then the
cell divides twice to
form four gametes,
each with a single
set of
chromosomes.
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
1.3i
Note:
Knowledge and
understanding of
the stages in
meiosis are not
required.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
1.3g
Examination
hints and tips
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
1.3j
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
1.3l
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
1.3k
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
In therapeutic
cloning an embryo
is produced with
the same genes as
the patient. Stem
cells from the
embryo will not be
rejected by the
patient and may be
used for medical
treatment
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to give
one use of stem
cells.
Be able to give
one reason why
some people
might object to
using stem cells
from embryos.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
1.3m
Treatment with
stem cells may be
able to help
conditions such as
paralysis.
1.3n
Tumours result
from the abnormal,
uncontrolled growth
of cells.
Benign tumours do
not invade other
tissues.
Cells from
malignant tumours
invade healthy
tissue. Some
malignant cells may
enter the
bloodstream and
circulate to other
parts of the body,
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to explain
how tumour cells
differ from other
body cells, and
how tumours may
spread to other
parts of the body.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
forming secondary
tumours.
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Tumours can be
caused by chemical
carcinogens, eg
those found in
tobacco smoke and
in asbestos, and by
ionising radiation,
eg UV and X-rays.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
www.ash.org.nz/site.../Health...
/Smoking_bomb_kit_lesson_
plan.pdf
Be able to give at
least two causes
of cancer
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
2.1b/
2.2b
Multicellular
organisms develop
systems for
exchanging
materials; during
development cells
differentiate to
perform different
functions.
A tissue is a group
of cells with similar
structure and
function; muscular,
glandular and
epithelial tissues
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
appreciate the
sizes of cells,
tissues, organs
and organ
systems.
2.1d/
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
2.1c
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Systems are
groups of organs
that perform a
particular function;
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to label a
diagram of the
digestive system.
2.2c
Structure and
function of the
digestive system.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Examples of plant
tissues
epidermal,
mesophyll, xylem
and phloem.
2.3b
Plant organs
include stems,
roots and leaves.
1-2
Be able to label
the main tissues in
a leaf.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
All carbohydrates
are made up of
units of sugar.
Carbohydrates that
contain only one
sugar unit, eg
glucose, or two
sugar units, eg
sucrose, are
referred to as
simple sugars.
Complex
carbohydrates, eg
starch and
cellulose, are long
chains of simple
sugar units bonded
together.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Know the
components that
make up complex
carbohydrates,
lipids and proteins
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
3.1b
Lipids are
molecules
consisting of three
molecules of fatty
acids joined to a
molecule of
glycerol.
3.1c
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
3.2 Enzymes
3.2a
Biological catalysts
are called
enzymes; these
are proteins
Catalysts increase
the rate of
chemical reactions.
3.2b
High temperatures
denature enzymes
by changes its
shape.
3.2c
Different enzymes
work best at
different pH
values.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to evaluate
the advantages and
disadvantages of
using enzymes in
the home and
industry.
Be able to name
the enzymes used
to convert: i) starch
to glucose and ii)
glucose to fructose.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
3.2d
Some enzymes
work outside body
cells, eg digestive
enzymes catalyse
the breakdown of
large molecules
into smaller ones in
the gut.
Be able to name
the enzyme that
digests stains
containing fats.
3.2e, f
Microorganisms
produce enzymes
that pass out of
cells. These have
many uses in the
home and industry.
Be able to use a
line graph to
describe the effect
of increasing
temperature on the
time taken by a
detergent to
remove a stain.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Enzymes in
industry
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
3.2g
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to explain
why the detergent
does not work well
at 60C.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
4 Human biology
4.1 Breathing
4.1a
The breathing
system lungs,
thorax, ribcage,
diaphragm and
abdomen.
The breathing
system takes air
into the body so
oxygen and carbon
dioxide can be
exchanged
between the air
and the
bloodstream.
Lung dissection
Task: Label a diagram showing the
position of the lungs, ribcage, rib
muscles, diaphragm, abdomen, thorax,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and
alveoli.
Video: Watch a video clip showing
structure of the breathing system.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to identify
the main parts of
the breathing
system on a
diagram. For
example, add
labels to a
diagram for
alveolus,
diaphragm, rib
and trachea.
4.1b
Mechanism of
ventilation of the
lungs.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Remember that
breathing is a
result of volume
and pressure
changes in the
thorax.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
exam papers.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
4.1c
4.1d
A healthy person
breathes
automatically 24
hours each day.
