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KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS

ADDENDUM
TO THE NOVEMBER 1998
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
PARTS ONE, TWO, THREE AND FOUR

FEBRUARY 2000

DHU AL-QADHA 1420

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PREAMBLE
ADDENDUM TO THE MOC NOVEMBER 1998 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD
AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION- PARTS ONE, TWO, THREE AND FOUR

This book is an addendum to the MOC November 1998 General Specifications. It

contains special directions, provision, modifications or/and requirements pertaining to
matters not covered or detailed in the General Specifications.
When there is discordance between the stipulations of the Special Specifications of
the Project and this addendum, the content of the Special Specifications of the
particular project shall govern.

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ADDENDEM TO THE MOC NOVEMBER 1998 GENERAL SPECIFICATION

PARTS ONE, TWO, THREE AND FOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

Section

Section

Section

Section

Section

1.09

Supervision Staff Facilities

1.09.5

Project Laboratory

2.06

Untreated Subgrade

2.06.2

Materials

4.01

Bituminous Materials

4.01.1
4.01.2

Description
Grades

4.02

Bituminous Prime Coat, Tack Coat and Fog Seal

4.02.8
4.02.9

Measurement
Payment

4.05

Bituminous Concrete Pavement

4.05.1
4.05.2
4.05.6
4.05.10
4.05.11

Description
Materials
Construction Requirement
Method of Measurement
Payment

4.06

Hot-Mixed Recycled Bituminous Concrete

4.06.2
4.06.4
4.06.6
4.06.9
4.06.10

Materials
Equipment
Construction Requirements
Method of Measurement
Payment

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Section

4.07

Bituminous Concrete Friction Course

4.07.2

Materials

Section

4.09
4.09.1
4.09.2
4.09.9
4.09.10

Cold-Mix Recycled Bituminous Base

Description
Materials
Method of Measurement
Payment

Section

4.16

Bituminous Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) (New Section)

4.16.1
4.16.2
4.16.3
4.16.4
4.16.5
4.16.6
4.16.7
4.16.8
4.16.9

Description
Materials
Mineral Filler
Fiber
The Mix Gradation
Construction
Quality Assurance Procedures
Method of Measurement
Payment

4.17

Micro-Surfacing (New Section)

4.17.1
4.17.2
4.17.3
4.17.4
4.17.5

Description
Materials Requirements
Construction Requirements
Method of Measurement
Payment

4.18

Porous Bituminous Concrete (New Section)

4.18.1
4.18.2
4.18.3
4.18.4
4.18.5
4.18.6
4.18.7
4.18.8
4.18.9

Description
Materials
Mineral Filler
Fiber
The Mix Gradation
Construction
Quality Assurance Procedures
Method of Measurement
Payment

Section

Section

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ADDENDUM TO THE MOC NOVEMBER 1998 GENERALSPECIFICATIONS

PART ONE
GENERAL

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SECTION 1.09 SUPERVISION STAFF FACILITIES

1.09.5

Project Laboratory

1.09.5.5

Testing Equipment, Test and Specifications

Add the following:

Contractor shall furnish the following Superpave Quality Control Test equipment as part
of the Project Laboratory.
Asphalt Content Ignition Furnace
Nuclear Density Gauge (Thin Layer)
Programmable Rotational Viscometer
1.09.5.5.1

Equipment Specifications for Superpave Asphalt Content Ignition Furnace

1.09.5.5.1.1

General

The Asphalt Content Ignition Furnace shall rapidly determine asphalt content without the
use of solvents and allowing the determination of the aggregate gradation. It shall also include an
accurate weighing system to continuously measure the weight loss of the bituminous mixture
during combustion and automatically display the percent asphalt content.
1.09.5.5.1.2

Asphalt Content Ignition Furnace Specifications

Performance
Sample size 3500 grams
Scale readout resolution : + 0 Grams
Precision at 6% AC for 1250 grams: + 0.06%
Test Time: 30 to 45 minutes
Electrical
Power source: 08/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Peak power consumption: 6400/8500 watt
Amps: 31/36
Heat up time: 25 to 550 C in 25 min
Furnace operating temperature: 25 to 800C
After burner temperature: above 900C
Plug: NEMA 6-50 P
Software
Data Storage: Up to 300 test results/correction factors
Positive or negative aggregate correction factor
Programmable weight loss limit for measurement
Interface: RS-232 for data transfer to computer or printer
Baud Rate: 600 to 9600 Baud
Automatic startup and shut down timer
1-1

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Mechanical

Width
Outside
Dimensions
61 cm (24 in.)
Chamber
Dimensions
30.5 cm (12 in.)
Weight: 94.12 kg (208 lbs)

1.09.5.5.1.3

Depth

Height

81 cm (32 in.)

92.25 cm (37.5 in)

45.7 cm (18 in.)

30.5 cm (12 in.)

Standard Accessory Equipment

One set of 3 sample trays

Printer
One pair of high temperature insulated gloves
One face shield
One sample heat protection cage
One sample cool down tray
Data collection and storage console
One sample carrying fixture
10 ft. (4 diameter) metal exhaust pipe

1.09.5.5.2

Equipment Specifications for a Nuclear Testing Gauge (Thin Layer)

1.09.5.5.2.1

General

The Nuclear Testing Gauge shall provide fast and efficient measurement of the in
place density of aggregates and asphalt pavements including thin layer asphalt overlays in
accordance with ASTM Test Methods D2922, D3017 and D2950.
1.09.5.5.2.2

Detailed Equipment Specifications

Detailed equipment specifications can be obtained from the MOC materials and
Research Department.

1.09.5.5.3

Equipment Specifications for Programmable Rotational Viscometer

1.09.5.5.3.1

Background

A rotational viscometer is used to determine the apparent viscosity of asphalts at

various elevated temperatures other than those used for viscosity measurements in ASTM
D4402. The specimen test temperature must be closely controlled and monitored and can be
achieved through the use of a thermosel device.

1-2

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1.09.5.5.3.4

General Requirements

The rotational viscometer must function as a stand-alone device and also have
the capability of being controlled and operated remotely through the use of a computer. The
rotational viscometer shall be able to perform the testing as required in AASHTO TP48 and
include the following functions and capabilities:
1. A built-in microprocessor for test data storage and analysis.
2. Built-in user friendly programming
3. Test data display to include spindle number, RPM, specimen temperature,
viscosity, shear rate, and sear stress.
4. Included computer interface and software (IBM PC compatible).
5. Test specimen temperature control and monitoring system.

1.09.5.5.3.3

Software and Other Programmable Rotation Viscometer Specifications

Operating software to control rotational viscometer and thermosel, collect and

store test data, perform data analysis from any IBM or compatible computer via RS232 serial
port.
Provide a clear and simple, operating and instruction manual for software,
viscometer, and temperature controller equipment.
SUBSET EQUIPMENT QUANTITIES WHICH TOGETHER COMPRISE ONE COMPLETE
PROGRAMMABLE ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER SYSTEM
Description of Subsets

Quantities

Rotational Viscometer, Programmable

Base with Power Supply
Laboratory Stand
Signal Output Cable
Carrying Case
Programmable Temperature Controller (Thermosel)
Sample Chamber
Operating Software
Spindles (Required do determine viscosity from
20 mPaS to 500,000 mPaS)

1.09.5.5.3.4

Each
Each
Each
Each
Each
Each
Each
Each
Sets

Detailed Programmable Rotational Viscometer Equipment Specifications

Detailed equipment specifications can be obtained from the MOC Materials and
Research Department.