Spontaneous
breathing may stop
due to disease or
injury. Patient can
be helped to
breathe using a
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
mechanical
ventilator.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
4.2 Respiration
4.2a
Respiration in cells
can take place
aerobically (using
oxygen or
anaerobically
(without oxygen) to
release energy
4.2b/c
During aerobic
respiration glucose
1-2
Be able to write
word and
balanced symbol
equations for
aerobic
respiration.
Activity: Ask what substance the body
uses to release energy from and build
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Aerobic respiration
occurs continuously
in plants and
animals.
4.2e
Most of the
reactions in aerobic
respiration take
place inside
mitochondria.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Energy released
during respiration is
used to build larger
molecules,
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.2f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
enable muscle
contraction in
animals,
maintain a steady
body temperature
in mammals and
birds and build
up proteins in
plants.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
probes.
4.2h
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Design an investigation to
find out the effect of exercise
on heart and breathing rates.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.2g
Summary of the
Specification
Content
1-2
Homework
Muscles store
glucose as
glycogen, which
can be converted
back to glucose for
use during
exercise.
These changes
increase the supply
of sugar and
oxygen to, and
increase the rate of
removal of carbon
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to
interpret line
graphs and
spirometer
tracings to
compare rate of
breathing before,
during and after
exercise.
Be able to explain
the advantages to
the body of the
walking.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
4.2j
During exercise, if
insufficient oxygen
is reaching the
muscles they use
anaerobic
respiration to obtain
energy.
Anaerobic
respiration is the
incomplete
breakdown of
glucose and
produces lactic
acid. it results in an
oxygen debt that is
repaid in order to
oxidise lactic acid
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.2i
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Pra
ctic
al
Timers, masses
Force meters
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to write
word and
balanced symbol
equations for
anaerobic
respiration.
Be able to explain
why muscles
become fatigued
during exercise.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
understand that
the build up of
lactic acid leads
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
to carbon dioxide
and water.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
to oxygen debt.
4.2m
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Anaerobic
respiration releases
less energy than
aerobic respiration;
Muscles can
become fatigued
and stop
contracting
efficiently; lactic
acid can build up
which is removed
by the blood.
Anaerobic
respiration in plant
cells and in some
Compare anaerobic
respiration in animals, plants
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.2k/l
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to
compare
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
microorganisms
results in the
production of
ethanol
and carbon dioxide
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
and microorganisms
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
anaerobic
respiration in
animals, plants
and
microorganisms
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
1-2
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
4.3 Circulation
4.3a
4.3b
4.3c
The circulatory
system transports
substances around
the body.
The heart is an
organ that pumps
blood around the
body, much of its
wall is made from
muscle tissue.
Note: names of
the heart valves is
not required
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Have knowledge
of the cardiac
cycle
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Resource
heart.emedtv.com Heart is
video showing insertion of
artificial pacemaker
In coronary heart
disease layers of
fatty material build
up inside the
coronary arteries
causing them to
narrow. This
reduces the flow of
blood through the
coronary arteries
resulting in a lack of
oxygen for the
heart muscle.
Stents are used to
keep the coronary
arteries open.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.3e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Describe problems
associated with the heart and
explain how they can be
treated.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Explain the
function of stents
In most people
heart valves
operate faultlessly
throughout life, but
in others heart
valves may become
faulty. There are
two main faults
the heart valve
tissue might stiffen,
preventing the
valve opening fully,
or the heart valve
might develop a
leak.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.3f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
mechanical valves.
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
4.3g
4.3h
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
http://www.mayoclinic.com/hea
lth/circulatorysystem/MM00636 contains
video of cardiac cycle.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Valves ensure
blood flows in the
correct direction.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.3i
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Explain what is
meant by double
circulation.
1-2
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
recognise veins
and arteries from
diagrams of blood
vessels.
Note:Only the
names of blood
vessels attached
to the heart are
required
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
them
Spec Reference
4.3k
4.3l
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Blood is a tissue
consisting of a fluid
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
called plasma in
which the white
blood cells, red
blood cells and
platelets are
suspended.
Plasma transports
carbon dioxide to
the lungs, soluble
products of
digestion from the
small intestine and
urea from the liver
to the kidneys.
Resource
Homework
smears.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
blood.
Spec Reference
4.3m
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.3n
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to name
the blood part
which carries
most oxygen.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
4.3o
4.3p
4.3q
Blood clotting is a
series of enzyme
controlled
reactions, resulting
in the change of
fibrinogen to fibrin,
which forms a
network of fibres
trapping blood cells
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
http://www.hematology.org/Tra
ining/Students/5591.aspx
Names of the
enzymes and
factors involved in
clotting are not
required
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Spec Reference
4.3r
4.3s
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Antigens are
proteins on the
surfaces of cells.