1-3

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ADDENDUM TO THE MOC NOVEMBER 1998 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

PART TWO
EARTHWORK

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Section 2.06 UNTREATED SUBGRADE

2.06.2

Materials

Replace requirement 1 with the following:

1. Material classified by MRDTM 210 as A-1-a(0), A-1-b(0) A-2-4(0) having no rock fragments
larger than one third (1/3) the layer thickness after compaction.

2-1

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ADDENDUM TO THE NOVEMBER 1998 MOC GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

PART 4
BITUMINOUS CONSTRUCTION

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SECTION 4.01 BITUMINOUS MATERIALS

4.01.1 Description
Add the following:
6.

Performance Graded (PG) bituminous materials

4.01.2 Grades
Add the following
4.01.2.6 Performance Graded (PG) Bituminous Materials
Performance graded Bituminous materials shall conform to AASHTO Performance
Graded (PG) Binder Specification MP1 (provisional specification) for PG 76-10, as a
minimum.
It should be noted, however, that bituminous material conforming to
requirements for PG 82-10 is highly desirable and should be used wherever it is available,
especially on Roads with heavy traffic.
The Contractor shall submit a certificate of analysis showing conformance with
either PG 76-10 or PG 82-10 binder specification MP1 as stated below.
ORIGINAL BINDER
Test
Flash point temp, T48
Viscosity, ASTM D4402:
Maximum, 3 Pas 2 Test Temperature of,
Dynamic Shear, TP5;
G*/sin , Minimum, 1.00 kPa
Test Temp @ 10 rad/s

PG 76-10
230C minimum
135 C

PG 82-10
230C minimum
135 C

76C

82C

ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (T240) or THIN FILM OVEN (T179) RESIDUE
PG 76-10
PG 82-10
Mass loss, Maximum
1%
1%
Dynamic Shear, TP5;
76 C
82 C
G*/sin , Minimum, 2.20 kPa
Test Temp @ 10 rad/s
PRESSURE AGING VESSEL RESIDUE
PG 76-10
PG 82-10
PAV Aging Temperature
110 C
110 C
Dynamic Shear, TP5
37C
40 C
G*/sin , Minimum, 5000 kPa
Test Temp @ 10 rad/s
Physical Hardening
Report
Creep Stiffness, TP1
0C
0C
Stiffness, Maximum, 300.0 MPa @ 60 seconds
m-value, Minimum, 0.300 @ 60 seconds
Test Temp
0C
0C
Direct Tension, TP3
Failure Strain, Minimum, 1.0% (loading rate of
1.0 mm/min)
Test Temp

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G* -- Shear modulus; -- phase angle; G*sin (for fatigue); G*/sin (for rutting) ;
mrate of change in the creep stiffness.

The Contractor is only required to perform viscosity Quality Control Testing on the Performance
Graded Binder. The Ministry of Communication Materials and Research Department Materials
laboratory is equipped with the remaining equipment for the complete Performance Graded
Binder Quality Assurance testing.

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SECTION 4.02 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT, TACK COAT AND FOG SEAL
4.02.8 Measurement
This Subsection is amended to provide that bituminous tack coat shall not be measured
for payment.
4.02.9 Payment
Replace the first sentence with the following:
Bituminous tack coat will not be paid for directly as it is subsidiary to the Pay Item for the
surface being tacked.

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Section 4.05

Bituminous concrete pavement

4.05.1 Description
Add the following:
Bituminous overlay Work shall consist of the construction of one course of hotmixed, hot-laid bituminous mixture conforming to the requirements of this section, spread
and compacted on an approved surface, in compliance with the lines, grades and cross
sections indicated on the plans or as directed. The exact limits of construction and the
widths and thicknesses of bituminous overlay will be confirmed by the Engineer, and will
be based on the job conditions prevailing at the time the Work is performed.
For the purpose of this section, when the term "bituminous wearing course" or
surface course is used, it shall mean "bituminous wearing course and/or bituminous
leveling course and/or bituminous overlay", as applicable.
4.05.2
4.05.2.1

Materials
Bituminous Materials
Replace with the following:

Bituminous Material for bituminous concrete pavements including bituminous

concrete friction course, hot mixed, recycled bituminous concrete, bituminous stone matrix
asphalt (SMA) and porous bituminous concrete (PBC) shall be performance graded (PG) asphalt
cement meeting the requirements of Paragraph 4.01.2.6 Performance Graded (PG)
Bituminous Materials in this Addendum to the General Specifications.

4.05.2.2

Aggregate
Add the following immediately below Table 4.05-2:

Improvement of the resistance to loss of Marshall Stability of the bituminous

mixture, by increasing the asphalt content, shall not be attempted; instead, this shall be
accomplished by improving the quality of aggregate and in particular the portion passing a
4.75 mm (AASHTO No. 4) sieve.
4.05.2.4

Chemical Admixtures a nd Asphalt Modifiers

Replace the third paragraph with the following:

The contractor shall add an approved polymer material to all bituminous

concrete mixtures in accordance with the following criteria:

4.05.6 Construction Requirements

4.05.6.5

Preparation of Surface
Add the following :

4. When an overlay is to be built, and as soon as practicable after

receiving the site, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer cored samples of the

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existing bituminous pavement. The samples shall be cored at the locations specified by
the Engineer. Samples shall be obtained in sets of two (2), cut from the same location on
the existing bituminous pavement. Two (2) sets of samples per traffic lane-kilometer to be
overlaid, or fraction thereof, shall be obtained and all test holes shall be filled and
compacted by the Contractor at his own expense.
The Contractor shall perform all tests that may be required to assist the
Engineer in his evaluation of the properties of the existing pavement and the verification
of the thickness of the bituminous wearing course to be constructed. Should the resulting
total thickness of the bituminous layers, including the layer to be constructed, exceed two
hundred and fifty (250) millimeters, the matter shall be referred to the Maintenance
Department of the Ministry. A detailed report containing the findings of the foregoing
investigation, the specific problems encountered, and the proposed solutions
accompanied by cost estimates shall be submitted to the said Department by the
Engineer. Within fifteen (15) days from receipt of the Engineers proposal, the Ministry
shall advise the Engineer of its decision, that shall be final and binding to the Contractor
under the provisions of the Contract.
The Contractor shall perform all sampling and testing at his own
expense and in the presence of the Engineer.
Sections of existing, old failed base may, if so directed, be replaced by
aggregate base course material, in accordance with General Specifications Section 3.03 Aggregate Bases. This work shall be paid at the unit rate bid per cubic meter for
"Aggregate Base Course" as specified in the Bill of Quantities.
Catch basin grates, drop inlet grates, manhole covers, etc., that must be
adjusted to match the new surface grade, shall be paid at the Contract unit price bid per each
item for such adjustment, as specified in the Bill of Quantities.
7. When the bituminous wearing course is to be placed on Portland
cement concrete bridge decks or Portland cement concrete pavement, the surface shall be
prepared and primed as specified in Section 4.02 - Bituminous Prime Coat, Tack Coat and
Fog Seal.
4.05.10 Method of Measurement
Replace the last paragraph with the following:
Antistripping agents, mineral fillers, fibers and chemical admixture/asphalt modifiers other
than polymers used by the contractor to meet the job mix formula (JMF) requirements will be
considered subsidiary to the Bituminous Concrete Pay Items in the General Specifications and in
this Addendum to the General Specifications and will not be measured separately unless
specifically stated in the special specifications and listed in the Bill of Quantities. Polymer
chemical admixture/asphalt modifiers shall be measured separately by the kilogram.

4.05.11 Payment
Replace the third paragraph with the following:
Antistripping agents, mineral fillers, fibers and chemical admixture/asphalt
modifiers other than polymers will not be paid for separately as they are subsidiary to the
Bituminous Concrete Pay Items in the General Specifications and in this Addendum to the
General Specifications unless specifically specified in the Special Specifications and
listed Bill of Quantities. Polymer chemical admixture/Asphalt modifiers will be paid for

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separately when measures in accordance with subsection 4.05.10 Method of Measurement

in this Addendum to the General Specifications. Under Pay Item No. 4050802 chemical
admixture/asphalt modifier, polymer.

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SECTION 4.06 - HOT-MIX RECYCLED BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

4.06.2

Materials

Replace Paragraph 4.06.2.1 -- Bituminous Material with the following:

4.06.2.1 Bituminous Material

Bituminous Material for hot-mix recycled bituminous concrete shall be performance
graded (PG) asphalt cement meeting the requirements of Paragraph 4.01.2.6 Performance
Graded (PG) Bituminous Materials in this Addendum to the General Specifications.
4.06.4 Equipment
Add the following:
Equipment shall be dependent upon the recycling method to be used as specified
below. The basic equipment for each method shall be accompanied by the required
number of dump trucks, liquid asphalt tanker and distributor, steel-wheel and pneumatictired rollers, power broom, air compressor with blower, traffic control devices, and all
necessary hand tools.
4.06.4.1

First Method - Hot Recycling in Central Mixing Plant

4.06.4.1.1

Milling Machine and Crusher

The milling machine shall be as specified in General Specifications

Subsection 4.11.2 Equipment. When entire layers are being removed as approved by the
Engineer, the reclaimed materials shall be reduced to the required sizes in a central crushing
plant, suitable for the intended purpose. Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, none of the
fines shall be removed from the reclaimed materials and the crusher shall not produce an
increase in fine size materials or new fractured faces.
4.06.4.1.2

Central Mixing Plant

1.
Batch Plant Type. The batch plant shall prepare the mixture with
heat transfer and may employ one of the methods described herein.
The first method shall utilize a long belt conveyor with brake
motor and a feeder bin for reclaimed materials. A chute shall be attached to the batching tower to
direct the reclaimed material from the incline conveyor into the weigh hopper. The control system
on the plant shall be modified with additional presets so that the feeder bin and incline are
handled like a fifth aggregate. When adding reclaimed materials, the fifth preset shall
automatically turn on the incline conveyor and the recycle bin and run the material into the weigh
hopper until the desired weight is reached.
The second method shall utilize a feeder bin for reclaimed
material that continuously feeds a separate bucket elevator that dumps the material in a special
hopper attached to the tower. This hopper shall be equipped with a gate to release the materials
on demand into the weigh hopper as needed for each batch.
2.
Drum Mix Plant Type. This type of plant shall be specifically
designed to produce a recycled bituminous mix. Its cold feeder system shall consist of at least
five cold bins capable of accurate control of the materials supplied. The feeder system shall be
automatic, linked to the main control system of the plant. Heating of the reclaimed materials shall
be done in the drum in such a manner as to prevent any deterioration of the bituminous binder.
The plant shall be provided with a mix storage system with a capacity of not less than forty (40)
tons.

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4.06.4.2

Second Method - In-Situ Hot Recycling of Bituminous Pavement Surface

Course

4.06.4.2.1

Heater/Scarifier/Repaver

Equipment shall be as specified in Subsection 4.12.4 Equipment in

the General Specifications.
4.06.4.2.2

Mobile Recycling and Blending Unit

This unit shall be fully independent, capable of treating the surface layer
in place and furnished with an additional heater. The unit shall be complete with an integral
system for adding the bitumen modifier in a uniform and controlled manner. The mobile blending
unit shall be equipped with a coordinated system for adding and mixing with the old materials to
be recycled, new aggregate, bitumen, asphalt modifier or new bituminous mixture at the required
quantities. The unit shall be capable of disposing any surplus materials prior to the mixing
process.
4.06.4.3

Third Method - In-Site Hot Recycling of Bituminous Pavement Layers

4.06.4.3.1

Milling Machine

The milling machine shall be as specified in Subparagraph 4.06.4.1.1

Milling Machine and Crusher in this Addendum to the General Specifications.

4.06.4.3.2

Mobile Pickup/Recycling and Blending Unit

The unit shall be capable of picking the reclaimed materials and the new
aggregate, heating the mixture, adding asphalt modifier and/or asphalt cement separately and
mixing. Materials shall be heated in a drum-type plant in such a manner as to prevent damage to
the bituminous binder in the reclaimed materials. The unit shall be capable of cleaning the
surface and applying asphalt emulsion thereon after picking up the materials for heating and prior
to spreading.
4.06.6 Construction Requirements
Add the following:
Th
e exact locations of the areas to be recycled along with the respective thicknesses thereof
shall be determined and delineated by the Engineer immediately prior to the start of the
Work. The process shall involve controlled removal of the existing pavement layer and the
addition and mixing in place or at a central plant of any required new aggregate, new
asphalt and asphalt modifiers. The resultant hot mixture shall be spread, compacted and,
when directed or shown on the plans, sealed with a surface treatment or an overlay. When
such a treatment or an overlay is required, it shall be carried out and paid for separately as
specified in other sections of the specifications.
4.06.6.1

First Method - Hot Recycling in Central Mixing Plant

4.06.6.1.1 Bituminous Pavement Layers Removal and Storage

The existing bituminous pavement layer shall be removed in such a manner as to
prevent or minimize the mixing of the asphalt-bound materials with untreated base course or
subgrade materials. Removal shall be by milling or controlled excavation. Should untreated base
course or subgrade materials be removed, they shall be stored separately as directed. Work to
remain in place that has been damaged by the Contractor during the removal operations, as

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determined by the Engineer, shall be repaired by the Contractor at his own expense and prior to
the placement of the recycled layer. Deficient parts of base course or subgrade that are to be
restored, as shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer prior to start of the removal
operations, shall be repaired and paid for separately as specified in the pertinent sections of the
General Specifications and this Addendum to the General Specifications.