In organ transplants
a diseased organ is
replaced with a
healthy one from a
donor. However,
the donor organ
may be rejected by
the recipients
immune system
unless precautions
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
http://scotland.gov.uk/Publicati
ons/2003/11/18095/25886
has a good resource bank on
this topic.
When provided
with appropriate
information, to
evaluate the
advantages and
disadvantages of
treating organ
failure by
mechanical
devices or
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
are taken to
prevent rejection of
the transplanted
organ:
transplant.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
the recipient is
treated with drugs
that suppress the
immune system.
4.3t
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
www.lessonplanspage
.com
has a god demonstration
involving dyes rather than
Understand:the
need for blood
typing; the ABO
compatibility table.
donor.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
groups.
Students should:
blood.
www.blood.co.uk About Blood
gives the history of the blood
transfusion service.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Torso/model of digestive
system.
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
4.4 Digestion
4.4a
Starch (a
carbohydrate),
proteins and fats
are insoluble. They
are broken down
into soluble
substances so that
they can be
absorbed into the
bloodstream in the
wall of the small
intestine.
In the large
intestine much of
the water mixed
with the food is
absorbed into the
bloodstream. The
indigestible food
which remains
makes up the bulk
of the faeces.
Faeces leave the
body via the anus.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
http://science.waltermack.com/
flashTeacherTools/biology/dig
estiveSystemBuilder2a.swf
Useful information on the
human body can be found at
http://kidshealth.org/kid by
selecting How the body works
in the left navigation bar.
You can download a digestive
system to label from
http://klbict.co.uk/interactive/sc
ience/digestion2.htm
Be able to label a
diagram of the
digestive system:
salivary glands,
oesophagus,
stomach,
liver,
gall bladder,
pancreas,
duodenum,
small intestine,
large intestine,
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
at
www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/cl
ips by searching for clip
4180.
4.4b
4.4c
Amylase is
produced in the
salivary glands,
pancreas and small
intestine. It
catalyses the
breakdown of
starch into sugars.
Protease enzymes
are produced by
the stomach,
pancreas and small
intestine. They
Be able to state
where amylases
are produced and
the reactions they
catalyse.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to state
where proteases
are produced and
the reactions they
catalyse.
catalyse the
breakdown of
proteins into amino
acids.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
products of digestion.
Resource
Homework
Students should:
and timers.
Be able to
interpret graphs
showing the effect
of temperature
and pH on
enzyme activity.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Examination
hints and tips
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Remember that
liver produces bile
which is stored in
the gall bladder.
4.4d
Lipase enzymes
are produced by
the pancreas and
small intestine.
They catalyse the
breakdown of lipds
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to state
wherelipases are
produced and the
reactions they
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
digestion.
4.4e
The stomach
produces
hydrochloric acid to
provide the right
conditions for
stomach enzymes
to work effectively.
4.4f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Examination
hints and tips
catalyse.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
intestine alkaline.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Know that
enzymes in the
stomach work
best in acid
conditions and
that enzymes in
the small intestine
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
found at www.skoool.co.uk
work best in
alkaline
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
to work effectively.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
conditions.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
4.5b
The nervous
system enables
humans to react to
their surroundings
and coordinate
behaviour.
Information from
receptors passes
along cells
(neurones) as
impulses to the
central nervous
system (the brain or
the spinal cord).
The brain
coordinates the
response.
1-2
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to label
the cerebral
cortex, the
cerebellum and
the medulla and
describe the
function of each
of these parts of
the brain.
Be aware of the
techniques, but
need not know
technical details
of their
functioning
4.5d
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.5c
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Know that
the cerebral cortex is
concerned with
consciousness, intelligence,
memory and language
the cerebellum is
concerned mainly with the
coordination of muscular
activity
the medulla is concerned
with unconscious activities
such as heartbeat and
breathing.
Scientists have
been able to map
the regions of the
brain to particular
functions by
studying patients
with brain damage,
electrically
stimulating different
parts of the brain
and using MRI
scanning
techniques.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Pathway of nerve
impulses and reflex
actions. Reflex
actions often
involve
sensory,relay and
motor neurones.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.5e,
f, g
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
nervous system.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to
sequence a reflex
action from
stimulus to
response.
4.6 Homeostasis
4.6.1 Principles of homeostasis
4.6.1a
Automatic control
systems in the body
keep conditions
inside the body
relatively constant.
4.6.1b
Control systems
include:
cells called
receptors, which
detect stimuli
(changes in the
environment)
coordination
centres that receive
and process
information from
receptors
effectors, which
bring about
4.6.1c
Receptors are
found in many
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Response to temperature:
three bowls of water hot,
warm and ice-cold.