4.06.6.1.2 Size Reduction and Preparation

Reclaimed bituminous pavement materials shall be reduced to a size smaller
than 37.5 mm (1-1/2 inch) as specified in Subparagraph 4.06.2.6.1.1 above. Size reduction shall
be by milling or by excavation and subsequent crushing using the equipment and procedures
specified in Subparagraph 4.06.4.1.1 above. Reclaimed aggregate, after being reduced to the
required size and prior to their use in the recycled mixture, shall be segregated into at least two
lots; one for fine aggregate with at least eighty percent (80%), by weight, passing a 4.75 mm (No.
4) sieve; and another for coarse aggregate with less than forty percent (40%), by weight, passing
a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.
4.06.6.1.3 Adding New Materials, Heating and Mixing
1.
When a batch-type plant is used, the new aggregate shall be
proportioned in the cold feed bins and super heated in the dryer. From there they shall be
conveyed to the hot storage bins. The reclaimed materials, without heating or drying, shall be
conveyed to the weigh hopper and join the super heated new aggregate. Heating of the recycled
mixture shall take place in the pugmill by heat transfer between new and reclaimed materials.
2.
When the drum-type plant is used, the new aggregate shall enter
at the burner end, and shall be dried and super heated. The reclaimed materials, without heating
or drying, shall enter the drum near its center through openings in the shell, at a point far enough
from the burner, and join the new aggregate. Heating and mixing of the recycled mixture shall
then take place in the lower end of the drum.
The mixing plant to be used shall be equipped with a facility to
allow addition of new asphalt cement, recycling agent, and mineral filler to be added separately, if
needed. The mixing process shall produce full coverage to the aggregate. The Engineer may
increase the mixing time as necessary to obtain a homogeneous mixture and good aggregate
cover. The water content in the mixture immediately upon its spreading shall not exceed one and
one-half percent (1.5%), by weight.
4.06.6.1.4

Prime Coat and Tack Coat

Placing prime coat and tack coat, as shown or as directed, shall be in

accordance with Subsection 4.02.5 Construction in the General Specifications.
4.06.6.2

Second Method - In-Situ Hot Recycling of Bituminous Pavement Surface

Course
Refer to General Specifications Subsection 4.12.7 Construction.
4.06.6.3
4.06.6.3.1

Third Method - In-Situ Hot Recycling of Bituminous Pavement Layers

Size Reduction

Bituminous pavement layers shall be removed by milling to produce a uniform

gradation as close as possible to that specified in General Specifications Paragraph 4.06.2.6 .
RAP

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4.06.6.3.2

Adding New Materials, Heating and Mixing

Reclaimed materials shall be picked up, and mixed with new aggregate, new
asphalt cement and recycling agents in a drum-type plant as detailed in Subparagraph 4.06.6.1.3
above. The heating temperature and the overall mixing time shall be suitable for drying, heating,
mixing, and covering the aggregate in a manner acceptable to the Engineer. The heating
temperature shall be kept within the limits of one hundred-fifty (150) and one hundred-sixty (160)
degrees Celsius. The water content in the mixture immediately upon its spreading shall not
exceed one and one-half percent (1.5%), by weight.
4.06.9 Method of Measurement
Replace the fourth paragraph with the following:
Antistripping agents, mineral fillers, fibers and chemical admixture/Asphalt
modifiers other than polymers used by the contractor to meet the Job Mix Formula (JMF)
requirements will be considered subsidiary to the construction of the hot-mix recycled
bituminous concrete pavement and will not be measured separately unless specifically
stated in the Special Specifications and listed in the Bill of Quantities. Polymer chemical
admixture/Asphalt modifiers shall be measured separately by the kilogram.

4.06.10 Payment
Replace the paragraph with the following:
Antistripping agents, minerals fillers, fibers and chemical admixture/asphalt modifiers
other than polymers used by the contractor to meet the Job Mix Formula requirement shall
be considered subsidiary to the construction of hot-mix recycled bituminous concrete and
shall not be paid for separately unless specifically stated in the Special Specifications and
listed in the Bill of Quantities. Polymer chemical admixture/asphalt modifiers will be paid
for in accordance with subsection 4.05.11 Payment in this Addendum to the General
Specificatons.

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Section 4.07 Bituminous Concrete Friction Course

4.07.2

Materials
Replace Paragraph 4.07.2.1 -- Bituminous Material with the following:

4.07.2.1

Bituminous Material

Bituminous Material for bituminous concrete friction course shall be performance

graded (PG) asphalt cement meeting the requirements of paragraph 4.01.2.6 Performance
Graded (PG) Bituminous Materials in this Addendum to the General Specifications.

4.07.9

Measurement
Replace the last paragraph with the following:

Antistripping agents, mineral fillers, fibers and chemical admixtures/asphalt modifiers

other than polymers will be considered subsidiary to the construction of the bituminous concrete
friction course and will not be measured separately unless specifically stated in the Special
Specification and listed in the Bill Quantities. Polymer chemical admixture/asphalt modifiers
shall be measured separately by the kilogram.
4.07.10

Payment
Replace the fourth paragraph with the following:

Asphalt cement modified asphalt cement, antistripping agents, mineral fillers, fibers
and chemical additive/asphalt modifiers other than polymers will not paid for separately as they
are considered subsidiary to the construction of the bituminous concrete friction course in the
General Specifications and this Addendum to the General Specification. Polymer chemical
admixture/asphalt modifiers will be paid for separately in accordance with Subsection 4.05.11
Payment in this Addendum to the General Specifications.

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Section 4.09 - cold-mix recycled bituminous base

4.09.1 Description
Add the following:
This Work shall also consist of constructing and repairing a cold-mix bituminous
base course using existing stockpiled milled material, in accordance with these
Specifications and as directed by the Engineer.
SUPPLEMENTAL PAY ITEMS
Cold Reuse of Stockpiled Milled Material
Repair of Asphalt Layers Constructed from Milled Materials
4.09.2 Materials
4.09.2.4

Liquid and Emulsified Bituminous Materials

Add the following:

Cutback asphalt shall be medium-curing grade MC-30, MC-70 or MC-250;

emulsified asphalt shall be medium- or slow-setting, depending on the aggregate
gradation directed and the weather conditions.
4.09.9 Method of Measurement
Add the following:
Cold reuse of stockpiled milled material shall be measured by the cubic meter of
completed and accepted base course, in place.
Repair of Asphalt Layers constructed from milled materials shall be measured by the
square meter of the accepted repair work.
4.09.10 Payment
Add the following:
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTAL
PAY ITEMS WHEN THEY ARE INCLUDED IN THE CONTRACT BILL OF QUANTITIES:
ITEM No.

PAY ITEM

PAY UNIT

40951

Cold Reuse of Stockpiled Milled Materials

Cubic Meter

40952

Repair of Asphalt Layers Constructed from Milled

Materials

Square Meter

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SECTION 4.16 BITUMINOUS STONE MATRIX ASPHALT (SMA)

4.16.1

Description

This work shall consist of placing Bituminous Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) as
shown on the plans, and in accordance with these specifications, the General
Specifications and as directed by the Engineer. The SMA may be produced in batch or
drum mix plant.
The SMA is a gap graded hot mix asphalt mixture consisting of crushed coarse
and fine aggregates, mineral filler, asphalt cement, and stabilizing agent. The stabilizing
agent typically consists of fibers and / or polymers.
Supplemental Pay Items
Bituminous Stone matrix Asphalt (SMA)
4.16.2

Materials
The materials shall conform to the following requirements:
Bituminous Material

Bituminous material shall be Performance Graded (PG) asphalt cement conforming to the
requirements in Paragraph 4.01.2.6 Performance Graded Bituminous Materials in this
Addendum to the General Specifications
4.16.2.2

Aggregate. Aggregate shall conform to the following criteria:

4.16.2.2.1 Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate for SMA shall meet the requirements in the General
Specifications with the following additions or changes:
Sand Equivalent (AASHTO T96)
L.A. Abrasion Loss (AASHTO T96)
Sodium Sulphate Soundness Loss (T104)
Coarse and Fine Durability (T210)
Polish Value
Friction (at the completion of construction)
Two or more crushed faces
Flat and Elongated 3 to 1 (ASTM D 4791)
5 to 1

60% min
30% max
12% max
40 min
0.4 min
40 min
100%
20%
5%

4.16.2.2.2 Fine Aggregate

Fine aggregate shall meet the following requirements:
SODIUM SULPHAT SOUNDNESS LOSS (T104)
Crushed aggregate
Plasticity (T109)