Be able to match
the organ
containing
receptors to the
stimulus detected.
organs, including:
the eyes. sensitive
to light
the ears .
sensitive to sound,
and to changes in
position (which
enables us to keep
our
balance)
the tongue and in
the nose . sensitive
to chemicals
(enable us to taste
and to smell)
the skin . sensitive
to touch, pressure,
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
taste.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Coordination
centres include the
brain and spinal
cord and the
pancreas.
Many processes
are coordinated by
chemical
substances called
hormones.
Hormones are
secreted by glands
and are usually
transported to their
target organs by
the bloodstream.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.6.1d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Compare a
nervous
coordination with
hormonal
coordination
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.6.1e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
1-2
Exercise: Thermometers,
cotton wool and balance.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Be able to name
three conditions
which are
controlled within
our bodies.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Homework
Resource
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
4.6.1b/
c
Urea, produced in
the liver by
breaking down
amino acids and
removed by the
kidneys in urine
which is stored in
the bladder.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Remember that
urea is produced
by the liver and
excreted by the
kidneys.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Dissection: Kidneys,
boards, scalpels and gloves.
Homework
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Breakdown products
of poisonous
substances are
excreted in urine via
the kidneys.
4.6.1d
4.6.1e
A kidney produces
urine by filtering the
blood, reabsorbing
all the sugar and
dissolved ions
needed by the body
and as much water
as the body needs.
Urea, excess ions
and water are
excreted in urine.
If the water content
of the blood is too
low, the pituitary
gland releases a
hormone called ADH
into the blood. This
causes the kidneys
to reabsorb more
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to explain
why protein is not
found in the urine of
a healthy person.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
1-2
Resource
Homework
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
4.6.1f
4.6.1g
Treatment by dialysis
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Be able, when
provided with
appropriate
information, to
evaluate the
advantages and
disadvantages of
treating organ
restores substances
in the blood to
normal levels and
has to be carried out
at regular intervals.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
The recipients
antibodies may
attack antigens on
the donor organ.
To prevent rejection
the donor kidney has
a similar tissue-type
and
immunosuppressant
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
failure by
mechanical devices
or transplant.
How a dialysis
machine works.
Kidneys transplants
and precautions to
avoid rejection.
Note: Knowledge of
ABO blood
grouping and
compatibility is not
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination hints
and tips
Homework
Students should:
immunosuppressant drugs.
required.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Homework
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
hot day.
Resource
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Homework
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
4.6.3b
Body temperature
is monitored and
controlled by the
thermoregulatory
centre in the brain.
It has receptors
sensitive to the
temperature of the
blood.
Temperature
receptors in the
skin send impulses
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
to the
thermoregulatory
centre.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
4.6.3d
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.6.3c
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Homework
If core temperature is
too high blood
vessels supplying the
skin capillaries dilate
so more blood flows
through the
capillaries and more
heat is lost
Resource
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Be able to apply
ideas in new
contexts. For
example, the
kangaroo rat does
not sweat.
Explain why this
could be dangerous
for the animal.
Note: Never say
that blood
capillaries near the
surface of the skin
dilate.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Changes in terms of
blood flow to the skin
and shivering if core
body temperature is
too low .Blood
vessels supplying the
skin capillaries
constrict and reduce
the blood flow
through the
capillaries.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.6.3e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination hints
and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination hints
and tips
Homework
Students should:
1-2
4.6.4c
Blood glucose
concentration is
monitored and
controlled by the
pancreas by
producing insulin,
which allows
glucose from the
blood to enter
cells.
When blood
glucose levels fall
glucagon is also
produced by the
pancreas to
convert stored
glycogen back into
glucose.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to state
which organ
controls blood
glucose
concentration.
In Type 1 diabetes
glucose levels may
rise too high because
the pancreas does
not produce enough
insulin. Type 1
diabetes can be
controlled by diet,
exercise and
injecting insulin.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
4.6.4d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Type 2 diabetes
develops when the
body does not
respond to its own
insulin. Obesity is a
significant factor in
the development of
Type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes can
be controlled by
careful diet, exercise
and by drugs that
help the cells to
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to describe
how insulin reduces
the concentration of
glucose in the
blood.
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Further information on
diabetes can be found at
www.diabetes.org.uk
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
respond to insulin.
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Pictures/bioviewers
A useful website is
www.curriculumbits.com
Microbes and disease.
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Microorganisms that
cause infectious
disease are called
pathogens.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Information on health
conditions can be found in the
Health section of the BBC
website at www.bbc.co.uk by
searching Medical Conditions.
Unwashed and washed hands:
Agar plates, biohazard tape,
incubator and hand wash.