100%
0%

12% MAX

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4.16.3

Mineral Filler

Mineral Filler shall be rock dust, crushed lime stone, portland cement or other
suitable filler material and shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M17. Additionally,
plasticity index (T90) of mineral filler shall not exceed 4%. Filler shall be kept as dry as
possible, but in not case the moisture shall exceed 10%.
4.16.4

Fiber

The cellulose fibers which meet the following requirements shall be uniformly
dispersed in the SMA mixture. Fiber content shall be between 0.3-0.4% of the total mix (lower
limit for cellulose, higher for mineral fibers). [local fine aggregate is not acceptable as a fiber].
Property
Sieve Analysis
1
Method A Alpine Sieve Analysis
Fiber Length
Passing 0.150 mm (No. 100 sieve)
2
Method B Mesh Screen Analysis
Fiber Length
Passing 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieve
0.425 mm (No. 40 ) sieve
0.106 mm (No. 140) sieve
3
Ash Content
4
PH
5
Oil Absorption
6
Moisture Content
(1)

Requirement

6 mm ( 0.25 in) Maximum

70 + 10 %
6 mm ( 0.25 in) Maximum
85 + 10 %
65 + 10 %
30 + 10 %
18 + 5 non-volatile
7.5 + 1.0
5.0 + 1.0 (times fiber mass)
Less than 5 % (by mass)

Method A Alpine Sieve Analysis. This test is performed using and Alpine Air Jet Sieve
(Type 200 LS). A representative five gram sample of fiber is sieved for 14 minutes at a
controlled vacuum of 5 kPa (11 psi) of water. The portion remaining on the screen is
weighed.

(2) Method B Mesh Screen Analysis. This test is performed using standard 0.850, 0.425,
0.250, 0.180, 0.150, and 0.106 mm sieves, nylon brushes, and a shaker. A representative 10
gram sample of fiber is sieved, using a shaker and two nylon brushes on each screen. The
amount retained on each sieve is weighed and the percentage passing calculated.
Repeatability of this method is suspect and needs to be verified.
(3) Ash Content A representative 2 3 gram sample of fiber is placed in a tarred crucible and
heated between 595 and 650 C (1100 and 1200F) for not less than two hours. The crucible
and ash are cooked in a desiccator and weighed.
(4) Ph Test Five grams of fiber is added to 100 ml of distilled water, stirred and let sit for 30
minutes. The Ph is determined with a probe calibrated with a Ph 7.0 buffer.
(5) Oil Absorption Test Five grams of fiber is accurately weighed and suspended in an excess
of mineral spirits for not less than 5 minutes to ensure total saturation. It is then placed in a
2
screen mesh strainer (approximately 0,5 mm opening size) and shaken on a wrist action
shaker for 10 minutes (approximately 32 mm (1 in) motion at 240 shakes per minutes).
The shaken mass is then transferred without touching to a tarred container and weighed.
Results are reported as to the amount (number of times its own weight) the fibers are able to
absorb.

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(6) Moisture Content Ten grams of fiber is weighed and placed in a 121 C (250 F) forced air
oven for two hours. The sample is then re-weighed immediately upon removal form the
oven.

4.16.4.1

Introduction of Fibers for batch plants

Fibers may be introduced manually or mechanically.
1) Manual Introduction. Pre-weighed packaged fibers may be added directly
to the pugmill during dry mixing time.
2) Automated introduction. Using a fiber machine, loose fibers may be added
directly to the pugmill during dry mixing time.

When fibers are used in batch plant, dry mixing time is increased by 5 7 seconds and
wet mixing times increased by at least 5 seconds for thorough mixing.

4.16.4.2

Introduction of Fibers for drum plants

Fibers may be introduced to the drum only using mechanical methods.
1)
2)

4.16.5

Introduction of loose fibers Loose fibers may be added using a fiber machine.
Introduction of pallet fibers Fibers in pellet form may be introduce using the
RAP conveyor.

The Mix Gradation

SMA gradation shall be based on the maximum nominal size (one size above
the sieve that retains at least 10% of the material by weight.
15.6 mm SMA shall meet the following gradation:
Sieve Size
15.6 mm

Percentage of sieve passing

100

Authorized limits
-

12.5 mm
9.5 mm
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
0.075 mm

90 99
70-85
30 50
20 30
8 11

+ 5%
+ 5%
+ 4%
+ 4%
+ 2%

19.0 mm SMA shall meet the following gradation:

Sieve Size
19 mm

Percentage of sieve passing

100

Authorized limits
+ 5%

12.5 mm

82 88

+ 5%

9.5 mm

55

+ 4%

4.75 mm
2.36 mm
0.075 mm

22 30
14 20
9 11

+ 4%
+ 2%

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4.16.5.1

Marshall Mix Design criteria. SMA mixture shall conform to the following criteria:
Test
Stability
Voids in mineral aggregate, VMA
Air Voids in the mix
Voids in coarse aggregate mix, VCA
Draindown @ production temperature
TSR (D4867)
Compaction blows

4.16.5.2

4.16.5.3

Requirement
635 kg
17% minimum (18% desirable)
3 % minimum (4% recommended for
warmer climates)
Less than VCA of the coarse aggregate
(T19)
0.30% maximum
80% min
50 both sides

Asphalt Cement: Asphalt cement content during the design phase shall be a
minimum of 6% and no greater than a maximum of 7%.
Determination of Mixing and Compacting Temperatures

The mix design mixing and compacting temperatures shall be according to AASHTO
T-245 Subsections 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 or according to the recommendations of the polymer
manufacturer in the case of using polymer modified binders.
4.16.5.4

Antistripping Additives

Antistripping additives will be added as needed to meet Marshal Mix Design Quality
Requirements in General Specifications Section 4.05 Bituminous Concrete Pavement.
4.16.6 Construction
4.16.6.1 Demonstration
Before proceeding with the actual work, the contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer
that a satisfactory mix can be produced, placed, and compacted to determine the compactive
effort needed. A minimum of 100 tons shall be placed at a site that simulates the actual project
conditions.
4.16.6.2 Hauling Units
A liquid detergent shall be placed on the truck beds and any extra liquid shall be drained
before loading with the mix.
The mix shall not be stored at the plant for more than 30 minutes.
4.16.6.3 Mix Temperature at the site
The compaction temperature is established during the design. However, it should be
noted that mix will not compact after its temperature drops below 115C - 127C for polymer
modified mixes). Therefore, the initial temperature of the mix at the job site should not be less
than 140C. The haul time between the mixing plant and job site should preferably be kept to not
more than one hour.