The BBC website has video
clips on microbes and the
human body (clip 207) and
hand washing and food
hygiene (clip 2883). These can
be found at
Be able to use
data from a bar
chart to compare
the numbers of
deaths from
different
pathogens.
Note: Structure of
bacteria and
viruses is not
required.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/cl
ips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
5b
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Microscopes or bioviewers
and slides of blood smears.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Be able to explain
why bacteria and
viruses make us
feel ill.
Be able to explain
how to reduce risk
of infection.
Note: knowledge of
the structure of
viruses is not
required.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
5e
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
5d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Information on vaccinations
can be found on the NHS
website at www.nhs.uk by
searching When are
vaccinations given?.
Information on the MMR
vaccine can be found on
the BBC website at
www.bbc.co.uk by
searching MMR debate.
Information about the
history of medicine can be
found on the GCSE
Bitesize section of the BBC
website at www.bbc.co.uk
by searching Medicine
through time.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
5f
Some medicines
including painkillers
help to relieve
symptoms but do not
kill the pathogens.
5l,m,n
Investigating the
action of
disinfectants and
antibiotics; aseptic
techniques;
incubation
temperatures.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Samples of medicine
packaging.
Antibiotic investigation:
Agar plates inoculated with
bacteria, antibiotic discs,
forceps, incubator and
ruler.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Be able to explain
why schools do not
incubate above
25C.
Use of antibiotics
how they work and
problems of overuse.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
5g,h
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Antibiotic resistance,
eg MRSA.
Mutations lead to
resistant strains of
pathogens which can
spread rapidly.
5k
Development of new
antibiotics to combat
resistant bacteria.
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to explain
why drugs that kill
bacteria cannot be
used to treat viral
infections.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
6 Plants as organisms
6.1 Photosynthesis
6.1a
Photosynthesis
equation.
6.1b
Light energy is
absorbed by
chlorophyll in
chloroplasts and
used to convert
carbon dioxide and
water into glucose,
oxygen is a byproduct.
6.1c
6.1d
Describe experiments to
show that plants produce
oxygen in the light.
Explain the steps involved in
testing a leaf for starch.
Be able to explain
the results from
photosynthesis
experiments.
See below
The glucose
produced in
photosynthesis may
be:
used for
respiration
converted into
insoluble starch for
storage
Be able to write
word and balanced
symbol equations
for photosynthesis.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to describe
leaf structure in
terms of
photosynthesis.
used to produce
fat or oil for storage
used to produce
cellulose, which
strengthens the cell
wall
used to produce
proteins
6.1e
6.1f
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Photosynthesis: Geraniums,
plants with variegated leaves,
lamps, black paper and paper
clips, bell jars, saturated KOH
solution or soda lime, ethanol,
boiling tubes, beakers, glass
rods, tiles, iodine solution,
heating apparatus and
goggles.
To produce
proteins, plants
also use nitrate
ions that are
absorbed from the
soil
Oxygen: Elodea/Cabomba,
glass funnel, large beaker, test
tube and splints.
Carnivorous plants
such as the Venus
Fly Trap are
adapted to live in
nutrient-poor soil as
they
obtain most of their
nutrients from the
animals, such as
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
6.1c
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
chlorophyll in leaves.
Interpret data showing how
factors affect the rate of
photosynthesis.
State factors that affect the
rate of photosynthesis.
Explain how conditions in
greenhouses can be
controlled to optimise the
growth of plants.
Evaluate the benefits of
artificially manipulating the
environment in which plants
are grown.
Rate: Elodea/Cabomba,
funnel, large beaker, gas
syringe, lamp, thermometer,
sodiumhydrogen carbonate.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
interpret line
graphs to
compare the rate
of photosynthesis
under different
conditions.
Be able to
interpret graphs in
terms of what is
limiting
photosynthesis in
a particular
situation.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
6.2b
6.2c
6.2d
In plants carbon
dioxide enters
leaves by diffusion;
most water and
ions are absorbed
by roots.
The surface area
of the roots is
increased by root
hairs and of leaves
by the flattened
shape and internal
air spaces.
Plants have
stomata to obtain
carbon dioxide and
remove oxygen
produced in
photosynthesis.
Be able to relate
leaf and root hair
structure to an
efficient exchange
surface.
See below
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
suggest how
having more
stomata on the
lower surface of
the leaf helps the
plant to survive
better.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
6.2e
6.2f
Flowering plants
have separate
transport systems:
xylem and phloem
6.2d
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
rate of transpiration.
If plants lose water
faster than it is
replaced the
stomata can close
to prevent wilting.
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
6.3b
Hormones control
and coordinate
growth in plants.