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4.16.6.4 Pavement Thickness

Pavement layer thickness be as specified in the contract documents. It should be noted
that SMA is generally not placed thicker than 40 mm.
4.16.6.5 Weather
Placement of SMA shall be permitted only when the ambient and pavement temperature
are at least 10C.
4.16.6.6 Tack Coat
If SMA is placed on an existing pavement a tack coat of a slow setting emulsion shall
be applied. The application rate for the tack coat shall be between 0.14 and 0.21 l/m.
4.16.6.7 Compaction
Rolling shall be performed using a minimum of three steel-wheeled static rollers, each
weighing 12 tons. The rolling shall commence immediately after placement and all rollers will
remain within 150 meters of the paver.
The rollers shall be equipped with a watering or soapy watering system that prevents
material from sticking to the roller wheels. Roller speed shall be between 1.6 and 4.8 kph. Mix
shall be compacted to 94% of the theoretical maximum density. Rolling shall be completed before
mat is cooled below 110C.
No vibrator roller in the vibratory mode or rubber tire roller will be allowed.
4.16.7

Quality Assurance Procedures

The Quality Assurance procedures in Subsection 4.05.8 Quality Assurance

Procedures in the General Specifications shall be applied to the acceptance of
Bituminous Concrete Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA).
4.16.8

Method of Measurement

Bituminous Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) shall be measured by the cubic meter of mix
acceptably placed and evaluated in accordance with the General Specifications and this
Addendum to the General Specifications.
4.16.9

Payment

The amount of Bituminous Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) actually incorporated in to the
work, and measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices in the Bill of
Quantities.
Prices and payment made under this section shall cover and be full compensation for
furnishing labor, equipment, materials, tools and incidentals necessary to complete all the work
involved as specified in Subsection 1.07.2 Scope of Payment in the General Specifications
except for polymer chemical admixture/asphalt modifiers which shall be paid for separately in
accordance with Paragraph 4.05.11 Payment in this Addendum to the General Specifications.

Table of Contents

PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTAL

PAY ITEMS WHEN THEY ARE INCLUDED IN THE CONTRACT BILL OF QUANTITIES.
ITEM NO.
41651

PAY ITEM
Bituminous Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)

PAY UNIT
Cubic Meter

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Section 4.17 MICRO-SURFACING

4.17.1 Description
This work includes providing micro-surfacing systems in accordance with this Addendum
to the General Specifications and the plan dimensions.
SUPPLEMENTAL PAY ITEMS
Micro-Surfacing Layer
Micro-Surfacing Rut-Fill
4.17.2 Materials Requirements
The contractor shall furnish an asphalt emulsion, polymer modifier one hundred (100)
percent crushed mineral aggregate meeting the Type III Slurry Seal Aggregate requirements in
General Specifications Paragraph 4.10.2.2. Mineral filler, water and other additives are optional.
A signed and dated certification that the materials meet or exceed the following criteria shall be
submitted by the contractor as part of his mix design submission.

AGGREGATE
AASHTO T 176
(ASTM D 2419)

Sand Equivalent

60 min.

AASHTO T 104
(ASTM C 88)

Soundness

AASHTO T 96
(ASTM C 131)

Abrasion

15% max. for sodium sulphate

25% max. for magnesium
sulphate
30% max.

AASHTO T 59
(ASTM D 244)

Viscosity

20 min. 100% max.

AASHTO T 59
(ASTM D 244)

Sieve Analysis

0.1% max.

AASHTO T 59
(ASTM D 244)

Asphalt
Content

62% min.

ASPHALT EMULSION

Residual

ASPHALT RESIDUE
ASTM D 2171

Absolute Viscosity

8000 poises, min.

AASHTO T 53

Softening Point

57C, min.

AASHTO T 49
(ASTM D 2397)

Penetration

55 min and 90 max.

ASTM D 113

Ductility

70 min

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MIXTURE
The following mixture properties are recommended by the International Slurry Seal
Association (ISSA). Document any deviation for the recommended mixture criteria and provide
such documentation to the Ministry.
ISSA TB-139

Wet Cohesion @
30 minutes
60 minutes

12 kg-cm, min.
20 kg-cm, min.

Asphalt Content,
Loaded Wheel Test

540 g/m ,max

Asphalt Content, Wet

Track Abrasion Loss
1-hour soak
6-day soak

540 g/m , max.

2
810 g/m , max

ISSA TB-147 A,B

Lat. Displace.
Vert. Displace

5% max.
10% max.

ISSA TB-144

Compatibility

11 grade points, min

ISSA TB-109 *

ISSA TB-100 *

* Tests ISSA TB-109 and TB-100 are used to determine optimum asphalt content. In
lieu of these test, the Ministry may require the use of a modified Marshall Stability Test
(ISSA TB-140) or Hveem Cohesionmeter Test (ASTM D 1560) to determine optimum
asphalt content.
4.17.3 Construction Requirements
4.17.3.1

Acceptance Criteria

Thickness The Contractor shall lace surface treatment to a minimum application

2
rate of eleven (11) kg/m .
2

Finished Surface The Contractor shall finish any twenty-five (25) m of surface to a
uniform texture to have:
1.

No more than four (4) tear marks greater than thirteen (1) mm wide and or
hundred (100) mm long.

2.

No tear marks grater than twenty-five (25) mm wide and seventy five (75) mm
long

3.

No transverse ripples or longitudinal streaks of five (5) mm or more in depth, as

measured with a 3-meter straight edge.

Surface Friction The Contractor shall provide a uniform surface with a skid number
measured by ASTM E 274 at sixty-five (65) km/h, of at least forty (40).
Joints Longitudinal and transverse joints shall appear neat and uniform without buildup,
uncovered areas, or unsightly appearance.

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Longitudinal joints shall be placed on lane lines with less than fifty (50) mm overlap on
adjacent passes and no more than six (6) mm difference in elevation between the adjacent
passes as measured with a 3-meter straight edge.
Transverse joints shall be restricted to five (5) per six thousand (6000) m of lane.
Construct transverse joints with no more than three (3) mm difference in elevation across the joint
as measured with a 3-meter straight edge.
Edges Edges shall appear neat and uniform along the roadway lane, shoulder, and
curb lines. Edges along curbs shall have no tolerance. Edges shall have no more than fifty (50)
mm horizontal variance in any thirty (30) m, along the roadway lane and shoulder.
Opening to Traffic Layers shall be open to traffic no sooner than one (1) hour after
placement. Filled ruts shall not be open to traffic for two (2) hours after placement.
Cross Section Cross section with a 3-meter straight edge. Filled ruts shall have no
depressions. Ruts shall not be more than three (3) mm per twenty five (25) mm.
If existing ruts are greater than six (6) mm, the ruts shall be filled by separate application
of micro-surfacing prior to the surface application. Ruts of six (6) mm or less may be filled during
the surface application.
Bleeding and Flushing Limit high severity bleeding and flushing in any one hundred
2
(100) m area to no more than two (2) percent by the end of the warranty period. No bleeding at
joints is allowed.

4.17.3.2

Execution Requirements

The Contractor will supply all material and labor to perform installation and repair work at
no additional cost to the agency and shall provide a certification that the materials and mixture
meet or exceed the requirements of Section 4.17.2 Materials Requirements in this Addendum to
the General Specifications.
Work shall include repairs, permanent replacement, traffic control, and tests in
accordance with the requirements in the General and Special Maintenance Specifications. Traffic
control for work operations shall be in accordance with section 9.02 Traffic Control Through
Work Zones in the General Specifications and these Special Specifications. Areas shall be
repaired within thirty working days of notification by the agency, that do not meet the acceptance
criteria.
Temporary repairs shall be performed when the climatic conditions temporarily prohibit
permanent repairs. Temporary repairs shall be replaced with permanent repairs as soon as
weather allows.
The Contractor shall replace any 400 m lane segment that has repairs or defects
exceeding five (5) percent of the area.
4.17.4 Method of Measurement
The layer application of micro-surfacing shall be measured by the square meter for the
area upon which the micro-surfacing was actually placed. Tack coat and water used to cover the
surface to be sealed shall not be measured separately as they are considered subsidiary to the
micro-surfacing item.

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The filing of ruts with micro-surfacing shall be measured by the kilogram of the
aggregate/ modified asphalt emulsion mixture used to fill the ruts by separate application of
micro-surfacing prior to the surface application.
4.17.5 Payment
The layer application of micro-surfacing completed as specified and measured shall be
paid for at the contract unit price per square meter. Separate applications of micro-surfacing for
rut filling as specified and measured shall be paid for by the kilogram for aggregate modified
asphalt emulsion mixture. Mineral fillers, chemical admixtures and asphalt modifiers used to
meet the mix design requirements shall be considered subsidiary and shall not be paid for
separately unless stated in the Special Specifications and listed in the Bill of Quantities.
Prices and payment made under this section shall cover and be full compensation for
furnishing labor, equipment, materials, tools and incidentals necessary to complete all the work
involved as specified in Subsection 1.07.2 Scope of Payment in these General Specifications.
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTAL
ITEMS WHEN THEY ARE LISTED IN THE CONTRACT BILL OF QUANTITITES.
ITEM No.

PAY ITEM

PAY UNIT

41751

Micro-surfacing Layer

Square-Meter

41752

Micro-surfacing, Rut fill

Kilogram

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SECTION 4.18 POROUS BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

4.18.1

Description

This work shall consist of placing Porous Bituminous Concrete (PBC) as shown on the
plans, and in accordance with these specifications, the General Specifications and as directed by
the Engineer. The PBC may be produced in batch or drum mix plant.
The PBC is an open graded hot mix asphalt mixture consisting of crushed coarse and
fine aggregates, mineral filler, and asphalt cement. A stabilizing agent will also be needed and
typically consists of fibers and / or polymers.
Supplemental Pay Items
Porous Bituminous Concrete (PBC)
4.18.2

4.18.2.1

Materials
The materials shall conform to the following requirements:
Bituminous Material

Bituminous material shall be a Performance Graded (PG) asphalt cement and shall be
in conformance with the requirements in Paragraph 4.01.2.6 Performance Graded (PG)
Bituminous Materials of this Addendum to the General Specifications.
Required bituminous gradation will be noted in the contract documents.
4.18.2.2 Aggregate. Aggregate shall conform to the following criteria:
4.18.2.2.1 Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate for PBC shall meet the requirements in the General Specifications
with the following additions or changes:
L.A. Abrasion Loss (AASHTO T96)
Sodium Sulphate Soundness Loss (T104)
Coarse and Fine Durability (T210)
One or more crushed faces (ASTM D5821)
Two or more crushed faces
Flat and Elongated (ASTM D 4791)
3 to 1
5 to 1
Flakiness
Sand Equivalent (T176)
Absorption (T85)
Polish Value
(ASTM D3319)

30% max
12% max
40 min
100%
90%
20%
5%
25% maximum
50 minimum
2% max
0.40 minimum

Note: Only polish resistant aggregate will be used for PBC. Polish value and testing
method requirement will be as noted above unless stated otherwise.
Note: Ministry may require a minimum surface friction number of at least 40 [ASTM E274
at 65 km/h] at the completion of construction. If required it will be noted in the contract
documents.

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4.18.2.2.2 Fine Aggregate

Fine aggregate shall meet the following requirements:
Sodium Sulphate Soundness Loss (T104)
Crushed aggregate
Plasticity (T109)
4.18.3

12% max
100%
0%

Mineral Filler

Mineral Filler shall be rock dust, crushed lime stone, portland cement or other suitable
filler material and shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M17. Additionally, plasticity index
(T90) of mineral filler shall not exceed 4%. Filler shall be kept as dry as possible, but in no case
the moisture content in filler shall exceed 10%.

4.18.3.1 Introduction of Mineral Filler

Either a mineral filler silo with a mechanical delivery system or cold feed bins may be
used for introduction of filler. If a silo system is used the filler is blown into the weigh hopper or
pugmill of a batch plant or into the drum of a drum mix plant. The delivery system must be able to
handle filler loads including metering of the proper amount of filler.
If a conveyor system is used the extra care will be needed to control the filler amount and
dusty conditions during windy days.
4.18.4 Fiber
Unless otherwise noted, the PBC shall incorporate a stabilizer (cellulose fibers) to
prevent/reduce the draindown. The draindown shall not exceed 0.3% of the mass (test method
attached). Fiber content shall be between 0.2-0.3% of the total mix (plant tolerance will be 0.1).
Limits closed to 0.3 are preferred, however, the use and amount of fibers should be based on
combination of the design mix evaluation, draindown test results, hauling distance, and the
demonstration strip evaluation. [local fine aggregate is not acceptable as a fiber].
Fibers shall be uniformly dispersed in the PBC mixture, and meet the following requirements.
Property
Sieve Analysis
1
Method A Alpine Sieve Analysis
Fiber Length
Passing 0.150 mm (No. 100 sieve)
2
Method B Mesh Screen Analysis
Fiber Length
Passing 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieve
0.425 mm (No. 40 ) sieve
0.106 mm (No. 140) sieve
3
Ash Content
4
PH
5
Oil Absorption
6
Moisture Content

Requirement

6 mm Maximum
70 + 10 %
6 mm Maximum
85 + 10 %
65 + 10 %
30 + 10 %
18 + 5 non-volatile
7.5 + 1.0
5.0 + 1.0 (times fiber mass)
Less than 5 % (by mass)

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(1) Method A Alpine Sieve Analysis. This test is performed using and Alpine Air Jet Sieve
(Type 200 LS). A representative five gram sample of fiber is sieved for 14 minutes at a
controlled vacuum of 5 kPa (11 psi) of water. The portion remaining on the screen is
weighed.
(2) Method B Mesh Screen Analysis. This test is performed using standard 0.850, 0.425,
0.250, 0.180, 0.150, and 0.106 mm sieves, nylon brushes, and a shaker. A representative
10 gram sample of fiber is sieved, using a shaker and two nylon brushes on each screen.
The amount retained on each sieve is weighed and the percentage passing calculated.
Repeatability of this method is suspect and needs to be verified.
(3) Ash Content A representative 2 3 gram sample of fiber is placed in a tarred crucible and
heated between 595 and 650 C (1100 and 1200F) for not less than two hours. The crucible
and ash are cooked in a desiccator and weighed.
(4) Ph Test Five grams of fiber is added to 100 ml of distilled water, stirred and let sit for 30
minutes. The Ph is determined with a probe calibrated with a Ph 7.0 buffer.
(5) Oil Absorption Test Five grams of fiber is accurately weighed and suspended in an excess
of mineral spirits for not less than 5 minutes to ensure total saturation. It is then placed in a
2
screen mesh strainer (approximately 0,5 mm opening size) and shaken on a wrist action
shaker for 10 minutes (approximately 32 mm (1 in) motion at 240 shakes per minutes).
The shaken mass is then transferred without touching to a tarred container and weighed.
Results are reported as to the amount (number of times its own weight) the fibers are able to
absorb.
(6) Moisture Content Ten grams of fiber is weighed and placed in a 121 C (250 F) forced air
oven for two hours. The sample is then re-weighed immediately upon removal form the
oven.
4.18.4.1 Introduction of Fibers. A separate system for feeding fibers shall be used to: 1)
proportion the required amount into the mixture, and 2) achieve a uniform distribution.
Introduction of Fibers for batch plant: Fibers may be introduced manually or
mechanically. The automated supply system shall include low level and noflow
indicators, and a printout of status of feed rate in kg/min. The filler supply line shall
include a section of transparent pipe for visually observing consistency of feed.
1) Manual Introduction. Pre-weighed packaged fibers may be added directly to the
pugmill. These should be added during dry mixing time so that a uniform dispersion
could be achieved prior to injection of asphalt cement into the mixture.
2) Automated introduction. Using a fiber machine, loose fibers may be added directly
to the pugmill or weigh hopper during dry mixing time.
When fibers are used in batch plant, dry mixing time is increased by 3 4 seconds and
wet mixing times increased by at least 5 - 10 seconds for thorough mixing.
Introduction of Fibers for drum plants. Fibers may be introduced to the drum by only
using mechanical methods. These shall be added to the drum in a manner that prevents
the fibers from becoming entangled in the exhaust system.
1)

Introduction of loose fibers - Loose fibers may be added using a fiber machine.