6.3c
Responses to light,
gravity and
moisture are
controlled by the
unequal distribution
of auxin which
causes unequal
growth rates in
To be able to
describe the role
of auxin.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Use of plant
hormones in
agriculture and
horticulture.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
6.3d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Be able to state
some commercial
uses of plant
hormones.
Note: names of
specific weed
killers and rooting
hormones are not
required.
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
6.4b
Sexual reproduction
in flowering plants
involves:
the production of
male and female
gametes
the transfer of the
male gametes to
the female ovules in
a process called
pollination
fertilisation, after
which ovules grow
into seeds within a
fruit.
The processes
involved in sexual
reproduction
include:
the anther
produces the male
gametes in pollen
grains
the pollen grains
attach to the stigma
on top of a carpel,
Distinguish between
pollination and fertilisation
www.youtube.com/watch?v=G
q8NWh98wQs
show animation of fertilisation
Know :
Where the male and
female gametes are
made
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
recognise the
structures
involved in
pollination and
fertilisation on a
diagram.
Be able to
recognise on a
diagram: anther
pollen grains
pollen tube.
Spec Reference
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
fertilisation
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Homework
are located
a pollen tube
grows through the
carpels style into
the ovule
the nuclei from the
pollen grain migrate
into the ovule to
fertilise the egg cell
nucleus and
endosperm nuclei
the resulting
zygote develops
into an embryo
the endosperm
and the female
tissues of the ovule
give rise to seed
the ovary then
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
Genetic and
environmental
causes of variation.
Classify characteristics as
being due to genetic or
environmental causes.
Decide the best way to
present information about
variation in tables and charts.
1-2
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
7.1c
7.1b
Different genes
control different
characteristics.
Genes carry
information about
characteristics and
are passed from
parents to offspring
in gametes.
Nucleus contains
chromosomes that
carry genes.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.1b
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Students should:
your genes.
Resource
Homework
Photos of karyotypes
partially paired
chromosomes.
Look at photographs of
chromosomes from a male and a
female or cut and pair chromosomes
from photos of male and female
karyotypes.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Examination
hints and tips
Microscopes, prepared
slides, and bioviewers.
An interesting flash
presentation on genes can
be found at
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/
WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourg
enes this is also available for
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
download in PDF.
In human body
cells one of the 23
pairs of
chromosomes
carries the genes
that determine sex;
the sex
chromosomes in
females are XX and
in males are XY.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.1d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Students should:
Be able to use a
punnette square to
show the
inheritance of sex.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
7.1e,f,
Some
characteristics are
controlled by a
single gene; each
gene may have
different forms
called alleles.
7.1g
A dominant allele
controls the
development of a
characteristic when
present on only one
of the
chromosomes.
A recessive allele
controls the
development of a
characteristic only if
the dominant allele
is not present.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to draw
and interpret
genetic diagrams.
7.1I,j
7.1k
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Chromosomes are
made up of large
molecules of DNA
which has a double
helix structure.
A gene is a small
section of DNA.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.1h
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Students should:
Be able to
sequence the
stages involved in
adult cell cloning.
Know the difference
between sexual
and asexual
reproduction and
why sexual
reproduction leads
to variation.
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Further information on
Watson and Crick can be
found at www.bbc.co.uk by
searching historic figures
Watson and Crick.
How to extract DNA from
fruits can be found at
www.funsci.com/fun3_en/dna
/dna.htm
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.1l
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
HT only
State that each gene codes
for a particular sequence of
amino acids to make a
specific protein.
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
7.2a
7.2b
Polydactyly, having
extra fingers or
toes, is caused by
a dominant allele.
Cystic fibrosis, a
disorder of cell
membranes, is
caused by a
recessive allele.
7.2c
Draw/interpret genetic
diagrams to show how
polydactyly is inherited.
Draw/interpret genetic
diagrams to show how cystic
fibrosis is inherited.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to use a
family tree to
explain why only
some offspring
inherit cystic
fibrosis from a
parent sufferer.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
these disorders.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
7.2e
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Some inherited
conditions are
caused by
inheritance of
abnormal numbers
of chromosomes,
eg Downs
Syndrome is
caused by the
presence of an
t
extra chromosome.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.2d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical
_health/conditions/sicklecell1.
shtml provides a good summary
of the condition
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/458
7311.stm explains why people
with sickle cell anaemia are
less likely to get malaria.