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2)

Introduction of pellet fibers - Fibers in pellet form may be introduced using the
RAP conveyor

4.18.5 The Mix Gradation

PBC gradation shall be based on the required thickness for the surfacing course. The
maximum nominal size (one size above the sieve that retains at least 10% of the material
by weight) of the gradation shall be 16.0 mm.
For 40 mm thick course, PBC shall meet the following gradation:
Sieve Size
15.6 mm

Percentage of sieve passing

100

Authorized limits

12.5 mm

85 100

-5%

9.5 mm

50 80

+ 5%

4.75 mm
2.36 mm
0.075 mm

20 30
12 15
24

+ 4%
+ 2%
+ 1%

For 50 mm thick course, the PBC shall have the following gradation:
Sieve Size
Percentage of sieve passing Authorized limits
15.6 mm
95-100
-5%
12.5 mm

7590

+ 5%

9.5 mm
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
0.075 mm

45-65
20 30
10 15
34

+ 5%
+ 4%
+ 2%
+ 1%

4.18.5.1 PBC mix design criteria. The Marshall method is used to compact PBC mixtures in the
laboratory, and to prepare samples for further analysis. In the PBC design the determination of
specific gravity and void content is more important than stability and flow values. Major
requirements are noted below. Note: Additional mixture design requirements and details shall be
provided by the Ministry.
Test
Stability
Flow Value, 0.25 mm
Air Voids in the mix (compacted sample, 50
blows Marshall, per side)
Voids in coarse aggregate mix, VCA
Draindown @ mixing temperature
(test method is attached)
TSR (D4867)

Requirement
NA (635 kg desirable)
N/A (8-16 desirable)
18-22% [20% minimum is desirable]
Less than VCA of the coarse aggregate
(T19)
0.30% maximum
80% min

Note: Ministry may require a permeability test during design and at the end of construction to
determine drainage rate for PBC. Details on Permeability Test and minimum permeability
requirement will be provided by the Ministry.

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4.18.5.2

Asphalt cement content

AC content for PBC shall be determined during the design. Initial binder content can
be estimated using an aggregate surface capacity test procedures (as noted for friction course).
This initial AC content is then optimized to provide thick asphalt coating (usual binder film
thickness 20-40 micron) within the air void limits without resulting in drain down. Note: Optimum
AC content will normally be in the range of 5-6.5%.
4.18.5.3 Mixing and Compaction Temperatures
These temperatures shall be determined in accordance with AASHTO T 245,
sections 3.3.1,2, or that recommended by the producer when polymer-modified binders are used.
[Mixing temperature is generally in the range that will correspond to asphalt cement viscosities of
700-900 centistokes] Mixes with polymer modification and fibers can generally be produced at
about 140-160C. If fibers are used mixing time is extended by about 15-25 seconds as noted
earlier]
4.18.5.4

Anti stripping Additives

If needed anti stripping additives will be added in accordance with General

Specifications.
4.18.6 Construction
4.18.6.1 Demonstration
Before proceeding with the actual work, the contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that a
satisfactory mix can be produced, placed, and compacted to determine the compactive effort
needed. A minimum of 150 meters shall be placed at a site that simulates the actual project
conditions.
4.18.6.2

Hauling Units.

To prevent mix sticking on the truck beds, a suitable release agent (such as dry soap powder or a
liquid detergent) shall be placed on the truck beds. Any extra liquid shall be drained before
loading with the mix.
The mix shall not be stored at the plant for more than 30 minutes.
4.18.6.3

Mix Temperature at the site.

The compaction temperature is established during the design. However, it should be noted that
mix will not compact after its temperature drops below 115C for conventional PBC and 125C for
polymer modified PBC. Therefore, the initial temperature of the mix at the job site should not be
less than 135C. The haul time between the mixing plant and job site should be kept to not more
than one hour to prevent mix cooling and draindown.
Each load should be covered with a full tarp to prevent loss of temperature.
4.18.6.4

Pavement Thickness.

Pavement layer thickness be as specified in the contract documents. It should be noted that PBC
is generally placed at thicknesses of 40-50 mm.

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4.18.6.5

Weather

Placement of PBC shall be permitted only when the ambient and pavement
temperature are at least 15C.
4.18.6.6

Tack Coat.

The surface on which PBC is placed should be impervious and sloped about 2%
towards the edge of the road. A strong, durable bond of the PBC to the pavement surface is
essential. A heavier tack coat or a SAMI-like seal coat is preferred.
A tack coat of a slow setting emulsion (diluted with 50% water) shall be applied at a
rate of 0.35 and 0.50 l/m to seal the underlying surface. Note: Application rate may have to be
adjusted based on the field conditions. [if a SAMI is used the application rate will be in the range
of 0.8-1.5 l/m; and cover aggregate will be 6 to 9.5 mm size]
4.18.6.7

Compaction.

Rolling shall be performed using a minimum of three steel-wheeled static rollers,

each weighing 12 tons. The rolling shall commence immediately after placement and all rollers
will remain within 152 meters of the paver.
The rollers shall be equipped with a watering or soapy watering system that prevents
material from sticking to the roller wheels. Roller speed shall be between 1.6 and 4.8 kph. All
rolling shall be completed before mat is cooled below 115C.
No vibrator roller in the vibratory mode or rubber tire roller will be allowed.
4.18.7 Quality Assurance Procedures
The Quality Assurance procedures in Subsection 4.05.8 Quality Assurance
Procedures in the General Specifications shall be applied to the acceptance of PBC.
4.18.7.1

Paving Profile (ride quality)

The finished surface of the PBC pavement when placed as a wearing course shall
conform to Ministry ride quality standards contained in Subsection 4.05.8 Quality Assurance
Procedures in the General Specifications.
4.18.8

Method of Measurement

PBC shall be measured by the cubic meter of mix acceptably placed and evaluated in
accordance with the General Specifications, this Addendum and certified by the Engineer.
4.18.9

Payment

The amount of PBC actually incorporated in to the work, and measure as provided
above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices in the Bill of Quantities.
Prices and payment made under this section shall cover and be full compensation for
furnishing labor, equipment, materials, tools and incidentals necessary to complete all the work
involved as specified in Subsection 1.07.2 Scope of Payment in the General Specifications,
except for polymer chemical admixture/asphalt modifier which shall be paid for separately in
accordance with Paragraph 4.05.11 Payment in this Addendum to the General Specifications.

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PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTAL

PAY ITEMS WHEN THEY ARE INCLUDED IN THE CONTRACT BILL OF QUANTITIES.
Item No.
41851

Pay Item
Porous Bituminous Concrete (PBC)

Pay Unit
Cubic Meter

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