Interpret and
construct genetic
diagrams relating
to the inheritance
of sickle cell
anaemia
Know what
causes Downs
syndrome
Embryos can be
screened for the
alleles that cause
these and other
genetic disorders:
-DNA is isolated
from embryo cells
-a gene probe that
will bind onto the
gene for a specific
disorder is
produced. The
probe usually has a
fluorescent
chemical attached
to it
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.2f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/414
1852.stm information about
PGD
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
disorder.
Spec Reference
7.2g
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Concerns about
embryo screening
include:
-the risk of
miscarriages
-the reliability of the
information from
the screening
procedure
-decisions about
terminating
pregnancy.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
Or
Watch a video of the process and
write a list of issues to be considered
re embryo screening.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
http://www.nytsynvideo.com/la
nguage/en/categories/135/vide
os/3795 - video about PGD
Be able to
suggest one
reason why
people support
and one reason
why people are
against the
screening of
embryos for the
cystic fibrosis
allele or for
Downs syndrome
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to present
arguments for and
against human
cloning.
Modern cloning
techniques tissue
culture, embryo
transplants and
adult cell cloning.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
techniques.
Discuss: Discuss how identical twins
are formed and lead on to embryo
transplants. Draw diagrams to show
the method of embryo transplants.
7.3b
Genetic
engineering
techniques.
Genes can be cut
out and transferred
to other organisms.
1-2
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Information on genetically
modified food can be found at
www.curriculumbits.com
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
7.3c, d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Concerns about
genetically modified
(GM) crops.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to give
two reasons why
farmers are in
favour of growing
GM crops.
Information on genetic
engineering can be found at
www.UPD8.org.uk by
searching for mosquitoes vs
malaria.
Be able to give
two reasons why
people are
against growing
GM crops.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Organisms require
materials from their
surroundings and
from other
organisms to
survive.
8.1b
efer to Encyclopaedia
Britannica website
www.britannica.com
2-3
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to name
two things for
which plants
compete.
Animals compete
for food, mates and
territory.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
8.1c
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Students should:
Distribution: Quadrats,
identification sheet, sensors
and dataloggers.
8.1d
Adaptations for
survival.
Observe adaptations of a
range of organisms.
Explain how organisms are
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
Resource
Homework
Or
Adaptations for
survival in deserts
and the Arctic.
Adaptations to cope
with specific
features of the
environment.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Extremophiles
Resource
Spec Reference
8.1f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
8.1e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to relate
features seen in a
diagram to the
organisms
survival.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
to different organisms.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
huddling, thermometers or
temperature probes and
timers.
8.1g
Parasites are
adapted for living
on or inside their
hosts.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Know that:
Fleas live amongst the hair of
mammals. They have sharp
mouthparts to enable them to
suck blood. The body is
flattened so that the flea is
not easily dislodged. It has a
hard body that is not
damaged when the mammal
scratches. Its long hind legs
enable the flea to jump from
host to host.
Tapeworms live inside the
intestines of mammals and
many other groups of
animals. They have both
suckers and hooks to fix
themselves to the wall of the
intestine. The body consists
of flattened segments whose
main function is to produce
large numbers of eggs.
Tapeworms have no gut;
their flattened shape
provides a large surface area
for the absorption of soluble
food from the host gut. A
thick outer cuticle protects
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
HowStuffWorks "How
Fleas Work"
Describe the
adaptations of
fleas
science.howstuffworks.com
... Zoology Insects &
Arachnids Has description
and video of fleas
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Describe he
adaptations of
tapeworms
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Learning Outcomes
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Homework
schizonts
- schizonts burst the red
blood cells, releasing more
merozoites. This release
coincides with the fever
attacks seen when a person
has malaria
- some merozoites in the
blood cells enter a sexual
phase of reproduction and
produce female
gametocytes, which can be
transferred to the mosquito
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
when it bites.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to give
two ways in which
humans damage
the environment.
Environmental
change and the
distribution of
organisms.
Evaluate data on
environmental change and
the distribution and behaviour
of living organisms.
8.2c
Environmental
changes due to
living and non-living
factors.
8.2d
Indicators of
pollution lichens
and invertebrates.
2-3
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Measuring
environmental
changes.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
8.2e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
demonstrate an
understanding of
the use of
equipment to
measure oxygen,
temperature and
rainfall.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
organisms.
Quantitative data
can be obtained by
sampling with
quadrats and along
a transect.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
8.2f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
2-3
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to
process data and
calculate the
mean, median,
mode and range
for a set of data.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
1-2
Note: Details of
eutrophication are
required.
Rapid growth in
the human
population means
more waste, which
could lead to more
pollution.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to analyse
and interpret
scientific data
concerning
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
environmental
issues.
Be able to evaluate
methods used to
collect
environmental data
and consider their
validity and
reliability for
environmental
change.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
8.3b
Summary of the
Specification
Content
1-2
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
8.3b
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Learning Outcomes
1-2
8.3c
8.3d,e
Large scale
deforestation has
increased the
release of carbon
dioxide and
reduced the rate at
which carbon
dioxide is removed
from the
atmosphere and
locked up in wood.
Deforestation leads
to reduction in
biodiversity.
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to explain
why peat free
composts are of
increasing
importance.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
8.3g
Deforestation has
occurred so biofuel
crops can be grown
and more land can
be used to rear
cattle and grow
crops for food.
Cattle and rice
fields release
methane
The destruction of
peat bogs releases
carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
8.3h
Levels of carbon
dioxide and
methane in the
atmosphere are
increasing and
contribute to global
warming.
An increase of only
a few degrees
Celsius may cause
A useful PowerPoint
presentation can be found at
http://www.schoolscience.co.
uk by searching powerpoint
presentations and selecting
Practical Action Climate
Change Powerpoint
Presentations.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to give
some effects of
global warming
Be able to explain
the link between
carbon dioxide
emissions and the
greenhouse effect.
Be able to give one
possible outcome
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
changes in the
Earths climate, a
rise in sea level, a
reduction in
biodiversity,
changes in
migration patterns
and result in
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Attenborough.
of the greenhouse
effect on the
environment.
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
changes in the
distribution of
species.
8.3i
Resource
Greenhouse: temperature
sensors and dataloggers.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
.
Useful information on climate
change can be found at
www.wwf.org.uk by
searching tackling climate
change or at
www.UPD8.org.uk by
atmosphere.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
environmental change.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
1
plus
HWK
Be able to give
two reasons why
people were
against Darwins
ideas at that time.
9 Evolution
9.1 Natural selection
9.1a
Darwins theory of
evolution by natural
selection. d.
Other theories, eg
Lamarck, are based
mainly on the idea
that changes that
occur in an
organism during its
lifetime can be
inherited.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Evolution occurs by
natural selection.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
The theory of
evolution was only
gradually accepted.
Resource
Homework
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
9.1e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Students should:
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Be able to use an
evolutionary tree
to describe
relationships
between
organisms and
the time scales
involved in
evolution.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Studying similarities
and differences
between organisms
allows us to classify
them as animals,
plants or
microorganisms.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
9.1d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Exhibition of organisms or
pictusres.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
1-2
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
9.2 Speciation
9.2a
9.2b
9.2c
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Understand that
the fossil record is
incomplete
because many
fossils have been
destroyed by
geological activity.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
9.2d
9.2e
Causes of
extinction changes to the
environment over
geological time,
new predators, new
diseases, new
competitors, a
catastrophic event,
through the cyclical
nature of
speciation.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to explain
what is meant by
extinct.
Or
Be able to give
two reasons why
some organisms
are in danger of
extinction.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to give
one reason why it
is important to
prevent species
from becoming
extinct.
Understand that
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
organisms
become extinct
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
because
something
changes and the
species cannot
adapt quickly
enough to the
new
circumstances.
9.2f
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Understand that it
takes millions of
years for a new
species to form.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should be
able to do
speciation.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
10b
Energy losses in
food chains.
10c
Pyramids of
biomass
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to draw a
pyramid of
biomass using
information given
in a food chain.
Note: Students do
not need to be
able to interpret
pyramids of
number.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
10e
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Energy and
biomass losses in
food chains; shorter
food chains are
more efficient for
food production.
Efficiency of food
production can be
improved by
restricting energy
losses from food
animals.
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
10d
Summary of the
Specification
Content
1-2
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Homework
Students should:
Be able to use
data provided to
calculate the %
energy lost in
urine and faeces.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
suggest one
reason why
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
living.com
calves raised
indoors grow
faster than those
raised outdoors.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to
suggest one
reason why some
people prefer to
buy meat from
animals that have
been kept
outdoors.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Resource
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
10f
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to give
examples of
sustainable food
production.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
11b
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Be able to name
the type of living
organism which
causes leaves to
decay?
Be able to give one
reason why leaves
decay faster in
summer than
winter.
Be able to name
the gas needed for
decay.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
Students should:
11c
Decay releases
nutrients for plant
growth.
11d
Material is constantly
cycled and can lead
to stable
communities.
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Useful information on
earthworms can be found
at www.curriculumbits.com
by searching for
Earthworm investigation.
Learning Outcomes
What most students should
be able to do
Suggested
timing (lessons)
Spec Reference
11e
Summary of the
Specification
Content
Resource
Homework
AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered
in England and Wales (number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Examination
hints and tips
Students should:
Be able to describe
the stages in the
carbon cycle.